RESUMEN
Naproxen (NPX) as an emerging anthropogenic contaminant was detected in many water sources, which can pose a serious threat to the environment and human health. Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) decomposed by Cu(I) has been considered an effective activation method to produce reactive species. However, this decontamination process is restricted by the slow transformation of Cu(II)/Cu(I) by PMS. Herein, new N-(L-cysteine/triazine)-O-(carboxymethyl)-chitosan/cobalt ferrate-rice hull hybrid biocomposite was constructed to anchor the mixed-valent Cu(I)-Cu (II) (CuI, II-CCCF) for removing pharmaceutical pollutants (i.e., naproxen, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, and paracetamol). The structural, morphological, and catalytic properties of the CuI,II-CCCF have been fully identified by a series of physicochemical characterizations. Results demonstrated that the multifunctional, hydrophilic character, and negative ζ-potential of the activator, accelerating the redox cycle of Cu(II)/Cu(I) with hydroxyl amine (HA). The negligible metal leaching, well-balanced thermodynamic-kinetic properties, and efficient adsorption-catalysis synergy are the main reasons for the significantly enhanced catalytic performance of CuI,II-CCCF in the removal of NPX (98.6 % at 7.0 min). The main active species in the catalytic degradation of NPX were identified (âOH > SO4â- > 1O2 > > O2â-) and consequently suggested a degradation path. It can be noted that these types of carbohydrate-based nanocomposite offer numerous advantages, encompassing simple preparation, excellent decontamination capabilities, and long-term stability.
Asunto(s)
Quitosano , Cobalto , Cobre , Nanocompuestos , Naproxeno , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Quitosano/química , Quitosano/análogos & derivados , Nanocompuestos/química , Cobre/química , Naproxeno/química , Cinética , Catálisis , Adsorción , Cobalto/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Peróxidos/química , Cisteína/química , Purificación del Agua/métodos , HierroRESUMEN
Due to the high heat and chemical stability of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) with significant impacts on humans/animals and thus it needs to develop a practical and efficient approach for its removal. Herein, we fabricated a magnetic Pd-chitosan/glutaraldehyde/rice husk/hercynite (Pd@CRH-x) composite for efficient detoxification of AFB1. The Pd@CRH-x was obtained by a simple wet-impregnation procedure of CRH complexes followed by pyrolysis. The results confirmed that the unique structure of Pd@CRH-400 effectively improves dispersity, and mass transfer subsequently enhancing removal efficiency in batch conditions. Results indicate 94.30 % of AFB1 was efficiently degraded by 0.1 mg mL-1 Pd@CRH-400 with 4.0 mM H2O2 at wide pH ranges (3.0-10) at 60 min with a decomposition rate constant of 0.0467 min-1. Besides, by comparing the quality factors of edible oil (i.e., acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, moisture, volatile matters, anisidine value, and fatty acid composition), it was confirmed that there was no obvious influence on the physicochemical indicators of edible oil after removal/storage process. Subsequently, the systematic kinetic study and AFB1 degradation mechanism were presented. This study provides a new strategy for the efficient construction of controllable and dispersed Pd-based catalysts using CRH-x as a spatial support for alleviating the risk of toxic pollutants.
Asunto(s)
Quitosano , Oryza , Humanos , Animales , Aflatoxina B1/química , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Oryza/química , Fenómenos MagnéticosRESUMEN
This paper presents a novel integrated hybrid approach for fault diagnosis (FD) of nonlinear systems taking advantage of both the system's mathematical model and the adaptive nonlinear approximation capability of computational intelligence techniques. Unlike most FD techniques, the proposed solution simultaneously accomplishes fault detection, isolation, and identification (FDII) within a unified diagnostic module. At the core of this solution is a bank of adaptive neural parameter estimators (NPEs) associated with a set of single-parameter fault models. The NPEs continuously estimate unknown fault parameters (FPs) that are indicators of faults in the system. Two NPE structures, series-parallel and parallel, are developed with their exclusive set of desirable attributes. The parallel scheme is extremely robust to measurement noise and possesses a simpler, yet more solid, fault isolation logic. In contrast, the series-parallel scheme displays short FD delays and is robust to closed-loop system transients due to changes in control commands. Finally, a fault tolerant observer (FTO) is designed to extend the capability of the two NPEs that originally assumes full state measurements for systems that have only partial state measurements. The proposed FTO is a neural state estimator that can estimate unmeasured states even in the presence of faults. The estimated and the measured states then comprise the inputs to the two proposed FDII schemes. Simulation results for FDII of reaction wheels of a three-axis stabilized satellite in the presence of disturbances and noise demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FDII solutions under partial state measurements.
Asunto(s)
Simulación por Computador , Modelos Teóricos , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Dinámicas no Lineales , Algoritmos , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Several studies suggest that patients with late-onset major depression (MD) have an increased load of cerebral white-matter lesions (WMLs) compared with age-matched controls. Vascular risk factors such as hypertension and smoking may confound such findings. Our aim was to investigate the association between the localization and load of WMLs in late-onset MD with respect to vascular risk factors. METHOD: We examined 22 consecutive patients with late-onset first-episode MD and 22 age- and gender-matched controls using whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The localization, number and volume of WMLs were compared between patients and controls, while testing the effect of vascular risk factors. RESULTS: Among subjects with one or more WMLs, patients displayed a significantly higher WML density in two white-matter tracts: the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and the right frontal projections of the corpus callosum. These tracts are part of circuitries essential for cognitive and emotional functions. Analyses revealed no significant difference in the total number and volume of WMLs between groups. Patients and controls showed no difference in vascular risk factors, except for smoking. Lesion load was highly correlated with smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that lesion localization rather than lesion load differs between patients with late-onset MD and controls. Increased lesion density in regions associated with cognitive and emotional functions may be crucial in late-onset MD, and vascular risk factors such as smoking may play an important role in the pathophysiology of late-onset MD, consistent with the vascular depression hypothesis.
Asunto(s)
Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Encéfalo/patología , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/patología , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Imagenología Tridimensional , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Fibras Nerviosas Mielínicas/patología , Fumar/efectos adversos , Anciano , Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Infarto Cerebral/patología , Cuerpo Calloso/patología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/tratamiento farmacológico , Dominancia Cerebral/fisiología , Femenino , Lóbulo Frontal/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vías Nerviosas/patología , Corteza Prefrontal/patología , Valores de Referencia , Factores de Riesgo , Estadística como AsuntoRESUMEN
This study examined patient and treatment variables associated with patients dropping out of psychiatric treatment, drop-outs' reasons for terminating treatment, and the relationship between drop-out and patient satisfaction. The term "drop-out' was defined as termination of treatment despite therapeutic need. In a cohort of 131 first-admission psychiatric patients, 26% of these subjects dropped out of treatment during the first year. Multivariate analysis showed that dropping out was predicted by (a) living alone, (b) unemployment, (c) young age and (d) change of treatment service within the last month demanded by the patient against medical advice. Variables such as gender, diagnosis, mode of admission, type of hospital ward, level of treatment, transfer in accordance with treatment needs and inappropriate transfer caused by the treatment system were all non-significant. The drop-outs were markedly less satisfied with both the outcome and various aspects of the treatment process than those who did not drop out. The most common reasons given by the drop-outs for terminating treatment were dissatisfaction with care (44%) and no need for further treatment (20%). Greater knowledge of the factors related to drop-out might increase the likelihood of keeping patients in treatment.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Admisión del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Pacientes Desistentes del Tratamiento/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Dinamarca/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Trastornos Mentales/terapia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pacientes Desistentes del Tratamiento/psicología , Satisfacción del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
Patient satisfaction with inpatient and outpatient psychiatric treatment in a community-oriented care organization was studied. The study included 155 psychiatric patients, who were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview one year following their first admission to a psychiatric hospital. The response rate was 65%. The patients were asked to evaluate the treatment provided during the first year following the first day of their admission. The level of satisfaction varied for different aspects of treatment. It was high with regard to global improvement, general satisfaction, and participation of relatives and low with regard to the quality of inpatient-care, extent of aftercare, coordination between services, information and influence on treatment. In the open-ended questions many patients expressed dissatisfaction with the amount of time available with the caregivers, especially the doctors. In general, satisfaction with specific areas of treatment was related to overall satisfaction.
Asunto(s)
Servicios Comunitarios de Salud Mental/normas , Trastornos Mentales/terapia , Satisfacción del Paciente , Adolescente , Adulto , Servicios Comunitarios de Salud Mental/organización & administración , Dinamarca , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico , Alta del Paciente , Educación del Paciente como Asunto , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Two cases of synergist postoperative infection are described. The importance of radical wound toilet and broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment is emphasized. Synergist infection should be borne in mind in cases where postoperative wound infection continues to spread despite thorough wound toilet.