RESUMEN

Alcoholic patients are more susceptible to Strongyloides stercoralis infection. The chronic use of alcohol raises the levels of endogenous corticosteroids, which regulates the development of larvae and stimulates the differentiation of rhabditiform into infective filariform larvae, thus inducing internal autoinfection. Therefore, early diagnosis is important to prevent severe strongyloidiasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of parasitological methods, according to the parasite load and the number of stool samples, for diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection, as well the peripheral blood eosinophil count in alcoholic patients. A total of 330 patients were included in this study. The diagnosis was established using three parasitological methods: agar plate culture, Baermann-Moraes method and spontaneous sedimentation. Peripheral eosinophilia was considered when the level was >600 eosinophils/mm3. The agar plate culture (APC) had the highest sensitivity (97.3%). However, the analysis of multiple samples increased the sensitivity of all parasitological methods. The sensitivities of the methods were influenced by the parasite load. When the larval number was above 10, the sensitivity of APC was 100%, while in spontaneous sedimentation the sensitivity reached 100% when the larval number was above 50. In the present study, 15.4% of alcoholic patients infected with S. stercoralis (12/78) had increased peripheral blood eosinophil count (above 600 eosinophils/mm3). For an efficient parasitological diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection in alcoholic patients, repeated examination by two parasitological methods must be recommended, including agar plate culture due to its higher sensitivity. Moreover, S. stercoralis infection was associated with eosinophilia, mostly in patients excreting up to 10 larvae/g faeces.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Hemoplasmas are bacteria that infect erythrocytes, attaching to the red blood cell. There is a need for more reports of hemoplasma infection prevalence and molecular characterization among cats in Brazil since there are only few published reports. The present work aimed to detect and molecularly characterize the presence of hemotrophic mycoplasmas in domestic cats with outdoor access from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Twenty cats (10%) were positive for Candidatus M. haemominutum, five (2.5%) for M. haemofelis, and four (2.%) for M. turicensis based on 16S rRNA gene PCRs. Five cats (2.5%) were co-positive for Candidatus M. haemominutum and M. haemofelis. PCR diagnosis was confirmed by sequencing; and phylogenetic analysis was based on 16S rRNA and rnpb genes.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Piroplasmosis in donkeys has been recognized as a serious problem of major economic importance, since the affected animals manifest loss of appetite and decreased working capacity. The present work is aimed at detecting infection or exposure of donkeys in São Paulo, Brazil to Theileria (T.) equi and Babesia (B.) caballi using molecular and serological approaches. EDTA-blood and serum samples were collected from 88 donkeys (Equus asinus). From 88 sampled donkeys, 65 (73.86%; 95% confidence interval, PI=63.41, 82.65) and 82 (93.2%; 95% confidence interval, PI=85.75, 97.46) animals showed IgG antibodies to T. equi (by ELISA) and B. caballi (by IFAT), respectively. Twenty-eight (31.81%; 95% confidence interval, PI=22.3, 42.61) and 18 (20.45%; 95% confidence interval, PI=12.6, 30.39) donkeys were positive to T. equi and B. caballi nested PCR assays, respectively. The results indicated that T. equi and B. caballi are prevalent among donkeys in Brazil.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Hemoplasmas are bacteria that infect erythrocytes, attaching to the red blood cell. There is a need for more reports of hemoplasma infection prevalence and molecular characterization among cats in Brazil since there are only few published reports. The present work aimed to detect and molecularly characterize the presence of hemotrophic mycoplasmas in domestic cats with outdoor access from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Twenty cats (10%) were positive for Candidatus M. haemominutum, five (2.5%) for M. haemofelis, and four (2.%) for M. turicensis based on 16S rRNA gene PCRs. Five cats (2.5%) were co-positive for Candidatus M. haemominutum and M. haemofelis. PCR diagnosis was confirmed by sequencing; and phylogenetic analysis was based on 16S rRNA and rnpb genes.

RESUMEN

Trypanosoma evansi é patogênico para diversas espécies de animais em áreas tropicais e subtropicais. No Brasil, a doença é endêmica no Pantanal Mato-Grossense. Este estudo analisou o perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas de bovinos infectados experimentalmente com T. evansi. Foram utilizados oito bovinos, mestiços, com idade aproximada de oito meses, clinicamente sadios e soronegativos (RIFI) para T. evansi. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, G1: cinco bovinos inoculados via intravenosa com 2,2 x 107 tripomastigotas de T. evansi, e G2: três bovinos mantidos como controles. Sangue para obtenção do soro foi coletado diariamente até o 15º dia após a inoculação (DAI), e posteriormente a intervalos semanais até o 204º DAI, a cada 14 dias até o 372º DAI e a cada 30 dias até o 522º DAI. Para o fracionamento das proteínas foi utilizada a eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE). Por meio da prova biológica, detectou-se T. evansi nos bovinos 01, 06 e 08 no 15º DAI, 06 e 07 no 30º DAI, 01 e 06 no 45º DAI, 06 no 60º DAI e 01 no 75º DAI. Vinte e seis proteínas com pesos moleculares variando de 20 a 245 kDa foram encontradas nos bovinos, sendo que oito foram identificadas nominalmente: imunoglobulina A (IgA), ceruloplasmina, transferrina, albumina, imunoglobulinas G (IgG) de cadeia pesada e de cadeia leve, haptoglobina e glicoproteína ácida.

Trypanosoma evansi is pathogenic to several animal species in tropical and subtropical areas. In Brazil, the disease is endemic in Pantanal mato-grossense. This study aimed to determine the electrophoretic profile of serum proteins in experimentally infected cattle. Eight crossbred animals, aged approximately eight months, clinically healthy and seronegative (IFAT) for Tripanosoma evansi were used. The animals were divided into two groups, G1: five animals inoculated intravenously with 22 x 106 trypomastigotes of T. evansi, and G2: three animals kept as controls. The blood used to obtain serum samples was collected daily until the 15th day after inoculation (DAI), and subsequently, at weekly intervals until the 204thDAI, every 14 days until the 372ndDAI and every 30 days until the 522ndDAI. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) was used for the purification of proteins. Through the biological test, T. evansi was detected in animals 01, 06 and 08 on the 15th DAI, 06 and 07 on the 30th DAI, 01 and 06 on the 45th DAI, 06 on the 60th DAI and 01 on the 75th DAI. Twenty-six proteins with molecular weights ranging from 20 kDa to 245 kDa were found in cattle. Eight of them were nominally identified as immunoglobulin A (IgA), ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, heavy and light chain immunoglobulin G (IgG), haptoglobin and acid glycoprotein.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Trypanosoma evansi é patogênico para diversas espécies de animais em áreas tropicais e subtropicais. No Brasil, a doença é endêmica no Pantanal Mato-Grossense.  Este estudo analisou o perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas de bovinos infectados experimentalmente com T. evansi. Foram utilizados oito bovinos, mestiços, com idade aproximada de oito meses, clinicamente sadios e soronegativos (RIFI) para T. evansi. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, G1: cinco bovinos inoculados via intravenosa com 2,2 x 107 tripomastigotas de T. evansi, e G2: três bovinos mantidos como controles. Sangue para obtenção do soro foi coletado diariamente até o 15º dia após a inoculação (DAI), e posteriormente a intervalos semanais até o 204º DAI, a cada 14 dias até o 372º DAI e a cada 30 dias até o 522º DAI. Para o fracionamento das proteínas foi utilizada a eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE). Por meio da prova biológica, detectou-se T. evansi nos bovinos 01, 06 e 08 no 15º DAI, 06 e 07 no 30º DAI, 01 e 06 no 45º DAI,

RESUMEN

Trypanosoma evansi é patogênico para diversas espécies de animais em áreas tropicais e subtropicais. No Brasil, a doença é endêmica no Pantanal Mato-Grossense. Este estudo analisou o perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas de bovinos infectados experimentalmente com T. evansi. Foram utilizados oito bovinos, mestiços, com idade aproximada de oito meses, clinicamente sadios e soronegativos (RIFI) para T. evansi. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, G1: cinco bovinos inoculados via intravenosa com 2,2 x 107 tripomastigotas de T. evansi, e G2: três bovinos mantidos como controles. Sangue para obtenção do soro foi coletado diariamente até o 15º dia após a inoculação (DAI), e posteriormente a intervalos semanais até o 204º DAI, a cada 14 dias até o 372º DAI e a cada 30 dias até o 522º DAI. Para o fracionamento das proteínas foi utilizada a eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE). Por meio da prova biológica, detectou-se T. evansi nos bovinos 01, 06 e 08 no 15º DAI, 06 e 07 no 30º DAI, 01 e 06 no 45º DAI, 06 no 60º DAI e 01 no 75º DAI. Vinte e seis proteínas com pesos moleculares variando de 20 a 245 kDa foram encontradas nos bovinos, sendo que oito foram identificadas nominalmente: imunoglobulina A (IgA), ceruloplasmina, transferrina, albumina, imunoglobulinas G (IgG) de cadeia pesada e de cadeia leve, haptoglobina e glicoproteína ácida.(AU)

Trypanosoma evansi is pathogenic to several animal species in tropical and subtropical areas. In Brazil, the disease is endemic in Pantanal mato-grossense. This study aimed to determine the electrophoretic profile of serum proteins in experimentally infected cattle. Eight crossbred animals, aged approximately eight months, clinically healthy and seronegative (IFAT) for Tripanosoma evansi were used. The animals were divided into two groups, G1: five animals inoculated intravenously with 22 x 106 trypomastigotes of T. evansi, and G2: three animals kept as controls. The blood used to obtain serum samples was collected daily until the 15th day after inoculation (DAI), and subsequently, at weekly intervals until the 204thDAI, every 14 days until the 372ndDAI and every 30 days until the 522ndDAI. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) was used for the purification of proteins. Through the biological test, T. evansi was detected in animals 01, 06 and 08 on the 15th DAI, 06 and 07 on the 30th DAI, 01 and 06 on the 45th DAI, 06 on the 60th DAI and 01 on the 75th DAI. Twenty-six proteins with molecular weights ranging from 20 kDa to 245 kDa were found in cattle. Eight of them were nominally identified as immunoglobulin A (IgA), ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, heavy and light chain immunoglobulin G (IgG), haptoglobin and acid glycoprotein.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Hemoplasmas are bacteria that infect erythrocytes, attaching to the red blood cell. There is a need for more reports of hemoplasma infection prevalence and molecular characterization among cats in Brazil since there are only few published reports. The present work aimed to detect and molecularly characterize the presence of hemotrophic mycoplasmas in domestic cats with outdoor access from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Twenty cats (10%) were positive for Candidatus M. haemominutum, five (2.5%) for M. haemofelis, and four (2.%) for M. turicensis based on 16S rRNA gene PCRs. Five cats (2.5%) were co-positive for Candidatus M. haemominutum and M. haemofelis. PCR diagnosis was confirmed by sequencing; and phylogenetic analysis was based on 16S rRNA and rnpb genes.

RESUMEN

Trypanosoma evansi é patogênico para diversas espécies de animais em áreas tropicais e subtropicais. No Brasil, a doença é endêmica no Pantanal Mato-Grossense.  Este estudo analisou o perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas de bovinos infectados experimentalmente com T. evansi. Foram utilizados oito bovinos, mestiços, com idade aproximada de oito meses, clinicamente sadios e soronegativos (RIFI) para T. evansi. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, G1: cinco bovinos inoculados via intravenosa com 2,2 x 107 tripomastigotas de T. evansi, e G2: três bovinos mantidos como controles. Sangue para obtenção do soro foi coletado diariamente até o 15º dia após a inoculação (DAI), e posteriormente a intervalos semanais até o 204º DAI, a cada 14 dias até o 372º DAI e a cada 30 dias até o 522º DAI. Para o fracionamento das proteínas foi utilizada a eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE). Por meio da prova biológica, detectou-se T. evansi nos bovinos 01, 06 e 08 no 15º DAI, 06 e 07 no 30º DAI, 01 e 06 no 45º DAI,

RESUMEN

Descrevem-se os aspectos clínicos da dilatação cística do úraco e uroperitônio em cinco touros. Os animais apresentaram, em datas distintas, distensão abdominal e diminuição da ingestão de alimentos e água, até culminar com inapetência, cerca de duas semanas após o aparecimento dos primeiros sintomas. Ocorreu distensão abdominal bilateral progressiva, que, no início do processo, era discreta e restrita ao quadrante inferior do abdômen; com cerca de duas semanas de evolução, o abdômen assumiu forma arredondada semelhante à pera. Observou-se bruxismo, atonia ruminal e desidratação. A abdominocentese revelou a presença de líquido amarelado com concentração de ureia superior a 200mg/dL. A concentração de ureia no soro sanguíneo variou de 220 a 280mg/dL e a creatinina de 65 a 82mg/dL. A ligadura do divertículo do úraco próximo ao vértex da bexiga foi eficaz nos quatro touros operados.

The clinical findings and outcomes in five bulls with a perforation or rupture of the urachal diverticulum are described. All the bulls had a dilated round or pear-shaped abdomen, bruxism, ruminal atony, and dehidration. In all the bulls, abdominocentesis yielded a stream fluid and the serum concentrations of urea and creatinine were 220 to 280mg/dL and 65 to 82mg/dL, respectively. Peritoneal fluid concentration of urea was higher than 200mg/dL. In fours bulls, urachal diverticulums were closed next to the cranial pole of the bladders. After the surgery, the recovery was effective.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Descrevem-se os aspectos clínicos da dilatação cística do úraco e uroperitônio em cinco touros. Os animais apresentaram, em datas distintas, distensão abdominal e diminuição da ingestão de alimentos e água, até culminar com inapetência, cerca de duas semanas após o aparecimento dos primeiros sintomas. Ocorreu distensão abdominal bilateral progressiva, que, no início do processo, era discreta e restrita ao quadrante inferior do abdômen; com cerca de duas semanas de evolução, o abdômen assumiu forma arredondada semelhante à pera. Observou-se bruxismo, atonia ruminal e desidratação. A abdominocentese revelou a presença de líquido amarelado com concentração de ureia superior a 200mg/dL. A concentração de ureia no soro sanguíneo variou de 220 a 280mg/dL e a creatinina de 65 a 82mg/dL. A ligadura do divertículo do úraco próximo ao vértex da bexiga foi eficaz nos quatro touros operados.(AU)

The clinical findings and outcomes in five bulls with a perforation or rupture of the urachal diverticulum are described. All the bulls had a dilated round or pear-shaped abdomen, bruxism, ruminal atony, and dehidration. In all the bulls, abdominocentesis yielded a stream fluid and the serum concentrations of urea and creatinine were 220 to 280mg/dL and 65 to 82mg/dL, respectively. Peritoneal fluid concentration of urea was higher than 200mg/dL. In fours bulls, urachal diverticulums were closed next to the cranial pole of the bladders. After the surgery, the recovery was effective.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Estabeleceu-se o perfil eletroforético de proteínas séricas de ratos Wistar experimentalmente infectados com Tripanosoma evansi, utilizando-se 40 ratos, distribuídos em oito grupos de cinco animais cada. Um grupo foi mantido como testemunho (G1), e os demais (G2 a G8) foram inoculados, via intraperitoneal, com cerca de 10³tripomastigota de T. evansi. Amostras de sangue para obtenção de soro foram coletadas no quinto (G2), 10º (G3), 15º (G4), 30º (G5), 45º (G6), 60º (G7) e 75º (G1 e G8) dia após as inoculações. O fracionamento das proteínas foi realizado pela técnica SDS-PAGE. Foram identificadas 31 proteínas, sendo sete de fase aguda: ceruloplasmina (101KD), hemopexina (83KD), transferrina (75KD), albumina (66KD), antitripsina (60KD), haptoglobina (44KD) e glicoproteína ácida (38KD). As proteínas com pesos moleculares 12KD; 22KD; 25KD; 28KD; 32,5KD; 35KD; 53,5KD; 63KD e 72KD apareceram apenas nos ratos inoculados com T. evansi.

This study established the electrophoretic profile of serum proteins of Wistar rats experimentally infected with Tripanosoma evansi. For such, 40 rats were allocated into eight groups of five animals. A group was kept as control (G1) and the others (G2 to G8) were intraperitoneally inoculated with 1.0 x 10³ tripomastigote of T. evansi. Blood samples were collected at 5th (G2), 10th (G3), 15th (G4), 30th (G5), 45th (G6), 60th (G7), and 75th (G1 and G8) days after inoculation (DAI). The serum protein concentrations were determined by means of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thirty-one distinct proteins were identified, seven of these were identified as acute phase proteins: ceruloplasmin (110KD), hemopexin (83KD), transferrin (75KD), albumin (66KD), antitrypsin (60KD), haptoglobin (44KD), and acid glycoprotein (38KD). The proteins with molecular weights 12KD; 22KD; 25KD; 28KD; 32,5KD; 35KD; 53,5KD; 63KD, and 72KD were found only in infected rats.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Estabeleceu-se o perfil eletroforético de proteínas séricas de ratos Wistar experimentalmente infectados com Tripanosoma evansi, utilizando-se 40 ratos, distribuídos em oito grupos de cinco animais cada. Um grupo foi mantido como testemunho (G1), e os demais (G2 a G8) foram inoculados, via intraperitoneal, com cerca de 10³tripomastigota de T. evansi. Amostras de sangue para obtenção de soro foram coletadas no quinto (G2), 10º (G3), 15º (G4), 30º (G5), 45º (G6), 60º (G7) e 75º (G1 e G8) dia após as inoculações. O fracionamento das proteínas foi realizado pela técnica SDS-PAGE. Foram identificadas 31 proteínas, sendo sete de fase aguda: ceruloplasmina (101KD), hemopexina (83KD), transferrina (75KD), albumina (66KD), antitripsina (60KD), haptoglobina (44KD) e glicoproteína ácida (38KD). As proteínas com pesos moleculares 12KD; 22KD; 25KD; 28KD; 32,5KD; 35KD; 53,5KD; 63KD e 72KD apareceram apenas nos ratos inoculados com T. evansi.(AU)

This study established the electrophoretic profile of serum proteins of Wistar rats experimentally infected with Tripanosoma evansi. For such, 40 rats were allocated into eight groups of five animals. A group was kept as control (G1) and the others (G2 to G8) were intraperitoneally inoculated with 1.0 x 10³ tripomastigote of T. evansi. Blood samples were collected at 5th (G2), 10th (G3), 15th (G4), 30th (G5), 45th (G6), 60th (G7), and 75th (G1 and G8) days after inoculation (DAI). The serum protein concentrations were determined by means of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thirty-one distinct proteins were identified, seven of these were identified as acute phase proteins: ceruloplasmin (110KD), hemopexin (83KD), transferrin (75KD), albumin (66KD), antitrypsin (60KD), haptoglobin (44KD), and acid glycoprotein (38KD). The proteins with molecular weights 12KD; 22KD; 25KD; 28KD; 32,5KD; 35KD; 53,5KD; 63KD, and 72KD were found only in infected rats.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection by measuring the levels of anti-Cryptosporidium IgG antibodies among people inhabiting three neighbourhoods of a periurban area of Salvador, Northeast of Brazil; and to investigate the effects of environmental sanitation measures, hygienic habits and household water supply, storage and handling on the frequency of these antibodies in sera of the studied population. METHODS: Cryptosporidium inter-household transmission was studied by comparing the frequency of anti-Cryptosporidium IgG antibodies among people inhabiting areas with or without different environmental sanitation measures and intra-household transmission by comparing the presence of these antibodies in families with or without cases of diarrhoea, associated with the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in their stools. Children or family members with diarrhoeal episodes were evaluated parasitologically for Cryptosporidium infection by testing stool specimens with the Ritchie-modified formol-ether concentration and the acid-fast staining methods. All groups were serologically evaluated for parasite exposure by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was detected in the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection between area 1 which had no environmental sanitation measures and area 3 which had improved environmental sanitation measures (P = 0.044). Most of the hygienic habits investigated did not correlate with the presence of anti-Cryptosporidium antibody in sera of the population studied. However, positive associations were found between both poor household water supply (OD = 0.17; 90% CI = 0.09-0.32; P = 0.0001) and drinking unboiled/unfiltered water (OD = 0.40; 90% CI = 0.24-0.67; P = 0.0002) with high levels of anti-Cryptosporidium antibodies in sera. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that although uncorrected household water supply, storage and handling play an important role on Cryptosporidium transmission in periurban areas of developing country cities, like Salvador, Brazil, inadequate environmental conditions may also contribute to the spread of this parasite.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

This research investigated the humoral immune response in sheep experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Ten healthy eight-months-old crossbred ewes were used. The animals were previously tested by fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and were serum negative for T. evansi. Four of them were kept as non-infected controls; three animals were experimentally infected by intravenous route with approximately 2.4 x 106 and the remaining three with 2.4 x 107 trypomastigotes of T. evansi. Serum samples of the experimentally T. evansi-infected and non-infected sheeps were obtained before inoculation and daily thereafter until 14 days post infection (DPI). Later, the serum samples were obtained weekly and biweekly until the 133rd and 253rd DPI, respectively. No clinical signs were observed. The immune responses started on the 14th DPI and progressive increases in antibodies levels were documented between the 30th and the 90th DPI. After this period the levels of antibodies remained high up to the end of the observation period. Sheeps experimentally infected with 2.4 x 107 trypomastigotes of T. evansi showed the highest IFAT values. KEY-WORDS: Trypanosoma evansi. Trypanosomiasis. Sheep. Immune response

A presente pesquisa objetivou estudar a resposta imunitária humoral de ovinos experimentalmente infectados com T.evansi. Para tal, foram utilizadas dez fêmeas, com idade aproximada de oito meses, com variado grau de mestiçagem, clinicamente sadias e sorologicamente negativas para a presença de anticorpos anti-T. evansi (Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta - RIFI). Desses dez animais, quatro foram utilizados como testemunhos (G3) e os seis restantes constituíram os grupos G1 e G2. As ovelhas do G1 e G2 foram inoculadas via intravenosa, com cerca de 2,4 x 106 e 2,4 x 107 tripomastigotas de T. evansi, respectivamente. A pesquisa de anticorpos anti-T. evansi foi realizada diariamente até o 14º dia após as inoculações (DAI), semanalmente até 133º DAI e a cada 15 dias até o 253º DAI. O curso da doença foi assintomático e anticorpos anti-T. evansi foram identificados no soro dos ovinos inoculados a partir do 14º DAI. Títulos crescentes foram verificados entre o 30º e 90º DAI e, após esse período, mantiveram-se elevados até o final do período de observação. Os ovinos que receberam maior inóculo (G2) apresentaram em média maiores títulos de anticorpos anti-T. evansi.PALAVRAS CHAVE: Trypanosoma evansi. Tripanossomíase. Ovinos. Resposta imune.

RESUMEN

The humoral antibody response to Cryptosporidium was investigated in mice genetically selected for high (H) and low (L) antibody responsiveness. Groups of 4-5 mice from two different selections, general primary (GP) and general secondary (GS), were studied. Following immunization with Cryptosporidium parvum antigens, the maximum levels of IgG in the HGP, (X ñ SD = 1.13 ñ 0.35, N = 5) and in the HGS (0.42 ñ 0.15, N = 4) lines, and of IgM in the HGP line (0.86 ñ 0.53, N = 5) were significantly higher than those in their L counterparts (0.04 ñ 0.02, N = 5;0.05 ñ 0.02, N = 4 and 0.24 ñ 0.07, N = 5, respectively). These findings were similar to those reported for other immunogens. However, the IgG (0.22 ñ 0.05, N = 4) and the IgM (0.33 ñ 0.08, N = 4) responses to immunization of F1 (LGP x HGP) hybrids indicated an incomplete dominance of the low response, in contrast to the incomplete dominance of the high response described for many other antigens and representing an important exception. In addition, the H, L and F1 mice did not develop detectable infections when inoculated with live Cryptosporidium oocysts, supporting the view that a reduced or zero antibody production itself is not enough to permit the establishment of Cryptosporidium infection in adult mice.

Asunto(s)