RESUMEN
Since the passage of Title IX in 1972, women's participation in physical activity and sports has increased significantly. A concurrent expansion in the body of knowledge regarding women and sports has occurred. Questions regarding menstrual dysfunction and exercise continue, while new questions about menstrual dysfunction and its effect on bone mineral density have arisen. Physical and physiological differences between men and women not only guide treatment, but help fuel policy decisions regarding competition between males and females. It is essential for the physical therapist to remain current on issues related to women and sports in order to better advise and treat the female athlete.
Asunto(s)
Composición Corporal/fisiología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/etiología , Deportes/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Trastornos de la Menstruación/metabolismo , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la NutriciónRESUMEN
In the context of sport, an ergogenic aid can be broadly defined as a technique or substance used for the purpose of enhancing performance. Ergogenic aids have been classified as nutritional, pharmacologic, physiologic, or psychologic and range from use of accepted techniques such as carbohydrate loading to illegal and unsafe approaches such as anabolic-androgenic steroid use. The efficacy of many of these techniques is controversial, whereas the deleterious side effects are clear. The purpose of this article is to review the epidemiology, administration, efficacy, pharmacology, and side effects of commonly used ergogenic aids. Physical therapists should be able to recognize the signs of ergogenic aid abuse in individuals under their care, and they should be aware of the side effects of these aids. Moreover, the physical therapist can serve as a resource for those individuals seeking information on the risks and benefits of ergogenic aids.
Asunto(s)
Anabolizantes/farmacología , Doping en los Deportes , Ejercicio Físico , Anabolizantes/efectos adversos , Animales , Cafeína/farmacología , Clenbuterol/farmacología , Eritropoyetina/farmacología , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Hormona del Crecimiento/farmacología , Hormona del Crecimiento/fisiología , Hemodinámica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Detección de Abuso de SustanciasRESUMEN
The athlete is exposed to a number of environmental conditions that may affect performance and health. The sports physical therapist must be aware of the effects of these conditions on the performance and well-being of athletes under his/her care. Decisions about an individual's participation and decisions about the safety of holding an event are within the scope of practice of a sports physical therapist. Additionally, the athlete looks to the sports physical therapist for training guidelines for events in various environmental conditions. A literature search was performed to determine the relevant issues related to sports participation in hot and cold environments. The current body of knowledge in these areas is presented to guide sports physical therapists in training and advising athletes in their care. These areas include thermoregulation, heat, cold, fluid replacement, and clothing considerations.
Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Temperatura Corporal , Ambiente , Deportes/fisiología , Líquidos Corporales/fisiología , Vestuario , Frío/efectos adversos , Congelación de Extremidades/fisiopatología , Agotamiento por Calor/fisiopatología , Agotamiento por Calor/prevención & control , Calor , Humanos , Hipotermia/fisiopatología , Modalidades de FisioterapiaRESUMEN
Shoulder impingement syndrome is a common problem encountered in athletes and the general population. Etiology, pathology, and treatment differ throughout the literature. The purpose of this review is to examine the current literature with respect to the mechanism and conservative management of impingement syndrome. Focus is on anatomy, pathology, diagnosis, and conservative treatment. It is concluded that there is little experimental research evaluating the efficacy of conservative management techniques. It is recommended that further studies regarding the efficacy of conservative treatment be initiated. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1989;11(5):183-191.