RESUMEN
Objective: Intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) has revolutionised the care of people with diabetes but its uptake and benefits in older adults are not well known. We examined the impact of isCGM (Freestyle Libre, FSL) on glycaemic outcomes in younger (⩽65 years) and older adults (>65 years) with diabetes. Design and methods: In total, 2260 adult patients registered on the Libreview account at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK, were included. Inclusion criteria: all patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes aged >18 years, use of isCGM >6 months, scanning at least 6 times/day. Demographics, diabetes history and glycaemic outcomes (time in range (TIR), time above range and time below range (TBR), estimated HbA1c, HbA1c at start and at end of study) were collected by accessing electronic patient records and Libreview. Outcomes were compared between age groups ⩽65 or >65 years old. Results: Most patients were of Caucasian ethnicity (⩽65 years 68%, >65 years 73%) and had type 1 diabetes. Mean duration of diabetes was 19.5 years (range 0-65 years) and 34.5 years (range 0-79 years) for ⩽65 and >65 years, respectively. Only a quarter of those ⩽65 years achieved (219/943; 23.2%) their age specific TIR target compared to 69% (78/113) of those >65 years cohort, while 70.1% (663/946) of ⩽65 years and 40.7% (46/113) of >65 years achieved their age-specific TBR target. When the less strict ⩽65 years TBR target was applied, 75% (85/113) of >65 years cohort achieved this. Conclusion: FSL use was associated with improved glycaemic outcomes across all age groups. Individualised targets may be needed to improve TBR in those aged >65 years.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and arteriovenous fistula graft (AVG) access for hemodialysis can develop stenosis, eventually leading to thrombosis and access failure. Prompt endovascular intervention can salvage the access but restenosis does occur. Clinical course, restenosis pattern, and risk factors associated with initial stenosis of AVFs/AVGs in Asian hemodialysis patients were studied. METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted (January 2009-June 2012) on consecutive patients with renal failure who developed the first-time stenosis in the vascular access and were managed with endovascular intervention. One hundred fourteen patients (54 AVFs and 60 AVGs) were studied, and all clinical outcomes were recorded until October 2013. RESULTS: The mean time from access creation to endovascular intervention for the first-time stenosis for patients with AVF and AVG was 23.5 (32.7 standard deviation [SD]) months and 12.5 (11.0) months, respectively. An average of 1.7 (range, 1-5) interventions were performed for AVFs, whereas 2.4 (range, 1-11) for AVGs ( P = .008). Upon conclusion of the study, 23 patients with AVF survived with functional index access, whereas 10 passed away with a functional original access. The remaining 21 patients with AVFs failed, requiring new access, tunneled catheter, or peritoneal dialysis. Of the 60 patients with AVG, 6 survived and 8 died with functional index access; 46 required new access or other forms of dialysis ( P = .000). Kaplan-Meier estimated that access patency and survival with functional access were significantly lower for AVGs than for AVFs after the first salvage intervention. Female patients had an increased risk of restenosis with both univariate ( P = .016) and multivariate ( P = .013) analysis. With univariate analysis ( P = .039), patients with hyperlipidemia had a higher risk of developing restenosis in the vascular access. CONCLUSION: The clinical course and prognosis of failing AVFs and AVGs are distinct. The information on access prognosis and stenosis recurrence patterns will be helpful for patient counseling and planning of follow-up intervals, after the first-time intervention for access stenosis.
Asunto(s)
Angioplastia de Balón , Derivación Arteriovenosa Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/efectos adversos , Oclusión de Injerto Vascular/terapia , Insuficiencia Renal/terapia , Terapia Recuperativa/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Angioplastia de Balón/efectos adversos , Pueblo Asiatico , Femenino , Oclusión de Injerto Vascular/etnología , Oclusión de Injerto Vascular/etiología , Oclusión de Injerto Vascular/fisiopatología , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Recurrencia , Insuficiencia Renal/etnología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Terapia Recuperativa/efectos adversos , Singapur , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Grado de Desobstrucción VascularRESUMEN
Aim. For patients who have exhausted cephalic vein arteriovenous fistula (AVF) options, controversy exists on whether brachial-basilic AVF with transposition (BBTAVF) or a forearm arteriovenous graft (AVG) should be the next vascular access of choice. This study compared the outcomes of these two modalities. Methods. A retrospective study of 122 Asian multiethnic patients who underwent either a BBTAVF (81) or an AVG (41). Maturation time and intervention rates were analyzed. Functional primary, secondary, and overall patency rates were evaluated. Results. The maturation time for BBTAVFs was significantly longer than AVGs. There was also a longer deliberation time before surgeons abandon a failing BBTAVF compared to an AVG. Both functional primary and secondary patency rates were significantly higher in the BBTAVF group at 1-year follow-up: 73.2% versus 34.1% (p < 0.001) and 71.8% versus 54.3% (p = 0.022), respectively. AVGs also required more interventions to maintain patency. When maturation rates were considered, the overall patency of AVGs was initially superior in the first 25 weeks after creation and then became inferior afterwards. Conclusion. BBTAVFs had superior primary and functional patency and required less salvage interventions. The forearm AVG might have a role in patients who require early vascular access due to complications from central venous catheters or with limited life expectancy.