RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Exertional heat stress can induce systemic endotoxin exposure and a pro-inflammatory cascade, likely impairing thermoregulation. Cannabidiol (CBD) is protective in pre-clinical models of tissue ischaemia and inflammation. Therefore, this study examined the effects of CBD ingestion on exercise-induced thermoregulatory and inflammatory responses. METHODS: In a randomised, double-blinded study, thirteen active males (age 25 ± 5 y; peak oxygen uptake [V̇O2peak] 50.4 ± 3.2 mL/kg/min) ingested 298 mg CBD or placebo 105 minutes before 1 h treadmill exercise (60-65% V̇O2peak) in 32 °C and 50% relative humidity. Core temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, subjective outcomes and sweat loss were assessed during/after exercise. Plasma osmolality, plasma volume changes and plasma markers of intestinal damage (I-FABP), monocyte activation (CD14) and inflammatory cytokine responses (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) were assessed at baseline, pre-exercise, 20- and 90-min post-exercise. RESULTS: Core temperature (∆ 1.69 ± 0.48 °C [CBD] and 1.79 ± 0.53 °C [Placebo]) and I-FABP increased during exercise, with no differences between conditions (p > 0.050). Mean (95% CI) CD14 was 1776 (463 to 3090) pg/mL greater 90 min post-exercise in placebo (p = 0.049). Median (interquartile range) peak IL-6 concentration was -0.8 (-1.1, -0.3) pg/mL less in CBD (p = 0.050), whilst the between-conditions difference in IL-6 area under curve was -113 (-172, 27) pg/mL·270 min (p = 0.054). CONCLUSIONS: CBD did not affect thermoregulation during exertional heat stress but appeared to elicit minor immunosuppressive effects, reducing CD14 and IL-6 responses, warranting investigation in humans under more severe heat strain and other pro-inflammatory scenarios.

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: The primary aim of this study was to examine whether a glycine-rich collagen peptides (CP) supplement could enhance sleep quality in physically active men with self-reported sleep complaints. METHODS: In a randomized, crossover design, 13 athletic males (age: 24 ± 4 years; training volume; 7 ± 3 h·wk1) with sleep complaints (Athens Insomnia Scale, 9 ± 2) consumed CP (15 g·day1) or a placebo control (CON) 1 h before bedtime for 7 nights. Sleep quality was measured with subjective sleep diaries and actigraphy for 7 nights; polysomnographic sleep and core temperature were recorded on night 7. Cognition, inflammation, and endocrine function were measured on night 7 and the following morning. Subjective sleepiness and fatigue were measured on all 7 nights. The intervention trials were separated by ≥ 7 days and preceded by a 7-night familiarisation trial. RESULTS: Polysomnography showed less awakenings with CP than CON (21.3 ± 9.7 vs. 29.3 ± 13.8 counts, respectively; P = 0.028). The 7-day average for subjective awakenings were less with CP vs. CON (1.3 ± 1.5 vs. 1.9 ± 0.6 counts, respectively; P = 0.023). The proportion of correct responses on the baseline Stroop cognitive test were higher with CP than CON (1.00 ± 0.00 vs. 0.97 ± 0.05 AU, respectively; P = 0.009) the morning after night 7. There were no trial differences in core temperature, endocrine function, inflammation, subjective sleepiness, fatigue and sleep quality, or other measures of cognitive function or sleep (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: CP supplementation did not influence sleep quantity, latency, or efficiency, but reduced awakenings and improved cognitive function in physically active males with sleep complaints.

Asunto(s)

Privación de Sueño , Somnolencia , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Cognición , Fatiga/tratamiento farmacológico , Fatiga/psicología , Inflamación , Sueño/fisiología , Privación de Sueño/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Cruzados

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: This study investigated whether combining eccentric exercise and green tea supplementation synergistically increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activity, a transcription factor responsible for coordinating endogenous antioxidant expression. METHODS: In a double-blinded, randomized, between-subjects design, 24 males (mean [SD]; 23 [3] years, 179.6 [6.1] cm, 78.8 [10.6] kg) performed 100 drop jumps following a 6 days supplementation period with either green tea (poly)phenols (n = 12; 500 mg·d-1) or a placebo (n = 12; inulin). NRF2/antioxidant response element (ARE) binding in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) excretion, and differential leukocyte counts were measured pre-, post-, 1 h and 24 h post-exercise. RESULTS: Exercise did not increase NRF2/ARE binding (p = 0.12) (fold change vs rest: green tea = [post] 0.78 ± 0.45, [1 h] 1.17 ± 0.54, [24 h] 1.06 ± 0.56; placebo = [post] 1.40 ± 1.50, [1 h] 2.98 ± 3.70, [24 h] 1.04 ± 0.45). Furthermore, CAT activity (p = 0.12) and 8-OHdG excretion (p = 0.42) were unchanged in response to exercise and were not augmented by green tea supplementation (p > 0.05 for all). Exercise increased GR activity by 30% (p = 0.01), however no differences were found between supplement groups (p = 0.51). Leukocyte and neutrophil concentrations were only elevated post-exercise (p < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSION: Eccentric exercise, either performed alone or in conjunction with green tea supplementation, did not significantly increase NRF2 activity in PBMCs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: osf.io/kz37g (registered: 15/09/21).

Asunto(s)

Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2 , Té , Masculino , Humanos , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Leucocitos Mononucleares , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología

RESUMEN

PRE-REGISTRATION NUMBER: osf.io/kz37g.

RESUMEN

This systematic review examined the effects of whole protein and commonly consumed amino acid supplements on markers of exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress and was reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception until June 2021. The inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials in humans, healthy adult participants (≥18 years), dietary protein/amino acid interventions, and measurements of oxidative stress/the redox status or inflammation post-exercise. The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias 2 tool was used to critically appraise the studies. Data extracted from thirty-four studies were included in the systematic review (totaling 757 participants with only 10 females; age range 19-40 years). The included trials examined five types of whole protein and seven different amino acids supplements; most studies (n = 20) failed to identify statistically significant effects on markers of inflammation or oxidative stress after exercise; some (n = 14) showed either anti-inflammatory or antioxidant effects on some, but not all, markers. In conclusion, we found weak and inconsistent evidence that dietary protein/amino acid interventions can modify exercise-induced changes in oxidative stress and inflammation. However, given that these were not the primary outcomes in many of the included studies and many had design limitations, further research is warranted (Open Science Framework registration number: 10.17605/OSF.IO/AGUR2).