RESUMEN
GOAL OF THE STUDY: The umbilicus has a major role in the aesthetics of the anterior abdominal wall. Many publications deal with abdominal dermolipectomies but few focus on umbilicoplasty. However, these are essential in assessing the aesthetic result. Umbilicoplasty in "aile de mouette" used in our service is reliable and easily reproducible. In this article, we evaluate the satisfaction of patients with abdominal dermolipectomy with this technique of transposition. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In the plastic surgery department of the Saint-Louis Hospital in Paris, we carried out a retrospective study of patients undergoing abdominal dermolipectomy with transposition of the umbilicus, between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2012. All patients were operated according to our technique of umbilicoplasty: disinsertion of the umbilicus in V, reinsertion of the umbilic in "aile de mouette", a degreasing periumbilical associated with a plication of the umbilical stem. The complications identified in patients medical records and satisfaction were assessed by a telephone questionnaire. RESULTS: Ninety-six patients were included. No patient presented umbilical necrosis. The overall result of umbilical transposition was considered good to excellent for 92.7% of patients. CONCLUSION: Umbilicoplasty in gull wing has many advantages: it is a simple, easily reproducible, reliable technique, the patients of which are for the most part very satisfied.
Asunto(s)
Lipoabdominoplastía/métodos , Satisfacción del Paciente , Ombligo/cirugía , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , AutoinformeRESUMEN
High-risk human papillomaviruses are causative agents of cervical cancer. Viral protein E7 is required to establish and maintain the pro-oncogenic phenotype in infected cells, but the molecular mechanisms by which E7 promotes carcinogenesis are only partially understood. Our transcriptome analyses in primary human fibroblasts transduced with the viral protein revealed that E7 activates a group of mitotic genes via the activator B-Myb-MuvB complex. We show that E7 interacts with the B-Myb, FoxM1 and LIN9 components of this activator complex, leading to cooperative transcriptional activation of mitotic genes in primary cells and E7 recruitment to the corresponding promoters. E7 interaction with LIN9 and FoxM1 depended on the LXCXE motif, which is also required for pocket protein interaction and degradation. Using E7 mutants for the degradation of pocket proteins but intact for the LXCXE motif, we demonstrate that E7 functional interaction with the B-Myb-MuvB complex and pocket protein degradation are two discrete functions of the viral protein that cooperate to promote acute transcriptional activation of mitotic genes. Transcriptional level of E7 in patient's cervical lesions at different stages of progression was shown to correlate with those of B-Myb and FoxM1 as well as other mitotic gene transcripts, thereby linking E7 with cellular proliferation and progression in cervical cancer in vivo. E7 thus can directly activate the transcriptional levels of cell cycle genes independently of pocket protein stability.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Papillomavirus Humano 16/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas E7 de Papillomavirus/metabolismo , Transactivadores/metabolismo , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Proteína Forkhead Box M1 , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Células HEK293 , Células HeLa , Humanos , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Mitosis , Mutación , Proteínas E7 de Papillomavirus/genética , Fase S , Activación Transcripcional , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patologíaRESUMEN
The sensitizing potential of chemicals is usually identified and characterized using one of the available animal test methods, such as the mouse local lymph node assay. Due to the increasing public and political concerns regarding the use of animals for the screening of new chemicals, the Colipa Skin Tolerance Task Force collaborates with and/or funds research groups to increase and apply our understanding of the events occurring during the acquisition of skin sensitization. Knowledge gained from this research is used to support the development and evaluation of novel alternative approaches for the identification and characterization of skin sensitizing chemicals. At present one in chemico (direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA)) and two in vitro test methods (cell based assays (MUSST and h-CLAT)) have been evaluated within Colipa inter-laboratory ring trials and accepted by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) for pre-validation. Data from all three test methods will be used to support the development of testing strategy approaches for skin sensitizer potency prediction. The replacement of the need for animal testing for skin sensitization risk assessment is viewed as ultimately achievable and the next couple of years should set the timeline for this milestone.
Asunto(s)
Alérgenos/toxicidad , Alternativas a las Pruebas en Animales , Haptenos/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Irritación de la Piel/métodos , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Alérgenos/clasificación , Alérgenos/farmacocinética , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Biología Computacional , Haptenos/análisis , Humanos , Medición de Riesgo , Piel/metabolismo , Células U937RESUMEN
High-risk papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) is one of the less represented HPV types in low-grade lesions of the anogenital tract, whereas it occupies the second place in cervical cancer, where it can be found in 16% of the cases worldwide, after HPV16 present in 54% of them. These epidemiological data indicate that HPV18 infection is more prone to carcinogenic progression. The main oncogenic proteins, E6 and E7 of HPV18, are functionally comparable to the homologous proteins of the other high-risk viruses, including HPV16. In this work, we investigated the possibility that the higher oncogenic potential of HPV18 might be due to transcriptional regulation of the E6/E7 oncogenes. By comparing the E6/E7 promoter and enhancer sequences of the mucosal HPV genomes, we identified E2F binding sites specific for HPV18. The E2F family of transcription factors contains activators (E2F1-3) and repressors (E2F4-8) that regulate the transcription of S-phase and mitotic genes and thereby have a crucial role in cell-cycle progression. Surprisingly, we identified E2F5 as a direct activator of HPV18 E6/E7 transcription by sequential silencing of E2F members in HeLa cells. In addition, we could show that E2F5 positively regulates S-phase entry in HeLa cells and that this activation of the cell cycle by a member of the E2F repressor family is specific for HPV18-expressing cells. Diverting the function of E2F5 from a cell-cycle repressor into an activator might contribute to the higher oncogenic potential of HPV18 when compared with other high-risk HPV types.
Asunto(s)
Células/patología , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Factor de Transcripción E2F5/fisiología , Papillomavirus Humano 18 , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/patología , Fase S , Secuencia de Bases , Transformación Celular Viral/genética , Células/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción E2F5/metabolismo , Regulación Viral de la Expresión Génica , Células HeLa , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/metabolismo , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/metabolismo , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Proteínas Represoras/fisiología , Elementos de Respuesta , Fase S/genética , Fase S/fisiología , Transactivadores/metabolismo , Transactivadores/fisiología , Activación TranscripcionalRESUMEN
Acetylene (C2H2) inhibits key enzymes involved in nitrification (Ammonium monooxygenase) and denitrification (N2O reductases). Thus an injection of C2H2 at mid time of a batch type incubation make it possible to assess denitrification by measurement of the N2O accumulation as well as nitrification, calculated from the variations of the ammonium flux. As estimated by the "acetylene block technique", denitrification is known to be only a measure of the denitrification rate supported by nitrate diffusing from the water column (Dw). This paper presents a first application on river epilithic biofilms which proved that the simultaneous measurement of Dw and nitrification allows the estimation of the order of magnitude of total denitrification (Dt) when nitrification is detected in the tested sample. This approach appears to be an easy tool for determination of nitrification and denitrification in natural samples and as thus presents an alternative to isotopic 15N methods.