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Objective To analyze the problems of review of anti-tumor drug prescriptions and medical orders assisted by an information system to improve the review rules,and to provide a reference for improving review quality of anti-tumor drug prescription.Methods The problem with the pre-review of anti-tumor drug prescriptions and medical orders assisted by the information system in Sichuan Cancer Hospital during 2020-2022 were collected.The data came from the MEDICOM PASS system in Sichuan Cancer hospital.Clinical pharmacists made comments on relevant problems and analyzed the results.Results A total of 9 325 antitumor drug pre-approval problems,including 6 279 outpatient prescriptions(67.3%)and 3 046 inpatient orders(32.7%),among which 6 153(66.0%)were unsuitable indications,1 933(20.7%)were drug contraindications,449(4.8%)were problematic routes of administration,345(3.7%)were unsuitable drug compatibility,177(1.9%)were inappropriate drug frequency,133(1.4%)were problematic drug populations,74(0.8%)were unsuitable single doses,39(0.4%)were unacceptable drug interactions,22(0.2%)were unsuitable drug total.The results of clinical pharmacists'comments were 4 459 reasonable cases,with a false positive rate of 47.8%.The false positive problems included 2 264(50.8%)cases of unsuitable indications,1 933(43.3%)cases of drug contraindications,231(5.2%)cases of problematic routes of administration,and 31(0.7%)cases of unsuitable populations.Conclusion The review of anti-tumor drug prescriptions assisted by an information system can effectively intercept irrational drug use and improve the review quality of prescriptions and medical orders.However,the evidence-based medicine date of antitumor drugs is updated quickly.Pharmacists should constantly improve the prescription review rules based on the latest evidence-based medicine data.
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The lattice Boltzmann-immersed boundary (IB-LB) method is used to numerically simulate the sedimentation motion of a single two-dimensional, bottom-heavy squirmer in a narrow vessel. The effects of the swimming Reynolds number Res = 0.1-3, eccentricity distance l = 0.15d-0.75d, and density ratio of squirmer to fluid γ = 1.1-2.0 on the settlement motion characteristics are investigated and analyzed. The results showed that four settling modes exist: vertical motion, unilateral oscillation, oscillation, and tilt. The bottom-heavy neutral squirmer and puller settle in the vessel during vertical motion when Res is 0.1-1.5. By increasing Res and swimming strength |ß|, the bottom-heavy squirmer becomes more self-driven, shifting its settling mode from vertical motion to unilateral oscillation or oscillation. Increasing l or |ß| does not affect the bottom-heavy neutral squirmer and puller's vertical settling mode but shifts the bottom-heavy pusher's settling mode from unilateral oscillation to oscillation or oscillation to unilateral oscillation. Similarly, altering γ or |ß| has no impact on the eccentric neutral squirmer and puller's settling mode; however, pushers will switch from oscillation mode to attraction mode or from oscillation mode to tilt mode. Additionally, it was found that after the squirmer collided with the bottom wall, the bottom-heavy squirmer settled at the bottom of the vessel in a different state of motion.
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Patients with advanced chronic liver disease （ACLD） are hospitalized due to hepatitis， acute decompensation or liver failure and its complications， and they often require stratified management due to different severities. The patients with acute－on－chronic liver failure （ACLF） have the highest short－term mortality rate among ACLD patients and should be treated in tertiary hospitals. Although non－ACLF patients tend to have a relatively low mortality rate， they still have the risk of progression to ACLF， and there is a significant increase in mortality rate after progression to ACLF， which requires stratified management. The patients with extremely low progression rates often have favorable clinical outcomes and can be administrated in primary hospitals， while the high－risk population should be closely monitored and timely transferred in case of disease progression. However， currently there is still a lack of accurate predictive models for evaluating the risk of progression to ACLF， and further studies are needed to find new biomarkers or algorithms.
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OBJECTIVE：To optimize the f ormulation of docetaxel （DTX）-mPEG-PLGA-mPEG （PELGE）-nanoparticles （NPs），and to characterize it and evaluate its in vitro drug release and antitumor activity. METHODS ：PELGE were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization. DTX-PELGE-NPs were prepared by using emulsion solvent evaporation method. The content of DTX in DTX-PELGE-NPs was determined by HPLC. Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology was applied to optimize the formulation of the nanoparticles using the amount of DTX ，PELGE and poloxamer 188 as independent variable ，using entrapped efficiency as dependent variable. The particle size and Zeta-potential of DTX-PELGE-NPs were characterized by laser particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscope. The in vitro release of the DTX-PELGE-NPs was investigated by ultra-filtered centrifugation，using DTX injection as reference. In vitro cytotoxicity of the DTX-PELGE-NPs was investigated by MTT assay ， using DTX and PELGE-NPs without DTX as reference . RESULTS ：The optimal formulation included 2.80 mg DTX ，20.60 mg PELGE and 6％ poloxamer 188. The entrapped efficiency of optimized DTX-PELGE-NPs was （86.79±1.32）％；drug-loading amount was （10.21±0.78）％，and average particle size was （78.4±2.9）nm；polydispersity coeffici ent was （0.187±0.018）and Zeta potential was （－20.6±1.5）mV. Furthermore ，DTX- PELGE-NPs showed a regular spherical and uniform distribution under scanning electron microscopy. Compared with DTXinjection（accumulative release rate of 92.3％ at 4 h），DTX- PELGE-NPs had a significant sustained-release effect （accumu-lative release rate of 78.6％ at 36 h）. 0.1-50 μg/mL PELGE-NPs had no obvious cytotoxicity to human breast cancer cells MCF-7（P＞0.05）. 0.5-10 μg/mL DTX-PELGE-NPs could significantly inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells MCF-7， and its inhibitory effect （except for DTX-PELGE-NPs 10 μg/mL group）was significantly stronger than that of DTX injection （P＜ 0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：The optimized formulation is stable and feasible. The obtained DTX-PELGE-NPs not only have uniform particle size ，high encapsulation rate obvious slow-release effect ，but also have stronger anti-tumor effect in vitro than DTX injection.
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AIM: To explore the effect of OCTN2 gene polymorphism on the expression and function of OCTN2, as well as the sensitivity of SW480 cells to oxaliplatin. METHODS: Four mutations of OCTN2 (F17L, E317K, S467C and P478L) transfected cell lines were constructed. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the levels of OCTN2 mRNA and protein. The content of oxaliplatin was detected by HPLC. MTS assay was used to detect cell viability. RESULTS: The expression level of all mutant OCTN2 mRNA and protein was not significantly different from that of wild-type OCTN2. Oxaliplatin uptake experiments showed that there was no significant difference in V
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The liver plays an important role in procoagulant and anticoagulant mechanisms in human body. There are complex changes in hemostasis in patients with liver cirrhosis, with the presence of interaction between the portal venous system and the peripheral system and differences in etiology, and such patients have a dual trend of hemorrhage and thrombosis. At present, there are certain limitations in coagulation function tests commonly used in clinical practice. The primary etiology and results of various coagulation tests should be considered before initiation of anticoagulant therapy for patients with liver cirrhosis, so as to make the best clinical decisions for patients.