RESUMEN
We present the complete genome sequences of 5 species of Sardinella. Illumina sequencing was performed on genetic material from wild-caught specimens. The reads were assembled using a de novo method followed by a finishing step. The raw and assembled data are publicly available via Genbank.
RESUMEN
Free Living Amoebae (FLA) are considered ubiquitous. FLAs may infect various biological organisms which act as reservoir hosts. Infected freshwater fishes can pose a public health concern due to possible human consumption. This study aims to identify possible pathogenic FLAs present in freshwater fishes. Seventy five (75) Oreochromis niloticus were studied for the presence of FLAs. Fish organs were suspended in physiologic saline pelleted and cultured in non-nutrient agar (NNA) lawned with Escherichia coli and were incubated in 33 °C for 14 days. Eighteen (18) fish gills and nineteen (19) fish intestine samples presented with positive growth. Trophozoites and cystic stages of FLAs were subcultured until homogenous growth was achieved. Cells were harvested from cultured plates and DNA was extracted using Chelex resin. DNA was subjected to polymerase chain reaction using universal forward primer EukA and reverse primer EukB targeting the 18s RNA. Of the 37 plates that presented with positive amoebic growth, 9 samples showed the presence of DNAs and were sent for further purification and sequencing. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) results showed that protists isolated from fish organs in Lake Taal include: Eocercomonas (HM536152), Colpoda steinii (KJ607915) and Vermamoeba vermiformis (KC161965). The results showed that fresh-water fishes can harbour FLAs in the gut. It is proposed that freshwater reservoirs utilized for aquaculture be monitored for the presence of FLAs and extensive study be conducted on the pathogenicity of bacterial endosymbionts and infecting viruses to its mammalian and non-mammalian host.
Asunto(s)
Amebiasis/veterinaria , Cíclidos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Tubulinos/aislamiento & purificación , Amebiasis/parasitología , Animales , ADN Protozoario/química , ADN Protozoario/aislamiento & purificación , Explotaciones Pesqueras , Agua Dulce , Branquias/parasitología , Intestinos/parasitología , Lagos , Filipinas , Filogenia , Alineación de Secuencia , Trofozoítos/aislamiento & purificación , Trofozoítos/fisiología , Trofozoítos/ultraestructura , Tubulinos/clasificación , Tubulinos/genéticaRESUMEN
Cryptic species continue to be uncovered in many fish taxa, posing challenges for fisheries conservation and management. In Sardinella gibbosa, previous investigations revealed subtle intra-species variations, resulting in numerous synonyms and a controversial taxonomy for this sardine. Here, we tested for cryptic diversity within S. gibbosa using genetic data from two mitochondrial and one nuclear gene regions of 248 individuals of S. gibbosa, collected from eight locations across the Philippine archipelago. Deep genetic divergence and subsequent clustering was consistent across both mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Clade distribution is geographically limited: Clade 1 is widely distributed in the central Philippines, while Clade 2 is limited to the northernmost sampling site. In addition, morphometric analyses revealed a unique head shape that characterized each genetic clade. Hence, both genetic and morphological evidence strongly suggests a hidden diversity within this common and commercially-important sardine.