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INTRODUCTION: Renal cancer is a relatively common form of cancer; however, squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney is extremely rare and it carries poor prognosis. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We present a rare case of renal squamous cell carcinoma that was manifested with the psoas sign in a patient with a history of chronic staghorn calculus. DISCUSSION: Squamous cell carcinoma of kidney is rare and more invasive. Even though many risk factors have been identified, staghorn renal calculi with chronic infection have a higher incidence of renal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has a wider range of atypical presentations; the psoas sign is not commonly reported in other literature. Due to the lack of reporting and sufficient knowledge, there are currently no established management guidelines. Despite advancements in contemporary medicine, the survival rate of renal SCC remains remarkably low, necessitating further research to develop a standardized treatment protocol. CONCLUSION: Primary renal SCCs are rare tumors and exhibit a strong association with renal stones, requiring prompt assessment and treatment of renal stones in affected patients. Despite their aggressiveness and poor prognosis, timely intervention is crucial.
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INTRODUCTION: Stauffer's syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic non metastatic hepatic dysfunction related to renal cell carcinoma. It is characterized by elevated alkaline phosphatase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a-2-globulin, y-glutamyl transferase, thrombocytosis, prolongation of prothrombin time and hepatosplenomegaly, in the absence of hepatic metastasis. A rare variant of it with cholestatic jaundice is described in four cases so far in literature. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We present a case of a patient presented with features of cholestatic jaundice who was found to have a left sided renal cell carcinoma in the work up. DISCUSSION: This case illustrates the importance of considering paraneoplastic syndromes in mind when working up for patients presenting with hepatic dysfunctions without identifiable causes. CONCLUSION: This may result in early identification and intervention which will result in better outcome and prolong survival rate.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and differentiation potential of a graphene oxide (GO)-based substrate using dental pulp stem cell (DPSC). METHODS: GO was obtained via chemical exfoliation of graphite using the modified Hummer's method and dispersed in water-methanol solution. 250µL of 1.5mg/mL solution were added to a cover slip and allowed to dry (25°C, 24h). GO-based substrate was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, AFM and contact angle. DPSC were seeded on GO and glass (control). Cell attachment and proliferation were evaluated by polymeric F-actin staining, SEM and MTS assay for five days. mRNA expression of MSX-1, PAX-9, RUNX2, COL I, DMP-1 and DSPP were evaluated by qPCR (7 and 14 days). Statistical analyses were performed by either Mann-Whitney, one or two-way Anova followed by and Tukey's post hoc analysis (α=0.05). RESULTS: Peaks at 1587cm(-1) and 1340cm(-1) (G and D band) and ID/IG of 0.83 were observed for GO with Raman. AFM showed that GO was randomly deposited and created a rougher surface comparing to the control. Cells successfully adhered on both substrates. There was no difference in cell proliferation after 5 days. Cells on GO presented higher expression for all genes tested except MSX-1 and RUNX2 for 7 days. SIGNIFICANCE: GO-based substrate allowed DPSC attachment, proliferation and increased the expression of several genes that are upregulated in mineral-producing cells. These findings open opportunities to the use of GO alone or in combination with dental materials to improve their bioactivity and beyond.