RESUMEN
We examined the growth performance, tissue selenium (Se) concentration, and histopathology of Sacramento splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus) fed a control diet (0.4 microg Se/g) for 1, 3, 7, 13, 21 wk after a 9-month dietary exposure to 0.4, 12.6, 26.0, and 57.6 microg Se/g dry diet. Splittail previously fed 57.6 microg Se/g showed a significantly (P<0.05) lower final body weight but had higher weight gain than fish fed 0.4 microg Se/g diet at the end of the 21-wk depuration study. There were no significant differences in body weight in fish previously fed diets with or less than 26.0 microg Se/g. Liver and muscle Se concentrations decreased significantly in fish previously fed 26.0 and 57.6 microg Se/g diet but did not change significantly in fish fed 12.6 or less mug Se/g diet at the end of 21 wk. Liver Se concentrations dropped to the same concentration as fish fed 0.4 microg Se/g diet after a 13-wk depuration in all treatments. Muscle Se concentrations remained significantly higher in fish previously fed 12.6 or higher microg Se/g diets when compared to fish fed control diet at the end of a 21-wk depuration. Except for the presence of preneoplastic basophilic foci in two fish previously fed 57.6 microg Se/g diet, normal liver morphology was observed in splittail in all treatments at the end of 21-wk depuration. Prevalences of kidney lesions were increased in fish previously fed 26.0 and 57.6 microg Se/g diets at 3 and 7 wk, and decreased at 13 and 21 wk of depuration. No kidney lesions were observed in fish previously fed 12.6 microg Se/g diet or less. In conclusion, growth of splittail previously fed a diet containing 57.6 microg Se/g was still affected at the end of 21-wk depuration. The 21-wk depuration was not long enough for muscle Se concentrations to return to basal levels in fish previously fed 12.6 or more microg Se/g diet. Deleterious health effects of Se persisted in fish previously fed diets with 26.0 or more microg Se/g diet. Current results suggest that splittail that survived the 9-month exposure to 12.6 or less microg Se/g diet under current laboratory conditions is likely to thrive if Se in diet was reduced to control concentration.
Asunto(s)
Cyprinidae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Selenio/toxicidad , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Cyprinidae/metabolismo , Dieta , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/patología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Músculos/metabolismo , Selenio/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
This study was conducted to describe the acute lethality and latent toxicity of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) on early life stages of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Fish responses to 0, 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 microg/L concentrations of DDAC were determined using a 96-h standard static renewal method for acute toxicity testing, with three replicates per concentration. Twenty fish per replicate were tested for 3, 11, and 42-d-old larvae, and 7 fish per replicate were tested for 78-d-old juveniles. Following exposure, survival and growth were evaluated in exposed fish raised in clean water for 2 weeks. The 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) values for DDAC were 10.0 to 50.0, 58.5, and 99.7 microg/L for 3, 11, and 42-d-old larvae and 100 to 250 microg/L for 78-d-old juveniles. Significant decreases in larval growth and survival were noted at all tested concentrations and in all sturgeon age groups. Results of this study reveal age- and concentration-dependent responses to DDAC. Among the age groups tested, the 3-d-old larvae were the most sensitive group. Results also revealed that 96-h lethality testing alone is not adequate for determining the toxicity of DDAC to white sturgeon.
Asunto(s)
Peces/crecimiento & desarrollo , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/toxicidad , Contaminantes del Agua/toxicidad , Animales , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Sediments in Sydney Harbour, Nova Scotia, are highly contaminated by polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and heavy metals. Histopathologic and histochemical evaluations were made on the Baltic clam, Macoma balthica, exposed to 11 Sydney Harbour sediment samples. Histologic lesions in digestive gland (tubular dilation or atrophy, macrophage aggregates, tubular cell necrosis, and tissue inflammation) and gonads (macrophage aggregates, supporting cell, germ cell, and ovarian cell necroses) were frequently detected in clams exposed to the most contaminated sediments from the harbor. Clams exposed to these contaminated sediments also had the highest acid phosphatase activity. The average scores of tubular dilation or atrophy, ovarian cell necrosis, and the sums of mean digestive gland lesions correlated significantly with sediment PCBs, and the activities of acid phosphatase correlated significantly with sediment heavy metals, PAHs, and PCBs. Among the lesions, digestive gland tubular dilation or atrophy, tubular cell, germ cell, and ovarian cell necroses, and the activity of acid phosphatase are the best sublethal effect indicators in Macoma exposed to Sydney Harbour sediments. Key words: biomarkers, chronic biologic effects, clams, histology, histochemistry, Macoma balthica, marine sediment, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls.