RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc) involves inflammatory processes in the lower respiratory tract. Analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a non-invasive method for studying inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, which are of interest from both physiological and therapeutic perspectives. The aim of this study was to assess and compare cytokine concentrations in the EBC of SSc patients and controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: EBC was collected from 19 SSc patients and 19 controls. We used a multiplex assay test kit to assay interleukin (IL)-2, -4, -6, -10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma in samples concentrated by lyophilization. RESULTS: Cytokine concentrations in EBC were higher in SSc patients than in controls. The stepwise analyses showed that IL-4 was the biomarker which contributed most to the discrimination between controls and patients (Wilk's Lambda = 0.55, p < 0.001). We observed significant negative correlations of EBC cytokines with total lung capacity and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that EBC sampling permits the non-invasive study of inflammation in SSc patients, and may be correlated with the severity of interstitial lung disease.
Asunto(s)
Pruebas Respiratorias , Citocinas/metabolismo , Espiración/fisiología , Esclerodermia Sistémica/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Monóxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Humanos , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Pulmón/metabolismo , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esclerodermia Sistémica/fisiopatología , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
Among the 2,726 cases of human pesticide poisoning collected at the Poison Centre of Lille from January 1998 to May 2001, 39 cases were related to the ingestion of aldicarb. Analysis of the circumstances found a suicide attempts in 33 cases and an accidental ingestion in 6 cases. The sex-ratio was 31 men for 8 women, mean age was of 36.6 years (15 months--77 years). Thirty one poisoning were symptomatic with muscarinic signs (20 cases), digestive (15 cases), neurological (8 cases), nicotinic signs (6 cases). Treatment was based on digestive evacuation (14 cases), administration of activated charcoal (14 cases), atropine (7 cases), pralidoxime (1 case), preservative vital functions by intubation and ventilation (7 cases). Sedation was necessary in 4 cases. Hospitalization was necessary in 34 cases. The Poison Severity Score was estimated at 0 (any gravity) in 5 cases, 1 (weak) in 12 cases, 2 (moderate) in 7 cases, 3 (severe) in 8 cases and 4 (lethal) in 2 cases. In one of deaths, aldicarb was determined by HPLC-DAD in blood (6.04 micrograms/ml), urines (1.88 micrograms/ml) and gastric contents (3.98 micrograms/ml). These concentrations are the most important ever described in the literature. Aldicarb is the most toxic carbamate insecticide for human.
Asunto(s)
Aldicarb/envenenamiento , Insecticidas/envenenamiento , Administración Oral , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Francia/epidemiología , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Intoxicación/terapia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Among the 2 726 cases of human pesticide poisoning collected at the Poison Centre of Lille from January 1998 to May 2001, 39 cases were related to the ingestion of aldicarb. Analysis of the circumstances found a suicide attempts in 33 cases and an accidental ingestion in 6 cases. The sex-ratio was 31 men for 8 women, mean age was of 36,6 years (15 months - 77 years). Thirty one poisoning were symptomatic with muscarinic signs (20 cases), digestive (15 cases), neurological ( 8 cases), nicotinic signs (6 cases). Treatment was based on digestive evacuation (14 cases), administration of activated charcoal (14 cases), atropine (7 cases), pralidoxime (1 case), preservative vital functions by intubation and ventilation (7 cases). Sedation was necessary in 4 cases. Hospitalization was necessary in 34 cases. The Poison Severity Score was estimated at 0 (any gravity) in 5 cases, 1 (weak) in 12 cases, 2 (moderate) in 7 cases, 3 (severe) in 8 cases and 4 (lethal) in 2 cases. In one of deaths, aldicarb was determined by HPLC-DAD in blood (6,04 µg / ml), urines (1,88 µg / ml) and gastric contents (3,98 µg / ml). These concentrations are the most important ever described in the litterature. Aldicarb is the most toxic carbamate insecticide for human.