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With the rising momentum according to the environmentalist voices seeking climate justice for more equity and the importance of encouraging environmental justice mechanisms and tools, in this perspective, the objective of this study is to analyze in depth the substantial role of natural resources abundance in the environmental inequality issue. For this purpose, this study adopted the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), LightGBM, Natural Gradient Boosting (NGBoost), Hybrid hybrid upper confidence bound-long short-term memory-Genetic Algorithm (UCB-LSTM-GA), and the Shapley Additive Explanation (SAE) machine learning algorithms in the context of 21 emerging economies spanning the years 2001 to 2019. The empirical results reveal that natural resource abundance, foreign trade, and foreign direct investment inflows contribute all to higher levels of environmental inequality. However, higher levels of per capita income, gross fixed capital formation, and institutional quality contribute to lower levels of environmental inequality. Addressing climate justice holistically through an integrated supranational vision is significant since every step taken toward eradicating environmental racism matters.

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Using monthly data, this article examines the influence of Covid-19 on poverty, inequality, well-being, and environmental quality for a sample of 14 African economies from 2018 to 2020. To do so, we employ a GMM approach to look at the influence of the pandemic on achieving the SDGs in Africa. According to our empirical findings, the pandemic significantly impacts poverty and pollution levels. The results show also that the pandemic coefficient considerably influences the inequality proxy. Due to social exclusion and inequities, these economies must embrace an integrated socio-economic vision to overcome the multi-faceted pandemic externalities and build more resilient economies..

Cet article analyse l'effet de la COVID-19 sur la pauvreté, l'inégalité, le bien-être, et la qualité de l'environnement pour un échantillon de 14 économies Africaines pendant la période 2018­2020, à l'aide de données mensuelles. On utilise la méthode des moments généralisés (en anglais, « generalised method of moments¼, GMM) afin d'analyser l'effet de la pandémie sur la réalisation des Objectifs de Développement Durable (en anglais, « Sustainable Development Goals¼, SDG) en Afrique. Selon nos résultats empiriques, la pandémie a entraîné une répercussion significative sur la pauvreté et les niveaux de pollution. Les résultats montrent aussi que le coefficient pandémique influence significativement l'indice d'inégalité. À cause des exclusions sociales et des iniquités, ces économies doivent adopter une vision socio-économique intégré, afin de surmonter les externalités multiformes de la pandémie, et pour construire des économies plus résilients.

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The climate change issue becomes more challenging with the increasing pace of urbanization in Africa. For this purpose, we attempt to examine the relationship urbanization and CO2 emissions by applying the panel smooth transition regression model for 47 African countries during the spanning time 1990-2014. Our results reveal that the nexus between urbanization and CO2 emissions is non-linear. Our highlights recorded a monotonic nexus confirming the existence of the EKC hypothesis for the urbanization. In addition, our empirical results determine the threshold of the transition which takes the value of 42.01. Moreover, the estimated slope parameter implies that the nexus between urbanization and CO2 emissions smoothly switches from one regime to another regime but relatively rapid. Hence, it is extremely important to understand this nexus to take seriously climate change vulnerabilities. Indeed, the African economies are invited to establish efficiently the low-carbon and reduce the spatial heterogeneity to generate the green development path and provide effective structures for a platform for sustainable cities.

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