RESUMEN
The study is based on the observation of 3995 individuals aged from 3 to over 80 years from five habitat types of Poland, ranging from agricultural villages to a large industrial city. We used a set of motor tests described elsewhere and examining the static and explosive muscular strength, agility, coordination and persistent fitness. The study objects were the generations of parents and their children (because of age-dependent differences, the traits of the latter were expressed in T-scores). Factor analysis with rotation Varimax was used to examine family traits. Four latent factors characterizing families were identified. Factor 1 (F1) was related with culture (consciousness). It explained 26% of the variance. F2 described living conditions and explained 22% of the variance. F3 (maternal-genetic) explained 12% of the variance, and factor 4 (father's genetic factor) explained 11% of the variance. These factors have a stronger effect on the motor traits of parents than on those of their children. The two generations were more similar with respect to such traits as the static strength, flexibility, spatial orientation and persistence. They were little similar with respect to explosive power and running agility. A moderate similarity occurred for throw accuracy and body balance. The most important factor in the parental generation is the consciousness (culture level) co-occurring with fitness (only for throw accuracy these were living conditions). The most important factors in the descendant generation were usually beyond the examined family traits. The present results show that in parallel to genetic and maternal factors also cultural factors related to traditional customs and social practices determine motor traits of children.
Asunto(s)
Familia , Destreza Motora/fisiología , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Cultura , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Músculos/fisiología , PadresRESUMEN
Chronic hoarseness, chronic sore throat, "lump in the throat," or cervical pain with swallowing were the primary complaints in 25 (6.6%) of 379 patients undergoing esophagoscopy for gastroesophageal reflux at the Denver Veterans Administration Medical Center between 1981 and 1985. In 18 (72%) of the 25 patients, these were the only reflux symptoms. Surgery was required to control symptoms in nine (36%) patients with upper aerodigestive tract complaints, versus 52 (15%) of 354 patients with more typical reflux symptoms (z = 2.77, p less than 0.01). Surgery was also necessary more often in patients with chronic hoarseness or sore throat (seven of 15) than in those with "lump in the throat" or cervical pain with swallowing (two of 10). These findings suggest reflux does cause otherwise unexplained upper aerodigestive tract symptoms, and that surgery may be required more often to control these symptoms than is the case in patients with more typical symptoms of reflux.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Deglución/etiología , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/complicaciones , Ronquera/etiología , Faringitis/etiología , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedad Crónica , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
In the past 11 years we have operated on three patients with "tiny" parathyroid adenomas (less than 60 mg). Two of these adenomas were virtually indistinguishable visually from the normal glands. (The third adenoma was found only after fixation and permanent sections.) Despite frozen-section diagnoses of "probable hyperplastic tissue" in two cases, these small hyperplastic glands proved confusing at operation. This was especially true of the hyperactive gland embedded within mediastinal tissue that, on initial examination of gross material, had been missed by surgeons and pathologists alike and was discovered only on permanent serial sections. The preoperative laboratory data did not vary substantially from that of other hyperparathyroid patients with larger adenomas; in each case two or more endocrinologists had agreed that parathyroidectomy was indicated and had referred these patients for operation. Permanent microscopic sections confirmed the diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma in all three patients. The clinical and laboratory postoperative data strongly indicate that these small adenomas, masquerading as normal-sized glands, were responsible for the hypercalcemia. These tiny adenomas should be added to the other anatomic and pathologic variations of the parathyroid glands that can prove confusing at operation.