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Objective: To validate the 10-item Cervantes Scale (CS-10) among Brazilian women. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study involving women in the community aged 40-55 years in the Southern region of Brazil. They completed a general health, habits and socio-demographic questionnaire, the CS-10 and the Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ). Women unable to understand the survey, not consenting to participate, or having incapacity imposing difficulties during the completion of the questionnaire were excluded. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted with the AMOS 16.0 software. Chi-square of degrees of freedom (χ2/df), the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) and the Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) were used as indices of goodness of fit. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for internal consistency. Results: A total of 422 women were included (premenopausal n=35, perimenopausal n=172, postmenopausal n=215). The CFA for the CS-10 showed a good fit (χ²/df=1.454, CFI=0.989; TLI=0.985; RMSEA=0.033; CI 90%=0.002-0.052; PCLOSE=0.921; Model p=0.049). Good reliability was established in CS-10 and WHQ (Cronbach's alpha=0.724). Postmenopausal women had higher total CS-10 scores (p≤0.0001), reflecting worse quality of life (QoL) related to menopause symptoms and confirming the greater symptomatology evaluated by high total scores for WHQ found in this population when compared to those in the premenopausal period (p=0.041). Conclusion: The CS-10 is a consistent tool for health-related QoL in Brazilian mid-aged women.

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Abstract Objective: To validate the 10-item Cervantes Scale (CS-10) among Brazilian women. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study involving women in the community aged 40-55 years in the Southern region of Brazil. They completed a general health, habits and socio-demographic questionnaire, the CS-10 and the Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ). Women unable to understand the survey, not consenting to participate, or having incapacity imposing difficulties during the completion of the questionnaire were excluded. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted with the AMOS 16.0 software. Chi-square of degrees of freedom (χ2/df), the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) and the Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) were used as indices of goodness of fit. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for internal consistency. Results: A total of 422 women were included (premenopausal n=35, perimenopausal n=172, postmenopausal n=215). The CFA for the CS-10 showed a good fit (χ²/df=1.454, CFI=0.989; TLI=0.985; RMSEA=0.033; CI 90%=0.002-0.052; PCLOSE=0.921; Model p=0.049). Good reliability was established in CS-10 and WHQ (Cronbach's alpha=0.724). Postmenopausal women had higher total CS-10 scores (p≤0.0001), reflecting worse quality of life (QoL) related to menopause symptoms and confirming the greater symptomatology evaluated by high total scores for WHQ found in this population when compared to those in the premenopausal period (p=0.041). Conclusion: The CS-10 is a consistent tool for health-related QoL in Brazilian mid-aged women.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) and kidney transplant recipients (KTR) present multiple factors that may increase the risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and impact of COVID-19 in RRT patients and KTRs. Methods: Between March 2020 and February 2021, we monitored the RRT population of thirteen dialysis facilities that refer patients for transplantation to our center, a tertiary hospital in Southern Brazil. In the same period, we also monitor COVID-19 incidence and mortality in our KTR population. Demographical, clinical, and COVID-19-related information were analyzed. Results: We evaluated 1545 patients in the dialysis centers, of which 267 (17.4%) were infected by COVID-19 and 53 (19.9%) died. Among 275 patients on the kidney transplant waiting list, 63 patients (22.9%) were infected and seven (11.1%) died. COVID-19 was the leading cause of death (29.2%) among patients on the waiting list. Within the population of 1360 KTR, 134 (9.85%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 20 (14.9%) died. The number of kidney transplants decreased by 56.7% compared with the same period in the previous twelve months. Conclusion: In the study period, patients on RRT and KTRs presented a high incidence of COVID-19 and high COVID-19-related lethality. The impact on the patients on the transplant waiting list was less pronounced. The lethality rate observed in both cohorts seems to be related to age, comorbidities, and disease severity.

Resumo Introdução: Pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) e receptores de transplante renal (RTR) apresentam múltiplos fatores que podem aumentar o risco de óbito por doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar incidência e impacto da COVID-19 em pacientes em TRS e RTR. Métodos: Entre Março de 2020 e Fevereiro de 2021, monitoramos a população em TRS de treze unidades de diálise que encaminham pacientes para transplante ao nosso centro, um hospital terciário no Sul do Brasil. No mesmo período, também monitoramos a incidência e mortalidade da COVID-19 em nossa população de RTR. Foram analisadas informações demográficas, clínicas e relacionadas à COVID-19. Resultados: Avaliamos 1545 pacientes nos centros de diálise, dos quais 267 (17,4%) foram infectados pela COVID-19 e 53 (19,9%) foram a óbito. Entre 275 pacientes na lista de espera para transplante renal, 63 (22,9%) foram infectados e sete (11,1%) foram a óbito. COVID-19 foi a principal causa de óbito (29,2%) entre pacientes na lista de espera. Dentre a população de 1360 RTR, 134 (9,85%) foram diagnosticados com COVID-19 e 20 (14,9%) foram a óbito. O número de transplantes renais diminuiu em 56,7% comparado ao mesmo período nos doze meses anteriores. Conclusão: No período do estudo, pacientes em TRS e RTR apresentaram alta incidência de COVID-19 e alta letalidade relacionada à COVID-19. O impacto nos pacientes na lista de espera para transplante foi menos pronunciado. A taxa de letalidade observada em ambas as coortes parece estar relacionada à idade, comorbidades e gravidade da doença.

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INTRODUCTION: Patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) and kidney transplant recipients (KTR) present multiple factors that may increase the risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and impact of COVID-19 in RRT patients and KTRs. METHODS: Between March 2020 and February 2021, we monitored the RRT population of thirteen dialysis facilities that refer patients for transplantation to our center, a tertiary hospital in Southern Brazil. In the same period, we also monitor COVID-19 incidence and mortality in our KTR population. Demographical, clinical, and COVID-19-related information were analyzed. RESULTS: We evaluated 1545 patients in the dialysis centers, of which 267 (17.4%) were infected by COVID-19 and 53 (19.9%) died. Among 275 patients on the kidney transplant waiting list, 63 patients (22.9%) were infected and seven (11.1%) died. COVID-19 was the leading cause of death (29.2%) among patients on the waiting list. Within the population of 1360 KTR, 134 (9.85%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 20 (14.9%) died. The number of kidney transplants decreased by 56.7% compared with the same period in the previous twelve months. CONCLUSION: In the study period, patients on RRT and KTRs presented a high incidence of COVID-19 and high COVID-19-related lethality. The impact on the patients on the transplant waiting list was less pronounced. The lethality rate observed in both cohorts seems to be related to age, comorbidities, and disease severity.

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BACKGROUND: There is no specific recommendation for nutrition therapy for critically ill older adults. However, targeting energy and protein balance and avoiding fasting could improve outcomes in this population with high-risk nutrition outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between nutrition and mortality/functionality in critically ill older patients. METHODS: A single-center retrospective observational study of critically ill patients aged 65 years or older was conducted. We extracted data from the dietitian evaluations on energy, protein, and the type of diet (fasting, oral, enteral, or parenteral) prescribed in the first week of intensive care unit admission. Primary outcomes were intrahospital mortality and independence and functional capacity evaluated after hospital discharge. RESULTS: Of the 2043 patients screened, 533 were included in the study. Most patients were men (52.1%), with a median age of 73 (68-78) years. Overall, the intrahospital mortality rate was 53.8%. Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS 3), serum albumin and C-reactive protein levels, and surgical patients were independently associated with fasting in a multivariate analysis. The multivariate regression analyses showed that SAPS 3, serum albumin level, and fasting were independently associated with mortality. Each fasting day increases the risk of mortality by 16.7%. Also, independence and functional capacity were not related to nutrition prescription. CONCLUSION: Older adults (65 years or older) constitute a fragile population in whom nutrition breaks were associated with increased hospital mortality. Furthermore, a prospective clinical trial is necessary to establish the best strategy to feed this population.

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Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as causas de internações da FASE do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e a sua relação com a mortalidade de adolescentes egressos entre os anos de 2002 a 2014. Estudo observacional realizado com o banco de dados de adolescentes privados de liberdade nas unidades da FASE-RS de Porto Alegre, desligados nos anos de 2002 a 2012 (n = 8290). Informações sobre data de desligamento, ato infracional, tempo de internação e variáveis biológicas foram obtidas de banco de dados. Essa amostra foi comparada com o Sistema de Verificação de Óbitos da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde para analisar a mortalidade entre os anos de 2002 e 2014. Os adolescentes foram internados predominantemente por atos infracionais de cunho patrimonial e ligados a entorpecentes, os quais sofreram um aumento de aproximadamente 700% no período. O desfecho óbito associou-se (p < 0,001) às variáveis gênero masculino e número de entradas (≥ 3). Essa amostra apresentou alta taxa de mortalidade sendo a principal causa homicídio. Os achados evidenciam o alto grau de vulnerabilidade psicossocial dos egressos do sistema penal juvenil de internação. Nota-se uma associação entre crimes de baixo poder ofensivo e altas taxas de mortalidade pós-liberdade.

Abstract The objective of this article is to analyze the detention of youth offenders involved in the juvenile justice system in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FASE-RS), the reason for detention, and mortality among former young offenders. We conducted an observational study with youth offenders discharged from facilities run by FASE-RS in Porto Alegre between 2002 and 2012 (n = 8,290). We collected the following information: date of discharge, offence committed, skin color, gender, and duration of detention. The data was crosschecked with data from the state's Mortality Information System to identify deaths among former young offenders up to December 2014. The predominant offences were crimes against property and drug-related crimes. The large majority of youth detained for drug-related offences were admitted for offences related to drug trafficking. There was a seven-fold increase in drug-related offences over the period. Death was associated (p<0.001) with being male and number of reentries (>3). The sample's mortality rate was high and the main cause of death was homicide. The findings suggest that young offenders face high levels of psychosocial vulnerability. There was an association between minor crimes and high rates of mortality among former young offenders.

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The objective of this article is to analyze the detention of youth offenders involved in the juvenile justice system in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FASE-RS), the reason for detention, and mortality among former young offenders. We conducted an observational study with youth offenders discharged from facilities run by FASE-RS in Porto Alegre between 2002 and 2012 (n = 8,290). We collected the following information: date of discharge, offence committed, skin color, gender, and duration of detention. The data was crosschecked with data from the state's Mortality Information System to identify deaths among former young offenders up to December 2014. The predominant offences were crimes against property and drug-related crimes. The large majority of youth detained for drug-related offences were admitted for offences related to drug trafficking. There was a seven-fold increase in drug-related offences over the period. Death was associated (p<0.001) with being male and number of reentries (>3). The sample's mortality rate was high and the main cause of death was homicide. The findings suggest that young offenders face high levels of psychosocial vulnerability. There was an association between minor crimes and high rates of mortality among former young offenders.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as causas de internações da FASE do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e a sua relação com a mortalidade de adolescentes egressos entre os anos de 2002 a 2014. Estudo observacional realizado com o banco de dados de adolescentes privados de liberdade nas unidades da FASE-RS de Porto Alegre, desligados nos anos de 2002 a 2012 (n = 8290). Informações sobre data de desligamento, ato infracional, tempo de internação e variáveis biológicas foram obtidas de banco de dados. Essa amostra foi comparada com o Sistema de Verificação de Óbitos da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde para analisar a mortalidade entre os anos de 2002 e 2014. Os adolescentes foram internados predominantemente por atos infracionais de cunho patrimonial e ligados a entorpecentes, os quais sofreram um aumento de aproximadamente 700% no período. O desfecho óbito associou-se (p < 0,001) às variáveis gênero masculino e número de entradas (≥ 3). Essa amostra apresentou alta taxa de mortalidade sendo a principal causa homicídio. Os achados evidenciam o alto grau de vulnerabilidade psicossocial dos egressos do sistema penal juvenil de internação. Nota-se uma associação entre crimes de baixo poder ofensivo e altas taxas de mortalidade pós-liberdade.

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Neonatal mortality still remains a complex challenge to be addressed. In Brazil, 60% of neonatal deaths occur among preterm infants with a gestational age of 32 weeks or less (≤32w). The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors involved in the high mortality rates among newborns with a gestational age ≤32w in a socioeconomically developed southern city in Brazil. Data on retrospective births and deaths (2000-2014) were analyzed from two official Brazilian national databases. The risk of neonatal death for all independent variables (mother's age and schooling, prenatal visits, birth hospital, delivery method, gestational age, and the newborn's sex, age, and birth year, gemelarity, congenital anomalies and birthplace) was assessed with a univariable and a multivariable model of Cox's semiparametric proportional hazards regression (p < 0.05). Data of 288,904 newborns were included, being 4,514 with a gestational age ≤32w. The proportion of these early newborns remained stable among all births, while the neonatal mortality rate for this group tended to decrease (p < 0.001). The adjusted risk was significantly for lower birthweight infants (mean 659.13 g) born from Caesarean (HR 0.58 [95% CI 0.47-0.71]), but it was significantly higher for heavier birth weight infants (mean 2,087.79) also born via Caesarean section (HR 3.71 [95% CI 1.5-9.15]). Newborns with lower weight seemed to benefit most from Cesarean deliveries. Effort towards reducing unacceptably high surgical deliveries must take into account cases that the operations may be lifesaving for mother and/or the baby.

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