RESUMEN
Asbestos was largely used in Brazil. It is a mineral that induces pleural and pulmonary fibrosis, and it is a potent carcinogen. Our objective was to develop recommendations for the performance of adequate imaging tests for screening asbestos-related diseases. We searched peer-reviewed publications, national and international technical documents, and specialists' opinions on the theme. Based on that, the major recommendations are: Individuals exposed to asbestos at the workplace for ≥ 1 year or those with a history of environmental exposure for at least 5 years, all of those with a latency period > 20 years from the date of initial exposure, should initially undego HRCT of the chest for investigation. Individuals with pleural disease and/or asbestosis should be considered for regular lung cancer monitoring. Risk calculators should be adopted for lung cancer screening, with a risk estimate of 1.5%.
Asunto(s)
Amianto , Asbestosis , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Exposición Profesional , Humanos , Brasil , Asbestosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Asbestosis/diagnóstico , Amianto/efectos adversos , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Sociedades Médicas , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Asbestos was largely used in Brazil. It is a mineral that induces pleural and pulmonary fibrosis, and it is a potent carcinogen. Our objective was to develop recommendations for the performance of adequate imaging tests for screening asbestos-related diseases. We searched peer-reviewed publications, national and international technical documents, and specialists' opinions on the theme. Based on that, the major recommendations are: Individuals exposed to asbestos at the workplace for ≥ 1 year or those with a history of environmental exposure for at least 5 years, all of those with a latency period > 20 years from the date of initial exposure, should initially undego HRCT of the chest for investigation. Individuals with pleural disease and/or asbestosis should be considered for regular lung cancer monitoring. Risk calculators should be adopted for lung cancer screening, with a risk estimate of 1.5%.
RESUMEN
Através de uma revisäo sucinta da literatura caracteriza-se a poeira de gräos de cereais como fator de risco ocupacional e comenta-se sobre os efeitos biológicos secundários à exposiçäo para entäo apresentar estudo transversal controlado que avalia a prevalência de alteraçöes respiratórias em 23 trabalhadores expostos à poeira de gräos de cereais em silos do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram avaliados 58 funcionários näo-expostos como grupo-controle. Todos os indivíduos foram submetidos a um questionário padronizado de sintomas respiratórios e ao teste espirométrico. Os trabalhadores de gräos mostraram prevalência de tosse (42 por cento), expectoraçäo (47 por cento, sibilância 34 por cento) e bronquite crônica (27 por cento) maior do que o grupo-controle e chance significativa de apresentar esses sintomas respiratórios. O grupo exposto apresentou VEF1 e CVF com valóres médios mais baixos e maiores alteraçöes da funçäo pulmonar do que os controles. Tabagismo, idade e altura foram controlados por ajustamento. Metade dos expostos era fumantes e 28 por cento, ex-fumantes. Concluímos que a poeira de gräos tem efeito nocivo sobre as variaçöes respiratórias estudadas em trabalhadores expostos