RESUMEN
MAIN CONCLUSION: Present findings revealed a great variation in protein, oil, starch, tannin and phytic acid-like biochemical attributes of sorghum genotypes. GT bi-plot analysis was used for assessment of biochemical analysis results. Sorghum is quite resistant to negative environmental conditions. Thus, it has become the basic source of nutrient in majority of developing countries. It is also used as a supporting product against several diseases. In this study, biochemical composition of new 154 sorghum lines, selected from Turkish sorghum landraces through morphological, biochemical and molecular studies, was determined. Present findings revealed based on average of two years that crude protein content of 80 lines (> 9.65%), digestible protein content of 94 lines (> 56.25%), crude oil content of 75 lines (> 3.87%), resistant starch ratio of 32 lines (> 3.93%), starch content of two lines (> 77.07%) and amylose content of 10 lines (> %25.26) were greater than standard cultivar with the greatest values and amylopectin contents of 74 lines (< 47.75%) were lower than the standard cultivar with the lowest values. As the average of years, phytic acid contents and condense tannins contents of the lines, respectively, varied between 0.02 (IS 12850/1)-6.49% (PI 177161 03/2) and 0.09 (IS 12819/1)-5.38% (PI 255738 02/3). With this study, several sorghum lines superior than the standard cultivars were identified. Those lines can be used for direct cultivar registration in short run and can be used as parent materials in further breeding studies to be conducted for various purposes in long run.
Asunto(s)
Sorghum , Grano Comestible , Fitomejoramiento , Sorghum/genética , Almidón , TaninosRESUMEN
Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Bt) is well known for having toxicity against pest insects because of their ability to form endospores and broad-range activity of their parasporal inclusions. In this study, a new member of cry2A gene from previously characterized native B. thuringiensis SY49-1 strain was cloned, expressed and used for its activity against Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. The sequence analysis of the cloned cry2A gene revealed that it encodes a polypeptide of 633 aa residues with 99% identity to Cry2Aa protein with expected molecular weight of 70.7 kDa. Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin nomenclature committee designed our sequence as Cry2Aa18 being a new member of Bt toxins. Bioassays against last instar larvae of C. pipiens indicated that Cry2Aa18 has considerable toxicity with LC50 of 630 µg ml-1. In order to prevent the spread of infectious diseases mediated by C. pipiens, this newly characterized cry2Aa18 gene could constitute as an important biological control tool for controlling mosquito larvae living in freshwater systems and can be used as a good alternative for minimizing the use of chemicals.
Asunto(s)
Bacillus thuringiensis/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/toxicidad , Culex/efectos de los fármacos , Culex/fisiología , Endotoxinas/genética , Endotoxinas/toxicidad , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genética , Proteínas Hemolisinas/toxicidad , Insecticidas/farmacología , Animales , Toxinas de Bacillus thuringiensis , Proteínas Bacterianas/química , Bioensayo , Clonación Molecular , Endotoxinas/química , Expresión Génica , Proteínas Hemolisinas/química , Insecticidas/química , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Larva/fisiología , Peso Molecular , Homología de Secuencia de AminoácidoRESUMEN
In this study, the cry1Ab gene of previously characterized and Lepidoptera-, Diptera-, and Coleoptera-active Bacillus thuringiensis SY49-1 strain was cloned, expressed and individually tested on Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae. pET-cry1Ab plasmids were constructed by ligating the cry1Ab into pET28a (+) expression vector. Constructed plasmids were transferred to an Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain rendered competent with CaCl2. Isopropyl ß-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside was used to induce the expression of cry1Ab in E. coli BL21(DE3), and consequently, â¼130kDa of Cry1Ab was obtained. Bioassay results indicated that recombinant Cry1Ab at a dose of 1000µgg(-1) caused 40% and 64% mortality on P. interpunctella and E. kuehniella larvae, respectively. However, the mortality rates of Bt SY49-1 strains' spore-crystal mixture at the same dose were observed to be 70% on P. interpunctella and 90% on E. kuehniella larvae. The results indicated that cry1Ab may be considered as a good candidate in transgenic crop production and as an alternative biocontrol agent in controlling stored product moths.