RESUMEN

Background: Hypertension affects more than 1.4 billion people worldwide currently, with that number anticipated to climb to 1.6 billion by 2025 with high mortality and morbidity effects. Medication related problems in cardiovascular disease patients, especially among hypertension patients were found to be high and a critical problem which is associated with high mortality, complication, prolonged hospital stay, compromised quality of life and increase health care cost. Objective: To determine medication related problems and its predictors among hypertension patients on chronic follow-up at Jimma Medical Center. Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted among hypertension patients from November 28, 2021 to June 30, 2022 at Jimma Medical Center. Medication related problems were classified and identified based on Pharmaceutical care network Europe drug classification tool version 9.0. Interventions were done through discussion with individual prescriber and patients. Consecutive sampling technique was used. Binary Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of medication related problems. Variables having P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Among 384 hypertension patients included in the study, 219 (57.1%) were male. The mean (SD) age was 49.06+17.79. Two thirds of study participants had at least one medication related problem. A total of 483 MRPs were identified among 231 (60.15%) patients. Treatment effectiveness related problem (55.48%) was the most common observed medication related problems. Alcoholism (AOR; 3.15, 95% CI [1.46-7.23]), stage II hypertension (AOR=2.77, 95% CI= [3.53-4.66]); comorbidity (AOR=2.88, 95% CI= [1.47-5.66]) and polypharmacy (AOR=3.07, 95% CI= [1.57-5.99]) were the independent predictors of medication related problems. Conclusion: The prevalence of medication related problems was high among hypertensive patients. Alcoholism, stage II hypertension, comorbidity and poly-pharmacy were the predictors of medication related problems. Therefore, to overcome the problems, clinical pharmacists, physicians and other health care professionals have to work in collaboration.

RESUMEN

Diabetes, a non-communicable metabolic disease, causes multiple complications and deaths worldwide. It is a complex, chronic disease that requires continuous medical care with multifactorial risk reduction strategies beyond glycemic control. Ongoing patient education and self-management support are critical for preventing acute complications and reducing the risk of long-term complications. There is ample evidence that healthy lifestyle choices, such as a healthy diet, moderate weight loss, and regular exercise, can maintain normal blood sugar levels and minimize diabetes-related complications. In addition, this lifestyle change has a major impact on controlling hyperglycemia and can help to maintain normal blood sugar levels. This study aimed to assess lifestyle modification and medication use in patients with diabetes mellitus at Jimma University Medical Center. Hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to September 30, 2021 among DM patients who have follow-up at diabetic clinic of Jimma University Medical Center. Consecutive sampling was used until the required sample size was achieved. Data were checked for completeness, then entered into Epidata version 4.2 software and exported to SPSS version 21.0. Pearson's chi-square test was performed to determine the association between KAP and independent factors. Variables with a p value < 0.05 were considered significant. A total of 190 participants took part in this study with a response rate of 100%. In this study, 69 (36.3%) participants had good knowledge, 82 (43.2%) moderate knowledge and 39 (20.5%) poor knowledge, 153 (85.8%) had positive attitudes, 141 (74.2%) had good practice. Marital status, Occupational status and educational status were significantly associated with knowledge and attitude towards LSM and medication use. Marital status was the only variable that remained significantly associated with knowledge, attitude and practice towards LSM and medication use. The result of this study showed that more than 20% of the participants had poor knowledge, attitude, and practice towards medication use and LSM. Marital status was the only variable which remained to be significantly associated with KAP towards LSM and medication use.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Background: One of the biggest emerging public health issues is the alarming increase in the prevelance of antibiotic resistance across the globe, which is linked to significant morbidity and mortality and demands special attention. The most significant risk factor for antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is increasing considerably in Ethiopia and is responsible for increased adverse effects, treatment failure, and rising health-care costs, is inappropriate antibiotic usage. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of antibiotics in inpatient settings at an Ethiopian teaching hospital providing tertiary care. Methods: The hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study was undertaken at JMC in southwest Ethiopia. Data were collected by using structured checklist which contains patient's sociodemographic characteristics and pattern of antimicrobial use. All cards of patients which fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected by using a systematic random sampling technique. Bivariate analysis was done to know the association between independent variable and the outcome variable. Results: The medical records of 402 pediatric patients who had taken at least one systemic antibiotic were examined. The most frequently prescribed combination antibiotics were ampicillin+gentamycin (43.33%) followed by ceftriaxone+gentamycin (15.23%). Gentamycin 116 (24.11%) was the most frequently used antimicrobial. Overall 19.29% of antibiotic use was improper. A higher percentage of participants 149 (22.41%) experienced inappropriate antibiotic usage as a result of inappropriate frequency. Pediatric patients stay in hospital ≥7 days (AOR; 2.45, 95%CI: 2.32-5.34), prescribed antibiotics ≥2 3.12 (AOR: 3.12, 95%CI: 6.32-13.37) and prescribed empirical treatment types (AOR; 2.65, 95%CI: 4.23-8.87) were independent predictors of inappropriate antibiotics use. Conclusion: Antibiotics were generally used inappropriately at high rates. Gentamycin and crystalline penicillin were the most prescribed antibiotics. Longer hospital stay, antibiotics prescription ≥2, and empirical treatments were the independent predictors of inappropriate antibiotic use.