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Human rabies has been described by various cultures in many countries around the world. Gabriel García Márquez's novel Of love and other demons recounts the story of a girl who, in colonial Colombia in the 18th century, was bitten by a rabid dog. This paper aims to review the general status of the disease in Colombia and interweave it with García Márquez's book. Developed countries have successfully controlled dog-mediated rabies virus transmission, whereas in some countries in Latin America wildlife and canine rabies are still an issue. Our approach suggests that although the measures that have been taken to mitigate dog-transmitted rabies have worked well in most parts of the world, greater efforts are required to control sylvatic rabies transmitted by bats or other mammals, as occurs in Colombia. Since developing countries are the most affected by the disease at present, transdisciplinary commitment between human and veterinary sectors is necessary to fight against rabies virus transmission.

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Dmitri Shostakovich was one of the greatest composers of 20th century, famous for his piano and violin compositions. One of the compositions, the 5th symphony, is arguably his greatest work, which brought him back to the grace of the Soviet authorities in a moment of a political crisis in Russia. Among the experts, there is a theory which supports that Shostakovich's talent was due to a traumatic brain injury involving a shrapnel. Moreover, he might have suffered from a neurodegenerative process throughout his life. In this paper, we intend to discuss these viewpoints.

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PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review the scientific evidence and describe the ocular treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) related to pharmacological treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis. METHODS: A systematic review of literature was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines in the MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases. Articles were filtered based on title and abstract considering the selection criteria and subsequently filtered by full-text reading. The resulting articles were evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Tools. Study characteristics and results were extracted and presented in structured tables to conduct a narrative synthesis. RESULTS: A total of 2852 published articles were extracted using our strategy. After removing duplicates, 2841 articles were screened based on title and abstract, 102 articles were evaluated using quality tools, and 69 articles were filtered by full-text reading. Through this search strategy, 60 articles met all the inclusion criteria and seven articles, through a search update conducted in the same manner, were included. This resulted in 67 articles meeting the inclusion criteria, of which 11 were experimental and 56 were observational. The therapies related to ocular TEAEs were alemtuzumab, amantadine, fingolimod, steroids, CTLA-4 Ig, estriol, interferon ß, natalizumab, hyperbaric oxygen, rituximab, siponimod, teriflunomide, and tovaxin. Fingolimod and siponimod were commonly associated with macular edema, interferon ß was associated with retinopathy, alemtuzumab was associated with thyroid eye disease, amantadine was associated with corneal edema, and steroids were associated with acute retinal necrosis. Opportunistic infections were also found, and there was one life-threatening case. CONCLUSIONS: Our search revealed different methodological assessments of the topic. However, longitudinal studies regarding ocular TEAEs related to multiple sclerosis therapy are necessary to provide evidence-based recommendations, especially in understudied regions such as Latin America and Africa. Physicians should monitor ocular symptoms in patients being treated for multiple sclerosis and consider an interdisciplinary approach. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO ID CRD42020106886.

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Abstract Dmitri Shostakovich was one of the greatest composers of 20th century, famous for his piano and violin compositions. One of the compositions, the 5th symphony, is arguably his greatest work, which brought him back to the grace of the Soviet authorities in a moment of a political crisis in Russia. Among the experts, there is a theory which supports that Shostakovich's talent was due to a traumatic brain injury involving a shrapnel. Moreover, he might have suffered from a neurodegenerative process throughout his life. In this paper, we intend to discuss these viewpoints.

RESUMEN Dmitri Shostakovich fue uno de los más renombrados compositores del siglo XX, famoso por sus obras para violín y piano. Su Quinta Sinfonía, es para muchos su obra más importante. Esta pieza le trajo gran simpatía con las autoridades militares en un momento de crisis en la Unión Soviética. Entre opiniones de expertos, existe una teoría que postula que el talento de Shostakovich es secundario a un trauma craneoencefálico producido por herida de metralla. También se cree que pudo haber sufrido de un proceso neurodegenerativo. Nuestra intención en el presente artículo es discutir estos puntos de vista.

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RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: La neurofibromatosis (enfermedad de von Recklinghausen) es una enfermedad autosómica dominante que presenta principalmente manifestaciones cutáneas y neurológicas. El objetivo es describir actualmente si existe o no relación entre las mutaciones encontradas en los pacientes con neurofibromatosis tipo 1 y las características clínicas que presentan. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un artículo de revisión narrativa para evaluar la relación con el genotipo y fenotipo de los pacientes con neurofibromatosis tipo 1. Se revisaron las bases de datos PubMed, Embase y Lilacs. Se utilizaron los siguientes términos Mesh: Neurofibromatosis, neurofibromatosis tipo 1, genes, genotipo, fenotipo, mutaciones, secuenciación de exoma. Los estudios identificados fueron revisados y analizados. Se presentan los datos de manera cualitativa. RESULTADOS: De 425 artículos, 62 contenían la información necesaria para hacer el análisis. A pesar de que algunos estudios han presentado evidencia de asociación en relación a las mutaciones encontradas y la clínica, realmente no existe una correlación genotipo-fenotipo comprobada en neurofibromatosis tipo 1. Esto sugiere que para los fenotipos discordantes con genotipo similar existen otros factores que deben considerarse tales como la epigenética, alteraciones genéticas o incluso factores ambientales. CONCLUSIONES: Es necesario realizar estudios con cohortes más grande de pacientes para seguir estudiando si existe una relación directa o no.

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen disease) is an autosomal dominant disease that mainly presents cutaneous and neurological manifestations. The objective is to describe if there is a relationship between the mutations found in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 and the clinical characteristics they present. METHODS: A narrative review of the literature was carried out in relation to the genotype and phenotype of patients with Neurofibromatosis type 1 using PubMed, Embase, and Lilacs. The following Mesh terms were used: Neurofibromatosis, neurofibromatosis type 1, genes, genotype, phenotype, mutations, exome sequencing. The identified studies were reviewed and analyzed. Data are presented qualitatively RESULTS: Of 425 articles, 62 contained the information necessary to make the analysis. Although some studies have presented evidence of association in relation to the mutations found and the clinical one, there is still no proven genotype-phenotype correlation in neurofibromatosis type 1. This suggests that, for discordant phenotypes with a similar genotype, there are other factors that must be considered such as epigenetics, genetic alterations or even environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to perform studies with larger cohort of patients to continue studying whether there is a direct relationship or not.

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Jacqueline du Pré was a British cellist, famous for her masterful interpretations and her passionate style of playing. Her outstanding musical career was, unfortunately, cut short by multiple sclerosis. In the present paper, we conduct a historical and medical analysis of her life story, discussing a few aspects regarding her illness and treatment options available at the time of her diagnosis.