RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Ventral penile curvature is a key factor in determining the surgical approach to proximal hypospadias repair. However, there is limited evidence regarding the efficacy and long-term effects of the procedures used to address curvature. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of urethral plate transection alone with tissue traction therapy on penile curvature in two-stage repair of proximal hypospadias. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective study of primary hypospadias patients who underwent a two-stage repair with urethral plate transection as the sole straightening procedure. After stage 1, taping was applied as tissue traction therapy and continued until stage 2. Penile curvature was measured using a goniometer under artificial erection before and immediately after urethral plate transection and during the second stage of repair. The primary focus of this investigation is the angle of curvature after 6-month taping. RESULTS: The study included 46 patients with a median age of 13 months at the start of treatment. The median angle of penile ventral curvature was 70° after degloving, 60° after urethral plate transection, and 0° during the second stage of repair. Full correction of ventral curvature was achieved in 42 patients (91 %). DISCUSSION: This publication is the first of its kind to propose taping as a method for penile traction therapy in hypospadias. The study reveals that penile ventral lengthening can be achieved through tissue traction therapy following UP transection alone. These findings challenge the current consensus that complete straightening of the penis in the first stage is necessary to prevent recurrent curvature and that ventral lengthening is required to correct corporal disproportion. However, further validation and long-term data are needed to definitively confirm the effectiveness of tissue traction therapy after urethral plate transection. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated significant resolution rate of penile ventral curvature in proximal hypospadias following urethral plate transection alone with taping. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to confirm the sustainability of the results through puberty.
Asunto(s)
Hipospadias , Uretra , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Urológicos Masculinos , Hipospadias/cirugía , Masculino , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Uretra/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Urológicos Masculinos/métodos , Lactante , Pene/cirugía , Preescolar , Resultado del Tratamiento , Tracción/métodos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Cinta QuirúrgicaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The best surgical approach to ectopic ureters and ureteroceles is yet to be determined. The objective of this study is to provide an alternative lower tract surgical approach to ectopic ureters and duplex system ureteroceles that can be safely performed in young children. METHODS: The "in-and-out" bladder approach was performed via an open intravesical incision. The upper and lower pole ureters were mobilized and brought into the bladder. The dilated ureter/ureterocele was cut open, and the distal part was deuroepithelialized. Subsequently, common sheath reimplantation was performed. The ureterocele wall was not involved during the whole procedure. We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent surgery for ureteroceles and ectopic ureters between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2019. Patients with intravesical ureteroceles were excluded. Outcome parameters included the presence of hydronephrosis or reflux, split renal function on DMSA scan, incidence of urinary tract infection, and urinary incontinence. RESULTS: A total of 32 patients with ectopic duplex system ureterocele who underwent the "in-and-out" bladder approach between 2004 and 2019 were included in the retrospective study. The median age at operation was 7.8 months (range: 1.5 months-3.0 years). The median length of follow-up was 6.1 years (range: 1.0 years-14.3 years). Sixteen patients (55%) had ipsilateral vesicoureteral reflux. Five patients postoperatively developed a urinary tract infection within 1-3 years. No patients required further endoscopic treatment or surgeries. During long-term follow-up, two patients (6.3%) had intermittent day wetting at the ages of 4 and 5 years and were managed conservatively. The symptoms of intermittent day wetting subsided during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The "in-and-out bladder" approach can be performed in complex duplex system ureteroceles and enables early intervention; it is a single and simple operation with a satisfactory long-term continence rate.
Asunto(s)
Uréter , Obstrucción Ureteral , Ureterocele , Infecciones Urinarias , Niño , Humanos , Lactante , Preescolar , Ureterocele/diagnóstico por imagen , Ureterocele/cirugía , Ureterocele/complicaciones , Estudios Retrospectivos , Uréter/diagnóstico por imagen , Uréter/cirugía , Endoscopía/métodos , Obstrucción Ureteral/cirugía , Infecciones Urinarias/complicacionesRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) through the urethra is the treatment of choice for patients with neurogenic bladder (NGB) or other etiologies that lead to incomplete bladder emptying. However, urethral catheterization can be problematic. Vesicocutaneous fistula (VCF) is a continent catheterizable channel with a low rate of complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of VCF as a route for CIC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent creation of the VCF for bladder drainage from November 2001 to December 2017. Demographics, indication for VCF, pre-operative and postoperative laboratory/radiologic studies, incidence of febrile urinary tract infection (UTI), and adherence to CIC through VCF were examined. RESULTS: Vesicocutaneous fistula was created in a total of 20 patients (nine males and 11 females; median age, 13.2 years [range: 3.8 months-22.8 years]). The median follow-up time was 30.5 months (range: 5.9 months-16.9 years). The underlying etiologies that resulted in NGB included spina bifida (n = 10), cerebral palsy (n = 2), caudal regression syndrome (n = 2), and others (n = 6). Before creation of the VCF, 13 patients (65%) had either grade ≥3 unilateral or bilateral hydronephrosis as per the Society for Fetal Urology grading system. Thirteen patients (65%) had experienced at least one febrile UTI the year before the creation of the VCF. At the last follow-up, renal function was improved or stabilized in 14 patients (70%). Fifteen patients (75%) had experienced no febrile UTI in the last 1 year. Upper urinary tract dilatation resolved or improved in 10 patients (77%). The VCF continence rate was 88%. In this study, bladder augmentation or the Mitrofanoff procedure was not performed. During maturation, nine patients (45%) had granuloma; five of those cases subsided within 2 years without any intervention. Five patients had VCF stricture, and only one required revision surgery (5%). DISCUSSION: The VCF continence rate was comparable with that of the Mitrofanoff procedure. Adherence to CIC through VCF lowered the rate of UTI and preserved the upper urinary tract. Bladder emptying by CIC through VCF provided the same benefits as those of the Mitrofanoff procedure: extra privacy, social independence, and reduction of parental burden. Although a long maturation stage of 6 months was required, the rate of major complications was low. Most complications were conservatively manageable and seldom required revision surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Vesicocutaneous fistula is a continent catheterizable conduit, an alternative option for bladder management in patients with NGB who cannot undergo urethral CIC smoothly.