RESUMEN
Introduction: Carotid cavernous fistulas are uncommon vascular abnormalities marked by anomalous connections between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. The authors present a case of a direct carotid cavernous fistula and its successful treatment in a 42-year-old female. Case presentation: A 42-year-old female presented with right eye painful swelling and visual disturbance. She had no known comorbidities or history of injury. Examination showed proptosis, chemosis, and orbital bruit. Carotid angiography confirmed a carotid cavernous fistula, which was managed endovascularly. The patient fully recovered after treatment. Discussion: Carotid cavernous fistula occurs spontaneously or as a result of trauma or other vascular abnormalities. Common clinical manifestations include proptosis, chemosis, and orbital bruit, with vision loss being a feared complication. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through angiography, with digital subtraction angiography being the gold standard. Endovascular treatment is usually effective, although surgical management may be necessary in certain cases. Conclusion: Carotid cavernous fistula is a rare but potentially sight-threatening neurological condition. Treatment with a transvenous approach is effective for the management of direct carotid cavernous fistula.
RESUMEN
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and sarcoidosis are both complex autoimmune disorders with varying clinical manifestations. The incidence of SLE is as low as 4.91 per 100,000 population, and that of sarcoidosis is 0.85 per 100,000 population. The prevalence of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) ranges from 17.6% to 44.5%. The concurrent occurrence of NPSLE and sarcoidosis, although rare, presents diagnostic and management challenges. The clinical picture resulting from the coexistence of NPSLE and sarcoidosis, which share a common immunological picture, is not well defined. This case report discusses a patient with coexisting NPSLE and sarcoidosis, highlighting the intricate interplay between these conditions.
RESUMEN
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of platelets, resulting in a decreased blood platelet count (less than 100 x 109/L) in the absence of other known etiology of thrombocytopenia. ITP is uncommon in adult males. The signs and symptoms of ITP vary widely and are quite diverse. The degree of thrombocytopenia and bleeding are not always correlated. Timely diagnosis, intervention, and regular monitoring can easily prevent complications. We report a case of a 22-year-old male presented with gum bleeding along with purpura and ecchymosis over the upper limb, lower limb, trunk, and face.
RESUMEN
Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare congenital neurocutaneous syndrome with an incidence of 1 in 50000 characterised by facial capillary malformation and vascular anomalies in the brain and eye. We present the case of a five-year-old child diagnosed with Sturge-Weber syndrome. The patient exhibited high-grade fever, headaches, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The history revealed a port-wine stain on the face and a history of seizures from the age of four months. Diagnostic imaging confirmed the presence of leptomeningeal vascular malformation, calcification in the brain, and abnormal electroencephalogram patterns, establishing the diagnosis of Sturge-Weber syndrome. Treatment with antiepileptic drugs led to seizure control. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies for patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome. Keywords: brain; case reports; port-wine stain; seizures; Sturge-Weber syndrome.