RESUMEN
This study is aimed at reporting experiences with telemedicine between Nepal and the USA and at reporting the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in rural Nepal. AMD and DR are becoming more significant factors for non-reversible vision loss in rural Nepal due to increasing life expectancy and urbanisation. The prevalence of DM is low compared with the developed world, but the percentage of diabetics with DR is high, presumably due to limited access to healthcare. The higher prevalence of DM in Hetauda is explained as being due to a more urban lifestyle, dietary habits (more deep-fried food) and more advanced age.
Asunto(s)
Retinopatía Diabética/epidemiología , Degeneración Macular/epidemiología , Telemedicina , Adulto , Anciano , Retinopatía Diabética/diagnóstico , Humanos , Degeneración Macular/diagnóstico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nepal/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Salud Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the impact of international coordination on polio eradication in Southeast Asia. METHODS: Active surveillance systems for acute flaccid paralysis were assessed. Analyses focused on surveillance proficiency and polio incidence. RESULTS: Ten countries coordinated activities. Importations occurred and were rapidly contained in China and Myanmar. Countries that have been free of indigenous polio transmission for at least 3 years include Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Myanmar, and Thailand. In the remaining endemic countries--India, Nepal, and Bangladesh--poliovirus transmission has been substantially reduced; however, these countries still harbor the world's largest polio reservoir. CONCLUSIONS: Unprecedented international coordination in Southeast Asia resulted in dramatic progress in polio eradication and serves as a paradigm for control of other infectious diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis.
Asunto(s)
Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles/organización & administración , Cooperación Internacional , Poliomielitis/prevención & control , Vigilancia de la Población/métodos , Adolescente , Asia Sudoriental/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Notificación de Enfermedades , Humanos , Programas de Inmunización/organización & administración , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Poliomielitis/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
In 1988, The World Health Assembly committed WHO and its member states to the goal of poliomyelitis eradication by the year 2000. Global progress in implementation of strategies include routine and supplementary immunisation, AFP surveillance strategy and mopping up. Progress made in global polio eradication within 10 years has been dramatic. Challenges consist of tailoring and fine tuning strategies and sustaining adequate levels of findings. Although the intensified effort will increase needed resources in the short term, it will save costs in the long term.
Asunto(s)
Salud Global , Programas de Inmunización , Poliomielitis/prevención & control , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Esquemas de Inmunización , Lactante , Poliomielitis/epidemiología , Vigilancia de la Población , Organización Mundial de la SaludRESUMEN
Arbovirus surveillance was conducted during an epizootic of western equine encephalitis (WEE) during 1987 and during a nonepizootic year, 1991, in the same area in northern Colorado. Mosquitoes were collected in Larimer County, CO, during weeks 33-37 (10 August to 7 September) in 1987 and during weeks 26-35 (24 June to 26 August) in 1991. In total, 13,099 mosquitoes in 694 pools collected during 1987 and 8,672 mosquitoes in 242 pools collected during 1991 were tested for virus. WEE virus was isolated in both years from Culex tarsalis Coquillett and from Cx. pipiens L. in 1987. Infection rates and population levels of Cx. tarsalis were not significantly different in the 2 yr during weeks 33, 34, and 35 (12-26 August). St. Louis encephalitis virus was isolated in 1987 from Cx. tarsalis. Other viruses isolated included Hart Park, Turlock, and Jerry Slough, a variety of Jamestown Canyon virus.