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Background: As hypertensive heart disease (HHD) presents a significant public health challenge globally, we analysed its global, regional, and national burdens and trends from 1990 to 2019. Methods: We used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study, focussing on the age-standardised prevalence rates (ASPRs) of HHD prevalence, age-standardised disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates, average annual percentage change (AAPC), and risk factor attributions. We compared the HHD burden across sociodemographic index (SDI) strata, gender, age groups, and 204 countries and territories. Results: In 2019, the global prevalence of HHD was estimated at 18 598 thousand cases, with DALYs reaching 21 508 thousand. From 1990 to 2019, the ASPRs increased (AAPC = 0.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.17, 0.24), while the age-standardised DALY rates decreased (AAPC = -0.45; 95% CI = -1.23, -0.93). We observed the highest increase in ASPRs in high-middle SDI quantile countries, and an overall negative correlation between age-standardised DALY rates and SDI. Individuals above 70 years of age were the most affected, particularly elderly women. There has been a significant increase in HHD burden attributed to high body mass index (BMI) since 1990. The burden of HHD is concentrated in the middle SDI quintile, with population ageing and growth being major drivers for the increase in DALYs. We identified opportunities for reducing age-standardised DALY rates in the middle SDI quintile or lower. Conclusion: Despite a declining trend in the age-standardised DALY rates, the ASPRs of HHD continue to rise, especially in high-middle SDI regions. Meanwhile, countries in middle and lower SDI quintiles face a higher burden of age-standardised DALY rates. Targeted attention towards elderly women and controlling high BMI, alongside enhancing hypertension and HHD management awareness, is crucial for reducing the global burden of HHD.

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The presence of thiocyanate (SCN-) in irrigation water has adverse effects on both plant growth and crop output. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important gaseous signaling molecule that can alleviate SCN- stress. Flavonoids are secondary compounds produced by plants and are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. They play important roles in several physiological and biochemical processes. To investigate the effect of exogenous H2S on the growth of early rice plants under SCN- stress, we carried out a hydroponic experiment focusing on the interaction of exogenous H2S with flavonoids. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate the behavior of SCN- when subjected to varying effective doses (EC20: 24.0 mg/L; EC50: 96.0 mg/L; and EC75: 300.0 mg/L). The findings indicated that the relative growth rate (RGR) of the plants treated with H2S + SCN- was greater than that of the plants treated with SCN- alone. Higher amounts of flavonoids were detected in the shoots than in the roots, with more variability in the shoots. The early warning level results showed that most of the flavonoids were present at levels I and II, while quercetin was present at level IV. Genetic expression variation factor (GEVF) analyses revealed an increase in the quantity of "promoter genes" with increasing SCN- concentration in both rice tissues. Furthermore, administering external H2S while exposing rice tissues to SCN- resulted in a considerable decrease in the levels of reactive oxygen species. This study provides novel insights into the regulation of flavonoid levels in rice plants by exogenous H2S, facilitating enhanced resistance to SCN- stress and promoting sustainable agriculture.

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BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and CVD is a major challenge for cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and association of MetS and CVD among adult cancer patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included cancer patients aged > 18 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018. The prevalence of MetS and CVD was calculated using weighted analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between MetS and CVD. RESULTS: The study included 2658 adult cancer patients, of whom 1260 exhibited MetS and 636 had CVD. The weighted prevalence of MetS and CVD in cancer patients was 45.44%, and 19.23%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed a 79% increased risk in higher CVD prevalence in cancer patients with MetS, with the OR (95% CI) of 1.79 (1.31, 2.44). Notably, obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP), high glucose, and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the MetS components were significantly associated with higher CVD prevalence after adjusting for covariates. Moreover, the risk of CVD prevalence in cancer patients increased with more MetS components. Notably, MetS was more strongly linked to CVD in patients aged < 65 and women. CONCLUSIONS: Among adult cancer patients, over two-fifths (45.44%) were estimated to have MetS, while about one-fifth (19.23%) were considered to have CVD. Notably, obesity, elevated BP, high glucose, low HDL-C, and higher number of MetS components were found to be significantly associated with higher CVD prevalence among cancer adults. Cancer patients under 65 and women with MetS may be at increased risk of CVD.

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Subsoil stores the majority of soil organic carbon (SOC), and plays a vital role in the global carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems and in regulating climate change. Response of SOC decomposition to temperature warming (TR) is a crucial parameter to predict SOC dynamics under global warming. However, it remains unknown how TR varies across the whole soil profile and responds to exogenous C and N inputs. To assess this, we designed a novel incubation system to measure SOC-derived CO2 efflux across the whole soil column (i.e., 60 cm length), allowing manual addition of 13C-labeled glucose and ammonium nitrate, and incubated it under ambient or warmed temperatures (+4 °C). We found that C addition significantly increased TR in 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm by 64.3 %, 68.1 % and 57.2 %, respectively. However, the combined addition of C and N decreased TR by 11.1 % - 15.3 % compared to without anything addition (CK) in the whole soil profile. The effect of N on TR ranged from -22.8 % to -40.4 % in the whole soil profile, and was significantly lower in topsoil than in subsoil. Furthermore, sole N addition significantly promoted TR compared to CK by 79.0 % and 94.7 % in 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm subsoil, only 9.8 % in 0-20 cm topsoil. These results together suggested that TR is sensitive to increasing C availability in the whole soil profile and increasing N availability in 20-60 cm subsoil. Random forest model indicated that soil enzyme activities (explained 21.3 % of the variance) and DOC (explained 11.1 % of the variance) dominantly governed TR in topsoil, but N availability displayed a predominant control of TR in subsoil. Overall, our results suggested that increased C and N availability under climate warming scenarios could further increase the risk of carbon loss especially in subsoil with substrate deficiency, but labile C (e.g., root exudation) input under climate warming and N enrichment could reduce SOC decomposition and benefit for C sequestration by decreasing TR.

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Exposure to environmental BaP or its metabolite BPDE causes trophoblast cell dysfunctions to induce miscarriage (abnormal early embryo loss), which might be generally regulated by lncRNAs. IL1B, a critical inflammatory cytokine, is closely associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, whether IL1B might cause dysfunctions of BaP/BPDE-exposed trophoblast cells to induce miscarriage, as well as its specific epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, is completely unexplored. In this study, we find that BPDE-DNA adducts, trophoblast cell dysfunctions, and miscarriage are closely associated. Moreover, we also identify a novel lnc-HZ06 and IL1B, both of which are highly expressed in BPDE-exposed trophoblast cells, in villous tissues of recurrent miscarriage patients, and in placental tissues of BaP-exposed mice with miscarriage. Both lnc-HZ06 and IL1B suppress trophoblast cell migration/invasion and increase apoptosis. In mechanism, lnc-HZ06 promotes STAT4-mediated IL1B mRNA transcription, enhances IL1B mRNA stability by promoting the formation of METTL3/HuR/IL1B mRNA ternary complex, and finally up-regulates IL1B expression levels. BPDE exposure promotes TBP-mediated lnc-HZ06 transcription, and thus up-regulates IL1B levels. Knockdown of either murine lnc-hz06 (which down-regulates Il1b levels) or murine Il1b could alleviate miscarriage in BaP-exposed mice. Collectively, this study not only discovers novel biological mechanisms and pathogenesis of unexplained miscarriage but also provides novel potential targets for treatment against BaP/BPDE-induced miscarriage.

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Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading etiological agent causing the worldwide outbreaks of acute epidemic non-bacterial gastroenteritis. Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are commonly acknowledged as cellular receptors or co-receptors for HuNoVs. However, certain genotypes of HuNoVs cannot bind with any HBGAs, suggesting potential additional co-factors and attachment receptors have not been identified yet. In addition, food items, such as oysters and lettuce, play an important role in the transmission of HuNoVs. In the past decade, a couple of attachment factors other than HBGAs have been identified and analyzed from foods and microbiomes. Attachment factors exhibit potential as inhibitors of viral binding to receptors on host cells. Therefore, it is imperative to further characterize the attachment factors for HuNoVs present in foods to effectively control the spread of HuNoVs within the food chain. This review summarizes the potential attachment factors/receptors of HuNoVs in humans, foods, and microbiome.

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With the rapid development of micro/nano machining, there is an elevated demand for high-performance microdevices with high reliability and low cost. Due to their outstanding electrochemical, optical, electrical, and mechanical performance, carbon materials are extensively utilized in constructing microdevices for energy storage, sensing, and optoelectronics. Carbon micro/nano machining is fundamental in carbon-based intelligent microelectronics, multifunctional integrated microsystems, high-reliability portable/wearable consumer electronics, and portable medical diagnostic systems. Despite numerous reviews on carbon materials, a comprehensive overview is lacking that systematically encapsulates the development of high-performance microdevices based on carbon micro/nano structures, from structural design to manufacturing strategies and specific applications. This review focuses on the latest progress in carbon micro/nano machining toward miniaturized device, including structural engineering, large-scale fabrication, and performance optimization. Especially, the review targets an in-depth evaluation of carbon-based micro energy storage devices, microsensors, microactuators, miniaturized photoresponsive and electromagnetic interference shielding devices. Moreover, it highlights the challenges and opportunities in the large-scale manufacturing of carbon-based microdevices, aiming to spark further exciting research directions and application prospectives.

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In this study, we employed a combination approach for the preparative separation of constituents from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves. It involved multi-stage solvent extractions utilizing two-phase multi-solvent systems and countercurrent chromatography (CCC) separations using three different solvent systems. The n-heptane/ethyl acetate/water (1:1:2, v/v) and n-heptane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (HepEMWat, 7:3:7:3, v/v) solvent systems were screened out as extraction systems. The polarities of the upper and lower phases in the multi-solvent systems were adjustable, enabling the effectively segmented separation of complex constituents in G. biloba L. The segmented products were subsequently directly utilized as samples and separated using CCC with the solvent systems acetate/n-butanol/water (4:1:5, v/v), HepEMWat (5:5:5:5, v/v), and HepEMWat (9:1:9:1, v/v), respectively. As a result, a total of 11 compounds were successfully isolated and identified from a 2 g methanol extract of G. biloba L through two-stage extraction and three CCC separation processes; among them, nine compounds exhibited high-performance liquid chromatography purity exceeding 85%.

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BACKGROUND: The occurrence, development, and outbreak of tea diseases and pests pose a significant challenge to the quality and yield of tea, necessitating prompt identification and control measures. Given the vast array of tea diseases and pests, coupled with the intricacies of the tea planting environment, accurate and rapid diagnosis remains elusive. In addressing this issue, the present study investigates the utilization of transfer learning convolution neural networks for the identification of tea diseases and pests. Our objective is to facilitate the accurate and expeditious detection of diseases and pests affecting the Yunnan Big leaf kind of tea within its complex ecological niche. RESULTS: Initially, we gathered 1878 image data encompassing 10 prevalent types of tea diseases and pests from complex environments within tea plantations, compiling a comprehensive dataset. Additionally, we employed data augmentation techniques to enrich the sample diversity. Leveraging the ImageNet pre-trained model, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation and identified the Xception architecture as the most effective model. Notably, the integration of an attention mechanism within the Xeption model did not yield improvements in recognition performance. Subsequently, through transfer learning and the freezing core strategy, we achieved a test accuracy rate of 98.58% and a verification accuracy rate of 98.2310%. CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes signify a significant stride towards accurate and timely detection, holding promise for enhancing the sustainability and productivity of Yunnan tea. Our findings provide a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for the development of online detection technologies for tea diseases and pests in Yunnan.

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Sulfadiazine (SDZ) is frequently detected in environmental samples, arousing much concern due to its toxicity and hard degradation. This study investigated the electricity generation capabilities, SDZ removal and microbial communities of a highly efficient mixed-culture system using repeated transfer enrichments in a bio-electrochemical system. The mixed-culture biofilm (S160-T2) produced a remarkable current density of 954.12 ± 15.08 µA cm-2 with 160 mg/L SDZ, which was 32.9 and 1.8 times higher than that of Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA with 40 mg/L SDZ and without additional SDZ, respectively. Especially, the impressive SDZ removal rate of 98.76 ± 0.79% was achieved within 96 h using the further acclimatized mixed-culture. The removal efficiency of this mixed-culture for SDZ through the bio-electrochemical system was 1.1 times higher than that using simple anaerobic biodegradation. Furthermore, the current density and removal efficiency in this system gradually decreased with increasing SDZ concentrations from 0 to 800 mg/L. In addition, community diversity data demonstrated that the dominant genera, Geobacter and Escherichia-Shigella, were enriched in mixed-culture biofilm, which might be responsible for the current production and SDZ removal. This work confirmed the important roles of acclimatized microbial consortia and co-substrates in the simultaneous removal of SDZ and electricity generation in an electrochemical system.

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We introduce a notion of local level spacings and study their statistics within a random-matrix-theory approach. In the limit of infinite-dimensional random matrices, we determine universal sequences of mean local spacings and of their ratios which uniquely identify the global symmetries of a quantum system and its internal-chaotic or regular-dynamics. These findings, which offer a new framework to monitor single- and many-body quantum systems, are corroborated by numerical experiments performed for zeros of the Riemann zeta function, spectra of irrational rectangular billiards, and many-body spectra of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev Hamiltonians.

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PURPOSE: To validate the Graves ophthalmopathy quality of life (GO-QOL) questionnaire in screening DON and to construct an effective model. METHODS: A total of 194 GO patients were recruited and divided into DON and non-DON (mild and moderate-to-severe) groups. Eye examinations were performed, and quality of life was assessed by the GO-QOL questionnaire. The random forest, decision tree model, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, accuracy and Brier score were determined by R software. RESULTS: In GO-QOL, age, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), exophthalmos, CAS, severity, and Gorman score were found to be factors related to visual function scores. On the appearance scale, gender, duration of GO, BCVA, exophthalmos, CAS and severity of GO were relevant. Both the visual function scores and appearance scores were significantly lower in DON groups than in non-DON groups (33.18 ± 24.54 versus 81.26 ± 17.39, 60.08 ± 24.82 versus 76.14 ± 27.56). The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of the visual function scores were 91.1%, 81.7% and 0.939, respectively Visual function scores were used to construct a decision tree model. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of the model were 92.9%, 88.0% and 0.941, respectively, with an accuracy of 89.7% and a Brier score of 0.024. CONCLUSIONS: Visual function scores were qualified as a screening method for DON, with a cutoff point of 58. A multifactorial screening model based on visual function scores was constructed.

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Covalent organic frameworks have attracted considerable attention in recent years as a distinct class of crystalline porous organic materials. Their functional properties are inherently linked to their structural characteristics. Although hundreds of COFs have been reported so far, the types of their topologic structure are still limited. In this article, we report the identification of mcm topology for three porphyrin-based two-dimensional COFs, which are constructed from [4 + 4] imine condensation reactions. The mcm net is generated by pentagonal tiling, which has not been identified for COFs before. The structure of the COFs is elucidated by a variety of experimental characterization and structural simulations, by which their reticular frameworks exclusively composed of pentagonal pores have been confirmed. Moreover, the COFs exhibit high performance in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water, with the best one up to 10.0 mmol g-1 h-1 after depositing 0.76 wt% Pt as a co-catalyst. This study identifies mcm topology for COFs for the first time and highlights the potential of these COFs as promising photocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production from water.

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Muscles play an indispensable role in human life. Surface electromyography (sEMG), as a non-invasive method, is crucial for monitoring muscle status. It is characterized by its real-time, portable nature and is extensively utilized in sports and rehabilitation sciences. This study proposed a wireless acquisition system based on multi-channel sEMG for objective monitoring of grip force. The system consists of an sEMG acquisition module containing four-channel discrete terminals and a host computer receiver module, using Bluetooth wireless transmission. The system is portable, wearable, low-cost, and easy to operate. Leveraging the system, an experiment for grip force prediction was designed, employing the bald eagle search (BES) algorithm to enhance the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. This approach established a grip force prediction model based on dual-channel sEMG signals. As tested, the performance of acquisition terminal proceeded as follows: the gain was up to 1125 times, and the common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) remained high in the sEMG signal band range (96.94 dB (100 Hz), 84.12 dB (500 Hz)), while the performance of the grip force prediction algorithm had an R2 of 0.9215, an MAE of 1.0637, and an MSE of 1.7479. The proposed system demonstrates excellent performance in real-time signal acquisition and grip force prediction, proving to be an effective muscle status monitoring tool for rehabilitation, training, disease condition surveillance and scientific fitness applications.

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BACKGROUND: The incidence of clinically avoidable enteral nutrition interruptions is high. ICU nurses, as the implementers and monitors of enteral nutrition, have a close relationship between their cognitive level of enteral nutrition interruption and the incidence of enteral nutrition interruption. The level of ICU nurses' cognition of enteral nutrition interruption and the key factors influencing the level of ICU nurses' cognition of enteral nutrition interruption are not known. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the cognitive level of ICU nurses on enteral nutrition interruption and delve into the key factors that affect their cognitive level from the perspective of management. DESIGN: A sequential explanatory mixed methods research design was used. METHODS: With the convenience sampling method, an online survey questionnaire was distributed to ICU nurses in Chongqing, and 336 valid questionnaires were collected. After the survey, ICU managers were invited to participate in qualitative interviews, in which 10 participants from five hospitals completed face-to-face individual semi-structured interviews and were analyzed with thematic analysis. RESULTS: The survey found that ICU nurses had a good level of cognition towards enteral nutrition interruption but poor knowledge about the definition, causes, and consequences of enteral nutrition interruption, as well as negative attitudes toward active learning, assessment, and communication. And the longer work time in the ICU, joining the nutrition team, receiving systematic training, and acquiring relevant knowledge from academic journals more frequently were favorable to improving ICU nurses' knowledge level of enteral nutrition interruption. Personal interviews further identified the key factors affecting their cognitive level, including (1) lack of knowledge, (2) lack of proactive thinking, (3) lack of enteral nutrition management programs, and (4) lack of quality management tools for enteral nutrition interruption. CONCLUSION: Although ICU nurses demonstrate a relatively high level of cognition, there is still room for improvement. ICU administrators must take specific measures to improve the knowledge of ICU nurses, especially in non-tertiary hospitals, in order to prevent nurse-induced enteral nutrition interruption in all ICUs and improve medical quality. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.

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Abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is associated with the dysfunctions of human trophoblast cells and the occurrence of miscarriage (abnormal early embryo loss). BBC3/PUMA (BCL2 binding component 3) plays significant roles in regulation of cell apoptosis. However, whether specific lncRNAs might regulate BBC3 in trophoblast cells and further induce apoptosis and miscarriage remains completely unclear. Through screening, we identified a novel lnc-HZ12, which was significantly highly expressed in villous tissues of recurrent miscarriage (RM) patients relative to their healthy control (HC) group. Lnc-HZ12 suppressed chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) degradation of BBC3, promoted trophoblast cell apoptosis, and was associated with miscarriage. In mechanism, lnc-HZ12 downregulated the expression levels of chaperone molecules HSPA8 and LAMP2A in trophoblast cells. Meanwhile, lnc-HZ12 (mainly lnc-HZ12-SO2 region in F2 fragment) and HSPA8 competitively bound with the 169RVLYNL174 patch on BBC3, which prevented BBC3 from interactions with HSPA8 and impaired the formation of BBC3-HSPA8-LAMP2A complex for CMA degradation of BBC3. Thus, lnc-HZ12 upregulated the BBC3-CASP9-CASP3 pathway and induced trophoblast cell apoptosis. In villous tissues, lnc-HZ12 was highly expressed, CMA degradation of BBC3 was suppressed, and the apoptosis levels were higher in RM vs HC villous tissues, all of which were associated with miscarriage. Interestingly, knockdown of murine Bbc3 could efficiently suppress placental apoptosis and alleviate miscarriage in a mouse miscarriage model. Taken together, our results indicated that lnc-HZ12 and BBC3 played important roles in trophoblast cell apoptosis and miscarriage and might act as attractive targets for miscarriage treatment.Abbreviation: 7-AAD: 7-aminoactinomycin D; BaP: benzopyrene; BBC3/PUMA: BCL2 binding component 3; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; CHX: cycloheximide; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CQ: chloroquine; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HC: healthy control; HSPA8: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; IP: immunoprecipitation; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; LncRNA: long non-coding RNA; mRNA: messenger RNA; MT: mutant-type; NC: negative control; NSO: nonspecific oligonucleotide; PARP1: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; RIP: RNA immunoprecipitation; RM: recurrent miscarriage; TBP: TATA-box binding protein; WT: wild-type.

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BACKGROUND: Early and appropriate antibiotic treatment improves the clinical outcome of patients with sepsis. There is an urgent need for rapid identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of bacteria that cause bloodstream infection (BSI). Rapid ID and AST can be achieved by short-term incubation on solid medium of positive blood cultures using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) and the BD M50 system. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of rapid method compared to traditional method. METHODS: A total of 124 mono-microbial samples were collected. Positive blood culture samples were short-term incubated on blood agar plates and chocolate agar plates for 5 ∼ 7 h, and the rapid ID and AST were achieved through Zybio EXS2000 MS and BD M50 System, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with the traditional 24 h culture for ID, this rapid method can shorten the cultivation time to 5 ∼ 7 h. Accurate organism ID was achieved in 90.6% of Gram-positive bacteria (GP), 98.5% of Gram-negative bacteria (GN), and 100% of fungi. The AST resulted in the 98.5% essential agreement (EA) and 97.1% category agreements (CA) in NMIC-413, 99.4% EA and 98.9% CA in PMIC-92, 100% both EA and CA in SMIC-2. Besides, this method can be used for 67.2% (264/393) of culture bottles during routine work. The mean turn-around time (TAT) for obtaining final results by conventional method is approximately 72.6 ± 10.5 h, which is nearly 24 h longer than the rapid method. CONCLUSIONS: The newly described method is expected to provide faster and reliable ID and AST results, making it an important tool for rapid management of blood cultures (BCs). In addition, this rapid method can be used to process most positive blood cultures, enabling patients to receive rapid and effective treatment.

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Complex morphologies in nature often arise from the assembly of elemental building blocks, leading to diverse and intricate structures. Understanding the mechanisms that govern the formation of these complex morphologies remains a significant challenge. In particular, the edge-base plate growth of biogenic crystals plays a crucial role in directing the development of intricate bioskeleton morphologies. However, the factors and regulatory processes that govern edge-base plate growth remain insufficiently understood. Inspired by biological skeletons and based on the soluble property of boric acid (BA) in both water and alcohols, we obtained a series of novel BA morphologies, including coccolith, and anemone biological skeletons. Here, we unveil the "inscribed circle effect", a concise mathematical model that reveals the underlying causative factors and regulatory mechanisms driving edge-base plate growth. Our findings illuminate how variations in solvent environments can exert control over the edge-base plate growth pathways, thereby resulting in the formation of diverse and complex morphologies. This understanding holds significant potential for guiding the chemical synthesis of bioskeleton materials.

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Subsoil (below 20 cm), storing over 50 % of soil organics carbon (SOC) within the 1 m depth, plays a critical role in regulating climate and ecosystem function. However, little was known on the changes in SOC decomposition induced by exogenous C input (i.e., priming effect) across the whole soil profile under nitrogen (N) enrichment and climate warming. We designed an incubation system of soil columns with minor physical disturbance, which allows the manual additions of exogenous C and N and incubation under ambient or elevated temperature. A negative priming effect by glucose was observed in all layers of ambient soil, while the negative priming effect was enhanced by soil depth but inhibited by warming. Nitrogen addition shifted the priming effect from negative to positive under ambient temperature, and decreased the magnitude of negative priming effect under elevated temperature. Nitrogen uplift effect on priming effect was more pronounced in subsoil compared to topsoil, while this effect diminished with rising temperature. Soil microbial activity (e.g., the CO2 production within 3 days) and acid phosphatase activity had important roles in regulating the variations in priming effect across the soil profile. Our results indicated that increase in labile substrate (e.g., exogenous C input) input would not lead to native SOC destabilization in subsoil, N addition shifted the priming effect from negative to positive, increasing the SOC decomposition under ambient temperature, while labile C input together with N addition benefited SOC sequestration by inducing negative priming effects in forest soil under warming climate.

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Introduction: Laiza and nearby areas (LNA) in Myanmar are identified as the primary malaria hotspots in the bordering regions of Yunnan Province, China. Methods: Six sentinel surveillance sites were established at the China-Myanmar border in LNA to monitor malaria. Data from 2019 was used as a baseline to analyze malaria incidence and trends in LNA and Myanmar, as well as the importation of malaria cases into China from 2019 to 2023. Results: Plasmodium vivax was the predominant species, representing 99.95% (14,060/14,066) of confirmed malaria cases in LNA. A total of 8,356 malaria cases were identified in 2023, with an annual parasite incidence (API) of 19.78 per 100 person-years. Compared to 2019, the incidence rate ratio was 21.47 (95% confidence interval: 18.84, 24.48), indicating that the API in 2023 was 21.47 times higher than that in 2019. In Yunnan, out of 1,016 reported cases, 545 imported cases (53.64%) originated from LNA and spread to 18 (13.95%) out of 129 counties. Ten provinces in China, including Yunnan, reported imported malaria cases from LNA in Myanmar. Conclusions: The increase in population, particularly among internally displaced persons, along with inadequate healthcare services, has led to a notable resurgence of malaria in LNA. This resurgence poses a risk to preventing the re-emergence of malaria transmission in China. There is an urgent need for novel collaborative policies, as well as financial and technical assistance, to enhance malaria control efforts in LNA, Myanmar.