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Imrecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), was discovered via the balanced inhibition strategy of COX-1/COX-2. It is indicated for the relief of painful symptoms of osteoarthritis. There have been some pharmacological and therapeutic advances since the approval of imrecoxib in 2011. However, an update review in this aspect is not yet available. Relevant literature until January 2024 was identified by search of PubMed, Web of science, Embase and CNKI. From the perspective of efficacy, imrecoxib provides relief of osteoarthritis symptoms, and potential off-label use for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, perioperative pain, hand-foot syndrome, axial spondyloarthritis, COVID-19, cartilage injury, and malignancies such as lung and colon cancer. From a safety point of view, imrecoxib showed adverse effects common to NSAIDs; however, it has lower incidence of new-onset hypertension than other types of selective COX-2 inhibitors, less gastrointestinal toxicities than non-selective NSAIDs, weaker risk of drug interaction than celecoxib, and more suitable for elderly patients due to balanced inhibition of COX-1/COX-2. From a pharmacoeconomic perspective, imrecoxib is more cost-effective than celecoxib and diclofenac for osteoarthritis patients. With the deepening of the disease pathophysiology study of osteoarthritis, new therapeutic schemes and pharmacological mechanisms are constantly discovered. In the field of osteoarthritis treatment, mechanisms other than the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of COX-2 inhibitors are also being explored. Taken together, imrecoxib is a moderate selective COX-2 inhibitor with some advantages, and there would be more clinical applications and research opportunities in the future.

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Maize kernels are complex biological systems composed of three genetic sources, namely maternal tissues, progeny embryos, and progeny endosperms. The lack of gene expression profiles with spatial information has limited the understanding of the specific functions of each cell population, and hindered the exploration of superior genes in kernels. In our study, we conduct microscopic sectioning and spatial transcriptomics analysis during the grain filling stage of maize kernels. This enables us to visualize the expression patterns of all genes through electronical RNA in situ hybridization, and identify 11 cell populations and 332 molecular marker genes. Furthermore, we systematically elucidate the spatial storage mechanisms of the three major substances in maize kernels: starch, protein, and oil. These findings provide valuable insights into the functional genes that control agronomic traits in maize kernels.

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AIM: The study aimed to translate and adapt the traditional Chinese Food Allergy Quality of Life-Parental Burden Questionnaire (TC-FAQL-PB) into simplified Chinese language and determine the validity and reliability of the translated version. DESIGN: A methodologic study design involving instrument translation and psychometric evaluation was used for the present study. METHODS: The simplified Chinese FAQL-PB (SC-FAQL-PB) was developed following Guillemin's guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation. A convenience sample of 230 participants was recruited. The psychometric properties were examined using internal consistency, test-retest reliability, item discrimination, content validity and construct validity. RESULTS: The values of I-CVI ranged from 0.83 to 1.00. The CFA model revealed that the study supported the two-factor model. The questionnaire had good internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.946. The item-total correlation values ranged from 0.707 to 0.866. Test-retest reliability showed that the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.926 (95% CI, 0.830-0.968).

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The karst depression with a natural negative landform is favorable for reservoir construction with less excavation work. The underground air-water pressure would be complicated after the construction of a reservoir that blocks the natural air-water channel (sinkhole, karst channel, etc.). To develop a monitoring system for the reservoir, a large-scale laboratory simulation test was carried out to study the air-pressure evolution and water migration process during water table fluctuation after the blockage of the sinkhole in a karst depression. The results are as follows. (1) The positive pressure jacking effect and the negative pressure sucking effect were observed in the karst channel and inside the model during groundwater table fluctuation. (2) A water imbibition test on the rock-like material was carried out with layered resistivity and layered NMR measurement. The relationship of resistivity and water saturation was developed based on Archie's equation. (3) The resistivity evolution during the test was monitored using the high-density electronic resistivity imaging method. The resistivity of the measured profile was sensitive to the variation of the water level, and the water migration process was quantified by the resistivity to water saturation conversion. (4) The suitability of many techniques for monitoring a reservoir built on the karst depression was discussed. The resistivity monitoring technique combined with the air-water pressure monitoring technique could provide useful information for safety and reliability assessment.

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Despite some advances in the study of radiation injuries, effective methods of prevention and treatment of severe acute radiation syndrome or illness (ARS) are still lacking. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the biological characteristics associated with high dose radiation is essential to reveal the mechanisms underlying the varied biological processes following high dose radiation and the development of novel potent radioprotective agents. In the present study, plasma metabolic characteristics were investigated using hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients (n = 36) undergoing total body ionizing irradiation (TBI) utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Plasma was collected pre-irradiation, 3 days after completion of fractionated radiation therapy with a total dose of 12 Gy delivered at a dose rate of 8 cGy min-1. These metabolic disorders involve the dysregulation of the gut microflora, a shift in energy supply from aerobic respiration toward ketogenesis, protein synthesis and metabolism in response to TBI. Furthermore, the panel of four metabolic markers with most potential consisting of PC (O-38:5), urate, ornithine, and GCDCS for radiation injury was chosen by combining multiple methods of data processing that included univariate analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and multivariable stepwise linear regression analysis. While similar patterns of metabolic alterations were observed in patients of different genders, disease types and ages, specific changes were also found in specific patients following high doses of exposure. These findings provide valuable information for selecting metabolic biomarker panels for radiation injury, clues for radiation pathology and therapeutic interventions involved in high-dose radiation exposure.

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A method based on the high-frequency ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs) of a piezoelectric sensor array is proposed to monitor the depth of transverse cracks in rail bottoms. Selecting high-frequency UGWs with a center frequency of 350 kHz can enable the monitoring of cracks with a depth of 3.3 mm. The method of arranging piezoelectric sensor arrays on the upper surface and side of the rail bottom is simulated and analyzed, which allows the comprehensive monitoring of transverse cracks at different depths in the rail bottom. The multi-value domain features of the UGW signals are further extracted, and a back propagation neural network (BPNN) is used to establish the evaluation model of the transverse crack depth for the rail bottom. The optimal evaluation model of multi-path combination is reconstructed with the minimum value of the root mean square error (RMSE) as the evaluation standard. After testing and comparison, it was found that each metric of the reconstructed model is significantly better than each individual path; the RMSE is reduced to 0.3762; the coefficient of determination R2 reached 0.9932; the number of individual evaluation values with a relative error of less than 10% and 5% accounted for 100% and 87.50% of the total number of evaluations, respectively.

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Background: The knowledge, attitude, and social support of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers are the important predictors of the starting time of lactation and the duration time of breastfeeding. Evaluating the knowledge, attitude, social support of exclusive breastfeeding of mothers is critical to recognize those at risk for suboptimal breastfeeding practices. There were a small amount of studies related to knowledge, attitude and social support of mothers, a blank for comparative study of the knowledge, attitude, social support of breastfeeding between primiparae and multiparae existed. Our aim was to compare the feeding situation between firstborns and second-born infants, and to compare the knowledge, attitude, and social support between primiparae and multiparae. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, a total of 354 mothers of infants aged 0-6 months who underwent physical examination between February 2019 and July 2019 were randomly recruited to the study and finished an on-site questionnaire. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used to make a comparison among groups. Results: The average rate of exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged 0-6 months was 61.30%. There is no statistical difference between the firstborns and the second-born infants regarding whether cod liver oil was supplemented, whether it was breastfeeding after birth, the signal of breastfeeding for infants, and the duration of each lactation (P>0.05); The rate of exclusive breastfeeding of second-born infants was lower than that of firstborns (P=0.001); The starting time of breastfeeding of second-born infants was earlier than that of firstborns (P=0.041). Compared to primiparae, multiparae had a higher degree of understanding of feeding knowledge (P<0.001), a higher proficiency level of self-evaluation of feeding techniques (P<0.001); and a better self-evaluation of feeding habit (P<0.001); more multiparae had prenatal feeding counselling (P<0.001); primiparae and multiparae had no statistical difference in attitude and social support of breastfeeding (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Breastfeeding knowledge, skills, and habits of mothers all need to be improved. It's urgent to make up for the deficiency of news media such as television and radio in the dissemination of breastfeeding knowledge. Primiparas with a high level of education are the key object of our publicity and education.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with parental burden among parents of children with food allergies (FA) in China. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: The participants were recruited through the internet and one child health centre of a tertiary hospital in Changsha, China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 346 parents of children with FA were recruited using a convenience sampling method. After excluding the invalid questionnaires, 330 questionnaires were included for the analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES: The data of general and disease-specific information of children with FA and their parents, as well as parental burden, social support and coping style of parents, were collected using a self-developed questionnaire and standard measurement tools with good psychometric properties. Univariate analysis and multivariate stepwise regression analysis were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Financial affordability regarding their children's FA and parents' social support were key protective factors against parental burden (ß=-0.224, p<0.001 and ß=-0.226, p<0.001, respectively). This study also found that parents' working conditions, the number of highly suspected food allergens, the number of children's FA-affected systems and whether children took amino acid milk powder were the factors associated with parental burden. CONCLUSIONS: Health professionals should pay more attention to parents who are not at work and whose children have more highly suspected food allergens and more FA-affected systems because these parents often have a higher parental burden. Furthermore, it is important to improve financial support for children's FA and social support for parents of children with FA to decrease their parental burden.

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OBJECTIVE: To establish a mini-pig model of ureteral stricture by using electrocoagulation under ureteroscopy. METHODS: Twelve female mini-pigs were included. Their ureters on one side and contralateral side were randomly divided into electrocoagulation and control groups, respectively. In the electrocoagulation group, the middle ureter was circumferentially electrocoagulated by using a self-made electrocoagulation device with the ureteroscope under direct vision, while the control group underwent ureteroscopy only without electrocoagulation. At 30 and 90 days after electrocoagulation, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), formation of ureteral stricture, and histomorphological changes of ureteral tissues of each group were detected. RESULTS: At 90 days after surgery, ureteroscopy and retrograde urography revealed ureteral stricture formation in the middle ureter in the electrocoagulation group. GFR was gradually decreased over time with prolonged washout half-time in the electrocoagulation group. A compensatory increase in GFR was observed in the control group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's Trichrome staining revealed fibroblast infiltration and fibrous tissue hyperplasia in the superficial muscular layers, and the muscular layers were arranged disorderly in the electrocoagulation group. Immunohistochemical staining showed accumulation and disorganization of ureteric epithelium in the narrow segment. In the control group, the epithelium was arranged neatly with normal structure. CONCLUSION: A mini-pig model of ureteral stricture was successfully established using electrocoagulation under ureteroscopy. This method has the advantages of being simple to implement, having high accuracy and high success rate, which can provide an ideal animal model for studying ureteral stricture.

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African swine fever (ASF) outbreak has caused serious economic losses in Asia since 2018. As ASF is a new emerging disease, many farmers hesitate to raise pigs before biosafety procedures were evaluated to be effective. To support small-scale farms in resuming pig production, a comprehensive procedure, called the quadruple protection procedure (QPP), was tested in 35 small farms which had been confirmed with African swine fever virus (ASFV). The QPP takes care of the farms' construction, environmental disinfection, regular immunization, and feed quality. Qualified daily management was supplemented as well. During a one-year survey four disinfectants and one piece of equipment were used in higher frequency. A 7- or 15-day empty period after the disinfection was suitable when it was combined with the rest of the protection measures from QPP. Totally 18,730 porkers and 3,006 sows were healthy by the end of the study with percentage of 100 and 98.8, respectively, indicating that QPP could protect pigs in small-scale farms from pathogens within China. This study developed an effective protective procedure system for small-scale farms to produce pigs under the risk of ASF outbreak.

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In recent decades, the role of microRNAs (miRs) in the development of pneumonia has been reported by a number of researchers. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR­409­3p in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)­induced human bronchial epithelial cells and the implication for bronchopneumonia. An in vitro inflammation model was established using LPS­induced BEAS­2B cells. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA and reverse transcription­quantitative PCR. Protein levels of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)/STAT3 and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3 were determined by western blotting. Dual­luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the interaction between miR­409­3p and SOCS3. LPS treatment significantly increased miR­409­3p expression and decreased the expression levels of SOCS3 in BEAS­2B cells. Dual­luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR­409­3p directly targeted and negatively regulated SOCS3. Inhibition of miR­409­3p markedly decreased the levels of TNF­α, IL­6 and IL­1ß, and suppressed apoptosis induced by LPS, which was reversed by SOCS3­knockdown. The inhibition of SOCS3 significantly activated JAK1/STAT3 signaling, as well as enhancing the levels of TNF­α, IL­6 and IL­1ß, and promoting apoptosis, which was reversed by the JAK1 inhibitor Tofacitinib. Suppression of miR­409­3p improved LPS­induced inflammation through SOCS3 in LPS­treated BEAS­2B cells, and this may be caused by regulating JAK1/STAT3 signaling.

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Objective: Preschool children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are at risk of developing adverse respiratory health effects. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the effects of cigarette-smoking caregivers on respiratory symptoms and urinary cotinine (UC) levels in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study consisting of 543 children (aged between 5 and 6 years) from 5 kindergartens in central China was conducted using a structured questionnaire. We also analyzed UC levels to investigate the relationship between respiratory symptoms and ETS exposure. We further performed logistic regression analyses to establish the relationship between respiratory symptoms (coughing, rhinorrhea, and sneezing) and UC levels. Results: A total of 71 (13.08%) children had a history of hospital admission with respiratory illnesses including bronchitis and pneumonia over the last 6 months. In addition, 102 (18.78%) children presented coughing symptoms, 114 (20.99%) experienced rhinorrhea and 79 (14.55%) presented sneezing symptoms over the last 6 months. After adjusting the confounders, odds ratio (OR) indicated that the number of cigarettes smoked by a caregiver was associated with coughing (OR = 11.02; 95% CI, 3.72-33.66), rhinorrhea (OR = 41.83; 95% CI, 5.58-313.05) and sneezing (OR = 4.71; 95% CI, 1.33-16.48). Furthermore, UC levels in children with coughing, rhinorrhea and sneezing were significantly higher than in children without respiratory symptoms (P = 0.002, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: This study reveals that children exposed to ETS have higher levels of UC. Compared with caregiver who non-smoked live with children, smoked cigarettes were highly risk of developing respiratory illnesses in children. Notably, the higher the UC levels the greater the respiratory risk. Our results also signify that UC can be used as an indicator of ETS exposure to inform caregivers of the associated risks, and inform efforts to reduce related effects.

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LSm14A is a key innate immunity component of processing body (P-body) that mediates interferon-ß (IFN-ß) signaling by viral RNA. This is the first study to report chicken LSm14A (cLSm14A) cloning from blue eggshell layer, high tibia and frizzle chickens. The cLSm14A gene, encoding 461 amino acids, is highly homologous in the three types of chickens. The cLSm14A was extensively expressed in several tissues. The transcriptional level of cLSm14A was significantly increased in various stages of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection. In HEK293 cells, full length cLSm14A from blue eggshell layer was localized in the cytoplasm as dots. The results of this study indicated that cLSm14A is an important sensor that mediates innate immunity in chicken against NDV infections.

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Viral myocarditis is potentially fatal and lacking a specific treatment. Exosomes secreted by cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have emerged as a promising tool for cardioprotection and repair. In this study, we investigated whether CPCs-derived exosomes (CPCs-Ex) could utilize the mTOR signal pathway to reduce the apoptosis in viral myocarditis. In vitro, exosomes were, respectively, added to H9C2 cells after CVB3 infection to detect the anti-apoptosis effect of CPCs-Ex. Compared with the controls, the apoptosis rate was reduced, accompanied with the depressed expression of viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) and pro-apoptosis factors of Bim/caspase families. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K were promoted, but that of 4EBP1 was suppressed. In vivo, the results of apoptosis, expression of CVB3 and pro-apoptosis factors, and phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR factors of CVB3-infected cardiomyocytes were consistent with that of vitro. Following that, we use Rapamycin and MK-2206 to inhibit the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, meanwhile, Rattus 4EBP1, p70S6K, Akt1 and Akt2 were transfected to H9C2 cells to establish the stably transfected cell lines. In the group with Rapamycin or MK-2206 pretreatment, CPCs-Ex also could decrease the apoptosis of H9C2 cells and expression of CVB3 mRNA, followed by decreased expression of apoptosis factors. In Akt2, p70S6K and 4EBP1 overexpression groups, CPCs-Ex promoted CVB3-induced apoptosis, VP1 expression and cleavage of caspase-3. Our results therefore identify CPCs-Ex exerts an anti-apoptosis effect in CVB3-infected cells by abrogating the proliferation of CVB3 and modulating the mTOR signaling pathways as well as the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase families. Viral myocarditis, mainly caused by CVB3 infection, is lacking a specific treatment. Our study identified an anti-apoptosis role of CPCs-Ex in CVB3-infected cells and rats, which shown that CPCs-Ex may be an effective tool to treat viral myocarditis. We believe that with more in-depth research on the functionality of CPCs-Ex, there will be a breakthrough in the treatment of viral myocarditis.

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BACKGROUND: The mechanism of pancreatic cancer metastasis remains poorly understood. Recently, lncRNA CASC2 has been demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor in various types of cancer. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of CASC2 in the regulation of pancreatic cancer metastasis. METHODS: The expression levels of CASC2 and miR-21 in pancreatic cells were detected by qRT-PCR. Using specific expression vectors, including mimics or shRNA, the expression levels of CASC2, miR-21 and PTEN in pancreatic cells were altered. The association between CASC2, miR-21 and PTEN was detected. Then, cell migration and invasion were assessed using the transwell assay. RESULTS: CASC2 expression was downregulated in the pancreatic cancer cell lines CAPAN-1, BxPC-3, JF305, PANC-1 and SW1990 compared with levels in normal human pancreatic HPDE6-C7 cells. CACS2 overexpression inhibited the migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells and significantly inhibited the expression of miR-21 and PTEN. MiR-21 was a direct target of CACS2. The overexpression of miR-21 significantly abolished the antimetastatic effects of CASC2 on PANC-1 cells. Moreover, the downregulation of PTEN significantly abolished the antimetastatic effects of CASC2. CONCLUSION: CASC2 functions as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer cells to inhibit tumor cell migration and invasion. Our work revealed a novel regulatory mechanism of the CASC2/miR-21/PTEN axis that may be important in pancreatic cancer.

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BACKGROUND: Although a wide range of needs assessment tools for cancer patients have been developed, no standardized and commonly accepted instruments were recommended to use in clinical care. This systematic review was conducted to assess the quality of psychometric properties of needs assessment tools among cancer patients in order to help oncology healthcare professionals select the most appropriate needs assessment tools in routine clinical practice. METHODS: Searches were conducted in the electronic databases of PUBMED from 1966, CINAHL from 1960, EMBASE from 1980 and PsychINFO from 1967 as well as additional sources. The quality of psychometric properties of the recruited needs assessment tools was evaluated using the agreed quality criteria for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. RESULTS: Thirty-seven studies which evaluated the psychometric properties of 20 needs assessment tools were identified. Internal consistency was tested in 32 studies with 9 studies indicating negative rating and 4 studies intermediate rating. Less than half of the studies (13 studies) assessed test-retest reliability, and only 4 studies reported positive rating. Content validity was the most tested psychometric property appraised in 33 studies and indicated positive rating in all the evaluated studies. Structural validity was adequately evaluated in 28 studies with 23 studies reporting intermediate rating. More than half of the studies (29 studies) tested hypothesis testing and 13 studies were rated positive. Cross-cultural validity results were obtained in 13 studies with 7 studies showing negative rating. No data was available on measurement error and criterion validity. Only one study appraised responsiveness and showed intermediate rating. The Supportive Care Needs Survey-Short Form (SCNS-SF) is the most widely used instrument for needs assessment in cancer patients. It had strong evidence for internal consistency, content validity, structural validity and hypothesis testing, and moderate evidence for reliability and cross-cultural validity. Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs Measure (CaSUN) reported strong or moderate evidence for internal consistency, reliability, content and structural validity, and hypothesis testing. Furthermore, Supportive Cancer Care Needs Assessment Tool for Indigenous People (SCNAT-IP) had strong evidence for content validity, and moderate evidence for internal consistency, structural validity and hypothesis testing. CONCLUSIONS: Despite several needs assessment tools exist to assess care needs in cancer patients, further improvement of already existing and promising instruments is recommended.

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MicroRNA (miRNAs) emerges as key oncogene or tumor suppressor in a variety of cancers including pancreatic carcinoma. In this study, we detected the role of miR-132 in development and progression of pancreatic cancer and the underlying mechanism. First, the expression of miR-132 in pancreatic carcinoma and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were detected by qRT-PCR. Then, the role of miR-132 in biological function of pancreatic carcinoma cells was investigated. Our results identified that miR-132 was generally upregulated in pancreatic carcinoma, and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was generally downregulated. miR-132 and PTEN were associated with advanced tumor size, lymph node metastasis and Tumor-Nodes-Metastases (TNM) stage of pancreatic carcinoma. Downregulation of miR-132 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic carcinoma cells. In contrast, overexpression of miR-132 promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic carcinoma cells. The luciferase reporter system demonstrated PTEN is a direct target of miR-132. Overexpression of PTEN abrogated the induction of miR-132 on proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic carcinoma cells. Taken together, miR-132 promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of human pancreatic cancer by inhibition of PTEN, and could be a tumor oncogene in development and progression of pancreatic carcinoma, and might be a candidate prognostic biomarker and a promising target for new treatment of human pancreatic cancer.

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BACKGROUND: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis that predominantly affects children, and it can result in coronary artery lesions. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, an important precursor of several prostaglandins. The aim of this study was to examine the association between COX-2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to KD. METHODS: A total of 276 subjects (136 KD and 140 controls) were recruited. The analysis of two single nucleotide polymorphisms rs689466 (-1195G/A) and rs20417 (-765G/C) was respectively detected with polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing methods. RESULTS: Polymorphisms of rs689466 were significantly different between the normal controls and KD patients (χ2 = 6.070 and 5.435, both p < 0.05). The frequencies of AA genotype and A allele of rs689466 in Kawasaki disease group were higher than that of control group (χ2 = 4.832, p = 0.028, OR = 1.832, 95%CI = 1.064-3.124; χ2 = 5.435, p = 0.028, OR = 1.491, 95%CI = 1.065-2.088). CONCLUSION: This study provides the first evidence supporting an association between COX-2 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of KD. The AA genotype and A allele of rs689466 confer predisposing factors to KD.

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