RESUMEN

Defining demographically independent units and understanding patterns of gene flow between them is essential for managing and conserving exploited populations. The critically endangered scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini, is a coastal semi-oceanic species found worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters. Pregnant females give birth in shallow coastal estuarine habitats that serve as nursery grounds for neonates and small juveniles, whereas adults move offshore and become highly migratory. We evaluated the population structure and connectivity of S. lewini in coastal areas and one oceanic island (Cocos Island) across the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) using both sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region (mtCR) and 9 nuclear-encoded microsatellite loci. The mtCR defined two genetically discrete groups: one in the Mexican Pacific and another one in the central-southern Eastern Tropical Pacific (Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia). Overall, the mtCR data showed low levels of haplotype diversity ranging from 0.000 to 0.608, while nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.000 to 0.0015. More fine-grade population structure was detected using microsatellite loci where Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama differed significantly. Relatedness analysis revealed that individuals within nursery areas were more closely related than expected by chance, suggesting that S. lewini may exhibit reproductive philopatric behaviour within the ETP. Findings of at least two different management units, and evidence of philopatric behaviour call for intensive conservation actions for this highly threatened species in the ETP.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The prokaryote-derived Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas mediated gene editing tools have revolutionized our ability to precisely manipulate specific genome sequences in plants and animals. The simplicity, precision, affordability, and robustness of this technology have allowed a myriad of genomes from a diverse group of plant species to be successfully edited. Even though CRISPR/Cas, base editing, and prime editing technologies have been rapidly adopted and implemented in plants, their editing efficiency rate and specificity varies greatly. In this review, we provide a critical overview of the recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9-derived technologies and their implications on enhancing editing efficiency. We highlight the major efforts of engineering Cas9, Cas12a, Cas12b, and Cas12f proteins aiming to improve their efficiencies. We also provide a perspective on the global future of agriculturally based products using DNA-free CRISPR/Cas techniques. The improvement of CRISPR-based technologies efficiency will enable the implementation of genome editing tools in a variety of crop plants, as well as accelerate progress in basic research and molecular breeding.

RESUMEN

Hybridization is a natural phenomenon that occurs more often in fish than in other vertebrates. The use of nuclear and mitochondrial molecular markers provides valuable results in the detection of these events. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of interspecific hybrids in natural populations of silverside. The samples of Odontesthes humensis, Odontesthes bonariensis, and indivi-duals that were morphologically different from pure species were collected in the Mangueira lagoon, located in southern Brazil. Result: Six tetranucleotide microsatellite loci were synthesized and tested. The UFPEL_OH3 locus proved to be diagnostic for the detection of silverside hybrids, and it was possi-ble to distinguish between pure and hybrid species. The mitochondrial marker gene cytb synthesized from conserved Odontesthes sequences in the GenBank genetic database showed no differences in the genetic sequence of the samples, needing further studies to confirm the hypothesis.(AU)

A hibridação é um fenômeno natural que ocorre mais frequentemente em peixes do que em outros vertebrados. Para detectá-la, são utilizados marcadores moleculares nucleares e mitocondriais, os quais fornecem resultados valiosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de híbridos in-terespecíficos em populações naturais de peixe-rei. As amostras de Odontesthes humensis, Odontesthes bonariensis e de indivíduos morfologicamente diferentes das espécies puras foram coletadas na lagoa Mangueira, localizada no Sul do Brasil. Foram sintetizados e testados seis loci microssatélites tetranu-cleotídeos. O locus UFPEL_OH3 mostrou-se um diagnóstico para detectar híbridos de peixe-rei, pos-sibilitando a distinção de espécies puras de híbridas. O marcador mitocondrial gene cytb, sintetizado com base nas sequências conservadas de Odontesthes no banco de dados genéticos do GenBank, não apresentou diferenças na sequência genética das amostras, portanto, são necessários mais estudos para confirmar a hipótese de hibridação.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The evaluation of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) is a challenging task, due to the complexity inherent in the context in which they are inserted, the different institutional profiles, the variety of resources used and the results offered in the performance of their mission. In this way, the present study proposes an evaluative approach that aims to measure efficiency taking into account the diverse activities characteristic of university institutions. To this end, a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, known as Network DEA, is used, which encompasses the different processes and subprocesses that take place within these institutions. In all, the evaluation considers eleven variables organized in three distinct stages, which reflect the performance of the HEIs in different perspectives: financial, undergraduate level and graduate level (student training and scientific production and innovation). Finally, the model was applied at 45 Brazilian federal universities. This case study allows a comprehensive efficiency analysis to be carried out for the set of institutions considered, from each perspective taken into account in the approach.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

High crop yields are generally associated with high nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates. A growing tendency that is urgently demanding the adoption of precision technologies that manage N more efficiently, combined with the advances of crop genetics to meet the needs of sustainable farm systems. Among the plant traits, stem architecture has been of paramount importance to enhance harvest index in the cereal crops. Nonetheless, the reduced stature also brought undesirable effect, such as poor N-uptake, which has led to the overuse of N fertilizer. Therefore, a better understanding of how N signals modulate the initial and late stages of stem development might uncover novel semi-dwarf alleles without pleiotropic effects. Our attempt here is to review the most recent advances on this topic.

RESUMEN

Concentration of bacterial species indicative of fecal contamination in the gut of mangrove oysters (Crassostrea gasar) is a major concern for public health and food surveillance. Our work aimed to determine the occurrence, antibiotic-resistance, phylogenetic profile and virulence of Escherichia coli strains isolated from C. gasar farmed in four estuaries of Amazonia. Santo Antônio de Urindeua was the sampling point with the highest number of E. coli cells in oyster samples (104 per 100 g of sample). Twenty-four isolates (52.2%) showed resistance to cephalotin and 18 to amoxicillin (39.1%). Eighteen clonal populations were determined by rep-PCR and were mainly affiliated to the pathogenic and commensal phylo-groups B1 and D. The presence of elt genes suggests that 10 of these clones belong to the Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli pathotype. Plasmids, mostly of the F incompatibility group, were detected in the majority of the strains. All isolates were susceptible to last-resort antibiotics.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of life of patients who had undergone bilateral thoracic sympathectomy from R5 to R8 as a treatment for severe and debilitating compensatory hyperhidrosis (CH). METHODS: Twelve patients with severe and debilitating compensatory hyperhidrosis underwent extended sympathectomy (R5-R8) from September 2016 to May 2019 at the Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. Outcomes such as the level of patient satisfaction with the operation, quality of life scores as well as postoperative complications were assessed. RESULTS: There has been a substantial improvement in the quality of life score of 66% of the sample. In all four domains, a statistical significant difference was seen, regarding the relief of compensatory hyperhidrosis symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Extended sympathectomy from R5 to R8 was shown to be quite effective in most cases, leading us to believe that this approach could be a therapeutic option for severe compensatory hyperhidrosis.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos a simpatectomia torácica bilateral de R5 a R8 como forma de tratamento da hiperidrose compensatória (HC) grave e debilitante em pacientes que foram previamente submetidos a simpatectomia torácica bilateral para tratamento da hiperidrose localizada. MÉTODOS: Doze pacientes com hiperidrose compensatória grave e debilitante foram submetidos a simpatectomia estendida no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil, entre setembro de 2016 e maio de 2019. Os seguintes desfechos foram estudados: nível de satisfação com a operação, escore de qualidade de vida e as possíveis complicações cirúrgicas. RESULTADOS: Houve significativa melhora na qualidade de vida em 66% da amostra. Em todas as esferas de função, foi evidenciada relevância estatística no que se refere ao alívio dos sintomas relacionados à hiperidrose compensatória. CONCLUSÕES: A simpatectomia estendida de R5 a R8 mostrou-se efetiva na maioria dos casos operados, caracterizando este procedimento como promissor, podendo, após estudos futuros, ser incluído como uma opção terapêutica para a hiperidrose compensatória.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos a simpatectomia torácica bilateral de R5 a R8 como forma de tratamento da hiperidrose compensatória (HC) grave e debilitante em pacientes que foram previamente submetidos a simpatectomia torácica bilateral para tratamento da hiperidrose localizada. Métodos: Doze pacientes com hiperidrose compensatória grave e debilitante foram submetidos a simpatectomia estendida no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil, entre setembro de 2016 e maio de 2019. Os seguintes desfechos foram estudados: nível de satisfação com a operação, escore de qualidade de vida e as possíveis complicações cirúrgicas. Resultados: Houve significativa melhora na qualidade de vida em 66% da amostra. Em todas as esferas de função, foi evidenciada relevância estatística no que se refere ao alívio dos sintomas relacionados à hiperidrose compensatória. Conclusões: A simpatectomia estendida de R5 a R8 mostrou-se efetiva na maioria dos casos operados, caracterizando este procedimento como promissor, podendo, após estudos futuros, ser incluído como uma opção terapêutica para a hiperidrose compensatória.

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of life of patients who had undergone bilateral thoracic sympathectomy from R5 to R8 as a treatment for severe and debilitating compensatory hyperhidrosis (CH). Methods: Twelve patients with severe and debilitating compensatory hyperhidrosis underwent extended sympathectomy (R5-R8) from September 2016 to May 2019 at the Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. Outcomes such as the level of patient satisfaction with the operation, quality of life scores as well as postoperative complications were assessed. Results: There has been a substantial improvement in the quality of life score of 66% of the sample. In all four domains, a statistical significant difference was seen, regarding the relief of compensatory hyperhidrosis symptoms. Conclusions: Extended sympathectomy from R5 to R8 was shown to be quite effective in most cases, leading us to believe that this approach could be a therapeutic option for severe compensatory hyperhidrosis.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Introduction: Mustelus higmani is one of the shark species most commonly caught in the Northeastern region of Venezuela; however, this species has been poorly studied. Objective: To evaluate the age and growth of M. higmani on the basis of the optical analysis of vertebrae. Methods: Between August 2016 and July 2017, the vertebral samples were collected in the fishing port of Juan Griego, Margarita Island. The growth study was based on a sample of 238 individuals, 86 males (24.1-59.5 cm TL) and 152 females (24.4-69.5 cm TL) and the use of VBGF modeling approach. Results: The RMI analysis suggested an annual periodicity for the deposition of growth rings. Ages assigned varied between 0 and 5 years in males, and between 0 and 6 years in females. The estimates of VBGF parameters were L ¥ = 60.4 cm TL, k = 0.53 years-1 and t 0 = -1.02 years in males; and L ¥ = 71.1 cm TL, k = 0.38 years-1 and t 0 = -1.17 years in females. The ages at maturity and longevities resulted respectively in 2.6 and 6.6 years for males; and in 2.1 and 9.0 years for females. Conclusions: In general, results indicate that M. higmani has a rapid growth, early maturity, short longevity, and annual reproductive cycle, characterizing it as a biologically productive species.

Introducción: Mustelushigmani es una de las especies de tiburones más comúnmente capturadas en el nororiente de Venezuela; sin embargo, ha sido poco estudiada. Objetivo: Examinar la edad y crecimiento de M. higmani con base en el análisis óptico de las vértebras. Métodos: Entre agosto 2016 y julio 2017, se recolectaron muestras de vertebras en el puerto pesquero de Juan Griego, Isla de Margarita. La asignación de las edades se realizó con base en 238 ejemplares, 86 machos (24.1-59.5 cm LT) y 152 hembras (24.4-69.5 cm LT). Resultados: El análisis de RMI sugiere una periodicidad anual en la formación de los anillos de crecimiento. Las edades estuvieron comprendidas entre 0 y 5 años en los machos, y entre 0 y 6 años en las hembras. A su vez, los valores de los parámetros VBGF fueron L ¥ = 60.4 cm LT, k = 0.53 años-1 y t 0 = -1.02 años en los machos, y L ¥ = 71.1 cm LT, k = 0.38 años-1 y t 0 = -1.17 años en las hembras. Las edades medias de madurez y las longevidades resultaron respectivamente en 2.6 y 6.6 años para los machos, y en 2.1 y 9.0 años para las hembras. Conclusiones: En general los resultados indican que M. higmani presenta un crecimiento rápido, madurez temprana, corta longevidad y ciclo reproductivo anual, caracterizándola como una especie productiva desde el punto de vista biológico.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Phytohormones are natural chemical messengers that play critical roles in the regulation of plant growth and development as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stress factors, maintaining plant homeostasis, and allowing adaptation to environmental changes. The discovery of a new class of phytohormones, the brassinosteroids (BRs), almost 40 years ago opened a new era for the studies of plant growth and development and introduced new perspectives in the regulation of agronomic traits through their use in agriculture. BRs are a group of hormones with significant growth regulatory activity that act independently and in conjunction with other phytohormones to control different BR-regulated activities. Genetic and molecular research has increased our understanding of how BRs and their cross-talk with other phytohormones control several physiological and developmental processes. The present article provides an overview of BRs' discovery as well as recent findings on their interactions with other phytohormones at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, in addition to clarifying how their network works to modulate plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT Vascular injury during a revision total hip revision arthroplasty surgery is an uncommon event; nonetheless, it is recognized as an intraoperative complication. Preoperative planning becomes imperative in such cases, especially when there is a conflict between the implanted material and the iliac vessels. Usually an ilioinguinal approach is used to identify the vascular structures at risk and isolate them from the prosthetic components, which increases the duration and morbidity of the procedure for the patient. The article describes a less invasive alternative approach to prevent intraoperative arterial injury. The patient was informed that the data related to her case would be submitted for publication and signed an informed consent form.

RESUMO A lesão vascular durante cirurgia de revisão da artroplastia do quadril é um evento incomum, porém reconhecido como complicação perioperatória. O planejamento pré-operatório torna-se imperativo nesses casos, especialmente quando há conflito entre o material implantado e os vasos ilíacos. Usualmente faz-se uma abordagem com via de acesso ilioinguinal para identificar as estruturas vasculares em risco e isolá-las dos componentes protéticos, o que aumenta o tempo de duração e a morbidade do procedimento para o paciente.O artigo descreve uma abordagem opcional menos invasiva para prevenção de lesão arterial intraoperatória. A paciente foi informada de que os dados relativos ao seu caso seriam submetidos a publicação e assinou um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Vascular injury during a revision total hip revision arthroplasty surgery is an uncommon event; nonetheless, it is recognized as an intraoperative complication. Preoperative planning becomes imperative in such cases, especially when there is a conflict between the implanted material and the iliac vessels. Usually an ilioinguinal approach is used to identify the vascular structures at risk and isolate them from the prosthetic components, which increases the duration and morbidity of the procedure for the patient. The article describes a less invasive alternative approach to prevent intraoperative arterial injury. The patient was informed that the data related to her case would be submitted for publication and signed an informed consent form.

A lesão vascular durante cirurgia de revisão da artroplastia do quadril é um evento incomum, porém reconhecido como complicação perioperatória. O planejamento pré-operatório torna-se imperativo nesses casos, especialmente quando há conflito entre o material implantado e os vasos ilíacos. Usualmente faz-se uma abordagem com via de acesso ilioinguinal para identificar as estruturas vasculares em risco e isolá-las dos componentes protéticos, o que aumenta o tempo de duração e a morbidade do procedimento para o paciente. O artigo descreve uma abordagem opcional menos invasiva para prevenção de lesão arterial intraoperatória. A paciente foi informada de que os dados relativos ao seu caso seriam submetidos a publicação e assinou um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido.

RESUMEN

Sugarcane contributes more than 70% of sugar production and is the second largest feedstock for ethanol production globally. Since sugar accumulates in sugarcane culms, culm biomass and sucrose content are the most commercially important traits. Despite extensive breeding, progress in both cane yield and sugar content remains very slow in most countries. We hypothesize that manipulating the genetic elements controlling culm growth will alter source-sink regulation and help break down the yield barriers. In this study, we investigate the role of sugarcane ScGAI, an ortholog of SLR1/D8/RHT1/GAI, on culm development and source-sink regulation through a combination of molecular techniques and transgenic strategies. We show that ScGAI is a key molecular regulator of culm growth and development. Changing ScGAI activity created substantial culm growth and carbon allocation changes for structural molecules and storage. ScGAI regulates spatio-temporal growth of sugarcane culm and leaf by interacting with ScPIF3/PIF4 and ethylene signaling elements ScEIN3/ScEIL1, and its action appears to be regulated by SUMOylation in leaf but not in the culm. Collectively, the remarkable culm growth variation observed suggests that ScGAI could be used as an effective molecular breeding target for breaking the slow yield gain in sugarcane.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

A viola (Loricariichthys anus) é um importante recurso pesqueiro das principais lagoas da região sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Na bacia hidrográfica da Lagoa Mirim está localizada a barragem do Chasqueiro de onde foram coletados exemplares desta espécie durante o ano de 2012, com finalidade de produzir informações capazes de subsidiar o seu aproveitamento na região. Foram utilizados no experimento 256 exemplares, as quais foram aferidas as medidas de comprimento e relacionadas com a determinação do estágio de maturação gonadal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o tamanho mínimo de fêmeas de viola na primeira desova. O tamanho mínimo de primeira maturação da Loricariichthys anus na barragem do Chasqueiro é de 26,5cm e com 30,5cm todas as fêmeas estão aptas a desovar.(AU)

"Cat" (Loricariichthys anus) is an important fishing resource in the main lagoons of the southern region of the Rio Grande do Sul state. Specimens were caught during 2012 from the Chasqueiro dam in the Mirim Lagoon basin, aiming at obtaining useful information regarding the management of this species. A total of 256 samples were used in the experiment, recording their length and correlating such data with the determination of the gonadal maturation stage. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum size of female Viola at the first spawning. The minimum size at first maturation of Loricariichthys anus in the Chasqueiro dam is 26.5 cm, and at 30.5cm all the female specimens are able to spawn.(AU)

La "Viola" (Loricariichthys anus) es un importante recurso pesquero de las principales lagunas de la región sur del estado de "Rio Grande do Sul". En la cuenca hidrográfica de la laguna "Mirim" ubicada en la represa del "Chasqueiro", desde donde los especímenes de esta especie fueron capturados durante el año 2012, con el objetivo de obtener información útil sobre el manejo de esta especie. Se utilizaron en el experimento 256 ejemplares, donde se evaluó las medidas de longitud y lo relacionado con la determinación de la etapa de maduración gonadal. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el tamaño mínimo de hembras de viola en la primera desove. El tamaño mínimo de primera maduración de la Loricariichthys anus en la represa del Chasqueiro es de 26,5 cm y con 30,5cm, todas las hembras están aptas a desovar.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

A viola (Loricariichthys anus) é um importante recurso pesqueiro das principais lagoas da região sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Na bacia hidrográfica da Lagoa Mirim está localizada a barragem do Chasqueiro de onde foram coletados exemplares desta espécie durante o ano de 2012, com finalidade de produzir informações capazes de subsidiar o seu aproveitamento na região. Foram utilizados no experimento 256 exemplares, as quais foram aferidas as medidas de comprimento e relacionadas com a determinação do estágio de maturação gonadal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o tamanho mínimo de fêmeas de viola na primeira desova. O tamanho mínimo de primeira maturação da Loricariichthys anus na barragem do Chasqueiro é de 26,5cm e com 30,5cm todas as fêmeas estão aptas a desovar.(AU)

"Cat" (Loricariichthys anus) is an important fishing resource in the main lagoons of the southern region of the Rio Grande do Sul state. Specimens were caught during 2012 from the Chasqueiro dam in the Mirim Lagoon basin, aiming at obtaining useful information regarding the management of this species. A total of 256 samples were used in the experiment, recording their length and correlating such data with the determination of the gonadal maturation stage. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum size of female Viola at the first spawning. The minimum size at first maturation of Loricariichthys anus in the Chasqueiro dam is 26.5 cm, and at 30.5cm all the female specimens are able to spawn.(AU)

La "Viola" (Loricariichthys anus) es un importante recurso pesquero de las principales lagunas de la región sur del estado de "Rio Grande do Sul". En la cuenca hidrográfica de la laguna "Mirim" ubicada en la represa del "Chasqueiro", desde donde los especímenes de esta especie fueron capturados durante el año 2012, con el objetivo de obtener información útil sobre el manejo de esta especie. Se utilizaron en el experimento 256 ejemplares, donde se evaluó las medidas de longitud y lo relacionado con la determinación de la etapa de maduración gonadal. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el tamaño mínimo de hembras de viola en la primera desove. El tamaño mínimo de primera maduración de la Loricariichthys anus en la represa del Chasqueiro es de 26,5 cm y con 30,5cm, todas las hembras están aptas a desovar.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Mirim Lagoon is one of the main water bodies of the southern lagoon system in South America, which has water system shared between Brazil and Uruguay. The fishing activity developed in the region has decreased catch levels rates, leading fishermen to intensify continuously the fishing effort. Viola (Loricariichthys anus) is one of the most important native species for artisanal fisheries; therefore, it is necessary to study their natural stocks and the appropriate fishing effort. Thus, the goal of this work was to identify the more efficient mesh size in relation to economic and sustainable perspective for viola fisheries. It was used 10 gillnet of 60mm, 10 gillnet of 70mm and 10 gillnet of 80 mm between opposite internodes. Fishing was performed with all mesh sizes in an interleaved array, for a period of 12 hours in the evening, according to the local procedure. Total number of fish caught in each mesh size was distributed by classes of total length and the selectivity was determined. Th+e result indicates that 70 mm gillnet is more efficient, catching fish with minimum size higher than the first spawning, is the most recommended for viola fishing in Mirim Lagoon, RS.

A Lagoa Mirim é um dos principais corpos hídricos do sistema lagunar meridional da América do Sul e possui regime de águas compartilhadas entre o Brasil e o Uruguai. A atividade pesqueira na região apresenta diminuição dos níveis de captura, fazendo com que os pescadores aumentem o esforço de pesca. A viola (Loricariichthys anus) é uma das espécies nativas mais importante da região para a pesca artesanal, sendo assim, faz-se necessário o estudo de seus estoques e do esforço pesqueiro adequado. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar o tamanho de malha que apresenta maior eficiência do ponto de vista econômico e sustentável para a pesca da viola. O estudo foi desenvolvido utilizando-se 10 redes de malha de 60 mm, 10 redes de malha 70 mm e 10 redes de malha 80 mm entre nós opostos. A pesca foi realizada com o conjunto das diferentes malhas, dispostas intercaladas, por um período de 12 horas à noite, de acordo com o procedimento dos pescadores locais. O número total de peixes capturados em cada malha foi distribuído por classe de comprimento total e determinada a seletividade. O resultado indica que a malha 70 mm é mais eficiente, capturando peixes com tamanho mínimo superior ao da primeira desova, o que a torna, portanto, a mais recomendada para a pesca da viola na Lagoa Mirim, RS.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Mirim Lagoon is one of the main water bodies of the southern lagoon system in South America, which has water system shared between Brazil and Uruguay. The fishing activity developed in the region has decreased catch levels rates, leading fishermen to intensify continuously the fishing effort. Viola (Loricariichthys anus) is one of the most important native species for artisanal fisheries; therefore, it is necessary to study their natural stocks and the appropriate fishing effort. Thus, the goal of this work was to identify the more efficient mesh size in relation to economic and sustainable perspective for viola fisheries. It was used 10 gillnet of 60mm, 10 gillnet of 70mm and 10 gillnet of 80 mm between opposite internodes. Fishing was performed with all mesh sizes in an interleaved array, for a period of 12 hours in the evening, according to the local procedure. Total number of fish caught in each mesh size was distributed by classes of total length and the selectivity was determined. Th+e result indicates that 70 mm gillnet is more efficient, catching fish with minimum size higher than the first spawning, is the most recommended for viola fishing in Mirim Lagoon, RS.(AU)

A Lagoa Mirim é um dos principais corpos hídricos do sistema lagunar meridional da América do Sul e possui regime de águas compartilhadas entre o Brasil e o Uruguai. A atividade pesqueira na região apresenta diminuição dos níveis de captura, fazendo com que os pescadores aumentem o esforço de pesca. A viola (Loricariichthys anus) é uma das espécies nativas mais importante da região para a pesca artesanal, sendo assim, faz-se necessário o estudo de seus estoques e do esforço pesqueiro adequado. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar o tamanho de malha que apresenta maior eficiência do ponto de vista econômico e sustentável para a pesca da viola. O estudo foi desenvolvido utilizando-se 10 redes de malha de 60 mm, 10 redes de malha 70 mm e 10 redes de malha 80 mm entre nós opostos. A pesca foi realizada com o conjunto das diferentes malhas, dispostas intercaladas, por um período de 12 horas à noite, de acordo com o procedimento dos pescadores locais. O número total de peixes capturados em cada malha foi distribuído por classe de comprimento total e determinada a seletividade. O resultado indica que a malha 70 mm é mais eficiente, capturando peixes com tamanho mínimo superior ao da primeira desova, o que a torna, portanto, a mais recomendada para a pesca da viola na Lagoa Mirim, RS.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Owing to the difficulty in reaching targets during pesticide applications on guava trees, it is important to evaluate new technologies that may improve pest management. In electrostatic spraying, an electric force is added to the droplets to control their movements such that they are efficiently directed to the target. The present study evaluated the performance of electrostatic and non-electrostatic spraying in the control of the guava psyllid, the deposition of the spray mixture on the leaves and the losses to the soil. RESULTS: The deposition of the spray mixture was up to 2 times greater when using electrostatic spraying in comparison with non-electrostatic application. The losses of the spray mixture to the soil were up to 4 times smaller with the electrostatic spraying. Electrostatic spraying had better control of the psyllid. CONCLUSION: It was possible to reduce the volume rate of application with electrostatic spraying without adversely affecting the control of the guava psyllid. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Does the federal government prioritize its local’s allies on the provision of public resources? Using a regression discontinuity design in close elections and data of the Projeto Mais Médicos para o Brasil − an ongoing program from the Brazilian Ministry of Health that targets the provision of basic health services and the increase of the physicians per capita rate by transferring professionals to the Brazilian municipalities, this paper assesses the impact of the political alignment between federal and localgovernments on the number of physicians transferred to municipalities and the municipalities’ probability of participation. The results suggest that the current federal government does not prioritize same-party municipalitie nor penalizes the ones governed by the opposition parties. Evidence also indicate poor targeting of the program and the existence of party alignment effect on municipal participation among municipalities governed by second term mayors.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The protection of the habitats used by juvenile sharks is a management strategy that has recently caught the attention of fishery biologists. In the present study, we evaluated the population of the lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris) from Los Roques Archipelago in order to identify the nursery area, describe the size composition, and examine the variation in nocturnal activity of the juvenile individuals. The data analysed came from three different sources: commercial shark fishery, tag-recapture sampling, and visual records. A total of 375 lemon sharks with total lengths between 55 and 281 cm were recorded during the study period. Overall data showed that the area occupied by juvenile lemon sharks was clearly partitioned into primary and secondary nurseries. Additionally, nighttime activity seemed to change according to the size of sharks in the primary nursery, suggesting a reduction of time activity overlapping among juveniles of distinct size/age. Results suggest that the strategy of utilization of the primary nurseries by the lemon shark may lead to important ecological benefits by reducing the competition, predation and natural mortality.

La protección de los hábitats utilizados por tiburones juveniles es una estrategia de manejo que ha capturado recientemente la atención de los biólogos de pesquerías. En el presente estudio se evaluó la población del tiburón limón (Negaprion brevirostris) del Archipiélago Los Roques con el fin de identificar su zona de cría, describir su composición de tamaño y examinar la variación en la actividad nocturna de los juveniles. Los datos analizados provienen de 3 fuentes distintas: pesquería comercial de tiburones, muestreo de captura-marcaje-recaptura y registros visuales. Durante el período de estudio se registró un total de 375 tiburones limón, con longitudes totales entre 55 y 281 cm. En general, los datos mostraron que el área ocupada por los tiburones limón estaba claramente dividida entre zonas de cría primarias y secundarias. Adicionalmente, la actividad nocturna parecía cambiar de acuerdo con el tamaño de los tiburones en la zona de cría primaria, lo cual sugiere una reducción de la coincidencia entre juveniles de distinto tamaño/edad. Los resultados sugieren que la estrategia de utilización de la zona de cría primaria por el tiburón limón puede conducir a importantes beneficios ecológicos por la reducción de competencia, predación y mortalidad natural.

A protecao dos habitats utilizados pelos tubaroes jovens é uma estratégia de manejo que recentemente tem chamado á atenção dos biólogos pesqueiros. No presente estudo avaliamos a populacao do tubarao limao (Negaprion brevirostris) no Arquipélago de Los Roques, com o propósito de identificar a área de berçário, descrever a composição de tamanhos, e examinar a variação da atividade noturna dos individuos jovens. Os dados analisados foram originados a partir de tres fontes diferentes: Foram analisados dados da pescaría comercial de tubaroes, trabalhos de marcação e recaptura, e registos visuais. Um total de 375 tubaroes limáo com comprimento total entre 55 e 281 cm foi registado durante o período de estudo. Os dados mostram que a zona ocupada pelos tubaroes limao jovens se encontra claramente dividida em áreas de berçários primaria e secundária. Adicionalmente, a atividade noturna dentro da área de berçário primaria pareceu mudar de acordo com o tamanho dos tubaroes, sugerindo uma separação desta atividade por grupos de idade. Os resultados sugerem que a estratégia de utilizacao da área de berçário primaria do tubarao limao poderia oferecer importantes benefícios ecológicos, como a reducao da competicao, predacao e mortalidade natural.