RESUMEN
Evaluate whether glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (DM2) asymptomatic for coronary artery disease (CAD) affects not only the presence and magnitude of CAD but also the characteristics of plaque vulnerability using multidetector row computed coronary tomography (MDCT). Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is frequently observed in asymptomatic DM2 patients. Positive vessel remodeling (PR) and low-attenuation plaques (LAP) identified by MDCT have been demonstrated to be characteristics of subsequent culprit lesions of ACS. However, little is known regarding plaque characteristics in asymptomatic diabetic patients and their relationship with glycemic control. Ninety asymptomatic DM2 patients, aged 40-65 years old, underwent MDCT. The presence of atherosclerotic obstruction, defined as coronary stenosis ≥50 %, and plaque characteristics were compared between two groups of patients with A1c < 7 and A1c ≥ 7 %. Of the 90 patients, 38 (42.2 %) presented with coronary atherosclerotic plaques, 11 had A1c < 7 % and 27 had A1c ≥ 7 % (p = 0.0006). Fourteen patients had significant lumen obstruction higher than 50 %: 3 in the A1c < 7 % group and 11 in the A1c ≥ 7 % group (p = 0.02). Non-calcified plaque was more prevalent in the A1c ≥ 7 % group (p = 0.005). In eleven patients, the simultaneous presence of two vulnerability plaque characteristics (PR and LAP) were observed more frequently in the A1c ≥ 7 group (n = 8) than in the A1c < 7 group (n = 3) (p = 0.04). Asymptomatic DM2 patients with A1c ≥ 7 % have a higher frequency of CAD and a higher proportion of vulnerable atherosclerotic coronary plaque by MDCT compared to patients with DM2 with A1c < 7 in our study.
Asunto(s)
Glucemia/metabolismo , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Angiografía Coronaria/métodos , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Vasos Coronarios/diagnóstico por imagen , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Angiopatías Diabéticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector , Placa Aterosclerótica , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades Asintomáticas , Biomarcadores/sangre , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Angiopatías Diabéticas/epidemiología , Femenino , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Prevalencia , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Calcificación Vascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Calcificación Vascular/epidemiología , Remodelación VascularRESUMEN
Após validação de dois diferentes métodos de mensuração de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) não invasivos ou indiretos (oscilométrico e Doppler vascular) com o invasivo ou direto (cateterização arterial - padrão ouro) em 12 gatos hígidos anestesiados de mesma faixa etária, os métodos não invasivos foram avaliados e comparados em 24 gatos hígidos e conscientes, divididos em quatro grupos de idade. Em cada animal, procedeu-se à mensuração da pressão pelos métodos Doppler e oscilométrico. O método oscilométrico foi o primeiro a ser realizado, e, logo em seguida, o método Doppler. Os valores considerados foram obtidos das médias de sete medidas consecutivas para cada método, com intervalo de 30 segundos entre elas. A primeira medida e as medidas discrepantes (variação Ë 20% PAS), obtidas com sinais óbvios de estresse e/ou com movimentação do animal, foram descartadas. Os métodos de mensuração oscilométrico e Doppler, embora tenham apresentado médias estatisticamente diferentes em todos os grupos, quando comparados em cada grupo, apresentaram uma correlação significativa, alta e positiva. Ou seja, sempre que for obtido um valor elevado por um método, o mesmo fato ocorrerá com o outro método e vice-versa. Clinicamente, a diferença observada não é relevante, uma vez que a diferença média dos valores obtida pelos dois métodos, em cada grupo, foi menor que 1,1%.(AU)
After two different validation systolic blood pressure measurement methods (PAS), not invasive or indirect (oscillometric and doppler vascular) with invasive or direct (arterial catheterization - Gold Standard) in 12 anesthetized healthy cats of the same age group, not invasive methods were evaluated and compared in 24 healthy conscious cats, divided into four age groups. In each animal, we proceeded to measure the pressure by Doppler and oscillometric methods. The oscillometric method was the first to be performed, and, shortly thereafter, the doppler method. The values considered were obtained from averages from seven consecutive measurements for each method with an interval of thirty seconds between them. The first measurement and disparate measurements (range Ë 20% PAS) obtained with obvious signs of stress and / or animal movement were discarded. Methods of oscillometric and doppler measurement, although statistically different averages were shown in all groups when compared, each group showed a significant high positive correlation, meaning that when a high value is obtained by a method, the same occurs with the other method, and vice versa. Clinically, the observed difference is not relevant since the mean difference values obtained by the two methods, in each group was lower than 1.1%.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Gatos , Anestesia/veterinaria , Presión Arterial , Presión Sanguínea , Cateterismo/veterinaria , Oscilometría/veterinaria , Hipertensión/veterinaria , Fenómenos FisiológicosRESUMEN
Experimental vaccine candidates have been evaluated to prevent leishmaniasis, but no commercial vaccine has been proved to be effective against more than one parasite species. LiHyT is a Leishmania-specific protein that was firstly identified as protective against Leishmania infantum. In this study, LiHyT was evaluated as a vaccine to against two Leishmania species causing tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL): Leishmania major and Leishmania braziliensis. BALB/c mice were immunized with rLiHyT plus saponin and lately challenged with promastigotes of the two parasite species. The immune response generated was evaluated before and 10 weeks after infection, as well as the parasite burden at this time after infection. The vaccination induced a Th1 response, which was characterized by the production of IFN-γ, IL-12 and GM-CSF, as well as by high levels of IgG2a antibodies, after in vitro stimulation using both the protein and parasite extracts. After challenge, vaccinated mice showed significant reductions in their infected footpads, as well as in the parasite burden in the tissue and organs evaluated, when compared to the control groups. The anti-Leishmania Th1 response was maintained after infection, being the IFN-γ production based mainly on CD4(+) T cells. We described one conserved Leishmania-specific protein that could compose a pan-Leishmania vaccine.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra la Leishmaniasis/inmunología , Leishmaniasis/inmunología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Antígenos de Protozoos/inmunología , Femenino , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos y Macrófagos/inmunología , Interleucina-12/inmunología , Leishmania braziliensis/inmunología , Leishmania major/inmunología , Leishmaniasis/parasitología , Leishmaniasis/prevención & control , Vacunas contra la Leishmaniasis/administración & dosificación , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Proteínas Protozoarias/inmunología , Saponinas/administración & dosificación , Linfocitos T/inmunologíaRESUMEN
In this work, the effect of vaccination of a newly described Leishmania infantum antigenic protein has been studied in BALB/c mice infected with this parasite species. The LiHyD protein was characterized after a proteomic screening performed with the sera from dogs suffering visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Its recombinant version was expressed, purified and administered to BALB/c mice in combination with saponin. As a result of vaccination and 10 weeks after challenge using an infective dose of L. infantum stationary promastigotes, vaccinated mice showed lower parasite burdens in different organs (liver, spleen, bone marrow and footpads' draining lymph nodes) than mice inoculated with the adjuvant alone or the vaccine diluent. Protected mice showed anti-Leishmania IgG2a antibodies and a predominant IL-12-driven IFN-γ production (mainly produced by CD4(+) T cells) against parasite proteins, whereas unprotected controls showed anti-Leishmania IgG1 antibodies and parasite-mediated IL-4 and IL-10 responses. Vaccinated mice showed an anti-LiHyD IgG2a humoral response, and their spleen cells were able to secrete LiHyD-specific IFN-γ, IL-12 and GM-CSF cytokines before and after infection. The protection was correlated with the Leishmania-specific production on nitric oxide. Altogether, the results indicate that the new LiHyD protein could be considered in vaccine formulations against VL.
Asunto(s)
Citocinas/metabolismo , Leishmania infantum/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Proteínas Protozoarias/inmunología , Vacunación/veterinaria , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Perros , Femenino , Leishmaniasis Visceral/prevención & control , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Proteínas RecombinantesRESUMEN
Foram avaliados e comparados, para fins de validação, dois diferentes métodos de mensuração de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), não invasivos ou indiretos (oscilométrico e Doppler vascular) com o invasivo ou direto (cateterização arterial - padrão ouro), em 12 gatos hígidos anestesiados de idade variando entre sete meses e dois anos. Em cada animal, procedeu-se à mensuração simultânea da pressão não invasiva e da invasiva. O método oscilométrico foi comparado, por meio de sete medidas consecutivas, com intervalo de 30 segundos entre elas, com o método invasivo, e, logo em seguida, o método Doppler foi comparado ao método invasivo da mesma maneira. Concluiu-se que o método oscilométrico é estatisticamente igual ao método invasivo, enquanto o Doppler difere de ambos. Entretanto, pela forte correlação positiva entre os métodos Doppler e invasivo, foi possível criar um fator de correção (equação de regressão linear) para se determinar o valor da pressão invasiva, a partir do valor obtido pelo método Doppler. Para obtenção de valores mais fidedignos, recomenda-se a utilização desse fator de correção quando o método Doppler for utilizado para mensuração de PAS em gatos anestesiados.
For validation purposes, two different methods of measurement of systolic blood pressure (SBP), noninvasive or indirect (oscillometric and vascular doppler), direct or invasive (arterial catheterization - the gold standard) were evaluated and compared in 12 healthy anesthetized cats, varying between seven months to two years old. In each animal, we proceeded to the simultaneous noninvasive and invasive measurement of pressure. The oscillometric method was compared by means of seven consecutive measurements with an interval of 30 seconds between them, with the invasive method, and soon after, the doppler method was compared to the invasive method in the same way. It was concluded that the oscillometric method is statistically equal to the invasive method, whereas doppler differs from both. However, due to the strong positive correlation between doppler and invasive methods, it was possible to create a correction factor (linear regression) to determine the value of invasive pressure from the value obtained by the doppler method. To obtain more reliable figures, it is recommended to use this correction factor when the doppler method is used to measure SBP in anesthetized cats.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Gatos , Anestesia/veterinaria , Determinación de la Presión Sanguínea/veterinaria , Arteria Femoral , Gatos/fisiología , Monitores de Presión Sanguínea/veterinaria , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/veterinaria , Presión Arterial , Equipos y Suministros/veterinariaRESUMEN
The usefulness of a synthetic peptide in the serodiagnosis of Taenia solium human neurocysticercosis (NC) has been evaluated. Phage-displayed peptides were screened with human antibodies to scolex protein antigen from cysticercus cellulosae (SPACc). One clone was found to interact specifically with anti-SPACc IgGs. The corresponding synthetic peptide was found to be recognized in ELISA by NC patient's sera. The study was carried out with sera from 28 confirmed NC patients, 13 control sera and 73 sera from patients suffering from other infectious diseases. A 93% sensibility and a 94.3% specificity was achieved. Figures of 89% and 31.4% of sensibility and specificity were obtained in a SPACc-based ELISA. Immunoblotting of SPACc with anti-peptide antibodies revealed a single band of approximately 45 kDa in 1D and four 45 kDa isoforms in 2D-gel electrophoresis. A strong and specific immunostaining in the fibers beneath the suckers, at the base of the rostellum, and in the tissue surrounding the scolex of cysticerci was observed by immunomicroscopy. Our results show that a peptide-based immunodiagnostic of neurocisticercosis can be envisioned.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antihelmínticos/sangre , Antígenos Helmínticos/inmunología , Pruebas Inmunológicas/métodos , Neurocisticercosis/inmunología , Péptidos/inmunología , Taenia solium/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antihelmínticos/inmunología , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , ADN de Helmintos/química , ADN de Helmintos/genética , Electroforesis en Gel Bidimensional , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Neurocisticercosis/sangre , Neurocisticercosis/diagnóstico , Neurocisticercosis/parasitología , Biblioteca de Péptidos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Taenia solium/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The possibility of raising a humoral immune response capable of inducing in vivo protection against the lethal effects of Tityus serrulatus (Ts) scorpion venom was evaluated in the mouse model. An immunogen was prepared that consists of a toxic fraction (TstFG(50)) of the Tityus venom (this G(50) chromatography fraction represents most of the toxicity of the crude venom) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) with glutaraldehyde. TstFG(50) coupled to BSA yielded a thoroughly detoxified immunogen. BALB/c and C57BL/10 mice were immunized with this preparation and all developed an antibody response. In vivo protection assays one week after the last immunization showed that vaccinated mice could resist the challenge by twice the LD(50) of the TstFG(50), a dose which killed all control non-immune mice. The protective effect persisted nine weeks after the end of the immunization protocol. To characterize epitopes of protective antibodies we used the Spot method of multiple peptide synthesis to prepare sets of immobilized 15 mer overlapping peptides, covering the complete amino acid sequences of the main Tityus toxins, TsII and TsVII (both beta-type toxins) and TsIV, an alpha-type toxin that is the major lethal component of the venom. Antibody binding to peptides, revealed one major antigenic region in the C-terminal part of the three toxins and another region in the helical part of TsII and TsIV toxins. It is likely that these epitopes correspond to neutralizing epitopes since they correspond to regions of the toxins that are known to be involved in the active site of the toxins.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos/genética , Formación de Anticuerpos/inmunología , Inmunización , Ratones/inmunología , Venenos de Escorpión/inmunología , Escorpiones/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Epítopos/genética , Glutaral/metabolismo , Inmunoensayo , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Modelos Moleculares , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Venenos de Escorpión/metabolismo , Venenos de Escorpión/toxicidad , Alineación de Secuencia , Albúmina Sérica Bovina/metabolismo , Pruebas de Toxicidad Aguda , Vacunas Sintéticas/inmunologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of oxamniquine and praziquantel, the two most clinically important schistosomicide drugs, and to compare the accuracy of faecal examination with the accuracy of oogram in testing for Schistosoma mansoni infection. METHODS: In a triple-masked and randomized controlled trial, 106 patients infected with S. mansoni were randomly allocated to one of three statistically homogeneous groups. One group was given 60 mg/kg praziquantel per day for three consecutive days, another was given two daily doses of 10 mg/kg oxamniquine, and the placebo group received starch. Faecal examinations (days 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 after treatment) and biopsy of rectal mucosa by quantitative oogram (days 30, 60, 120, and 180) were used for the initial diagnosis and for evaluating the degree of cure. The chi2 test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare variables in the three groups. Survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier) and the log-rank test were used to evaluate the efficacy of the treatments. FINDINGS: The sensitivity of stool examinations ranged from 88.9% to 94.4% when patients presented with >5000 S. mansoni eggs per gram of tissue (oogram); when the number of eggs dropped to <1000 eggs per gram, sensitivity was reduced (range, 22.7-34.0%). When cure was evaluated by stool examination, oxamniquine and praziquantel had cure rates of 90.3% and 100%, respectively. However, when the oogram was used as an indicator of sensitivity, the oxamniquine cure rate dropped dramatically (to 42.4%), whereas the rate for praziquantel remained high, at 96.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Praziquantel was significantly more effective than oxamniquine in treating S. mansoni infection. The oogram was markedly more sensitive than stool examinations in detecting S. mansoni eggs and should be recommended for use in clinical trials with schistosomicides.
Asunto(s)
Oxamniquina/uso terapéutico , Praziquantel/uso terapéutico , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/tratamiento farmacológico , Esquistosomicidas/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Animales , Brasil , Heces/parasitología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos , Placebos , Estudios Prospectivos , Schistosoma mansoni/aislamiento & purificación , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The efficacy of the association of paromomycin sulfate (PA) with recombinant (r) interleukin (IL)-12 was investigated by topical treatment of BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major that displayed fully developed cutaneous lesions. Although healing was observed in PA-treated groups, lesions recurred in 100% of these animals 70 days after treatment. In contrast, lesions were absent in a high proportion of PA- and rIL-12-treated mice 120 days after treatment. The PA/rIL-12-treated mice had a switch in cytokine response, from high IL-4 and low interferon (IFN)-gamma levels to low IL-4 and high IFN-gamma levels, and reductions in parasite load, dissemination of parasites, and inflammation. Thus, the association of rIL-12 to topical chemotherapy for leishmaniasis may be an important strategy for increasing cure rates and decreasing the incidence of relapse.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antiprotozoarios/uso terapéutico , Interleucina-12/uso terapéutico , Leishmania major , Leishmaniasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Paromomicina/uso terapéutico , Administración Cutánea , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Interferón gamma/análisis , Interleucina-4/análisis , Leishmania major/aislamiento & purificación , Leishmaniasis/inmunología , Leishmaniasis/parasitología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapéutico , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
A severe Class III malocclusion with maxillary transverse and anteroposterior deficiency, mandibular prognathism, and excessive lower facial height is presented. The malocclusion was treated with a combination of orthodontics and a 2-stage surgical treatment: a surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion prior to a sagittal mandibular and chin reduction and Le Fort I osteotomies. The patient exhibited excellent stability 6 years after treatment. The controversy regarding one surgery or a 2-stage surgical approach is discussed briefly.
Asunto(s)
Mandíbula/cirugía , Maxilar/cirugía , Osteotomía Le Fort/clasificación , Osteotomía/métodos , Técnica de Expansión Palatina , Hueso Paladar/cirugía , Adulto , Cefalometría , Mentón/cirugía , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Maloclusión de Angle Clase III/cirugía , Maxilar/anomalías , Técnica de Expansión Palatina/instrumentación , Prognatismo/cirugía , Técnicas de Movimiento Dental/instrumentación , Dimensión Vertical , Cigoma/cirugíaRESUMEN
THIS study intended to characterize pharmacologically the mediator(s) released in the inflammation induced by Soluble Egg Antigen (SEA), the main antigen released from eggs of Schistosoma mansoni, in rat hindpaws. A single intraplantar injection of 0.1-100 microg SEA at day zero induced a dose-dependent increase in the volume of rat hindpaws characterizing an oedema of quick onset (within 15 min) and 4h-duration, which was confirmed by histopathological analysis of the paws. A second injection of SEA in the same paw (1-10 microg) 28 days later induced an increased dose-dependent oedematogenic response. The early oedematogenic response following SEA sensitization was derived from serotonin release and interleukin-1 (IL-1), since treatment with either pizotifen or an antibody against IL-1, reduced the response by 60% and 48%, respectively. The increased oedematogenic response derived from SEA-challenge (10 microg) of rat paws derived from a local rather than systemic reaction, since it was not observed if the sensitization was in the contralateral paw or the peritoneal cavity of the animals. Chronic treatment with inhibitors of IL-2 synthesis/release such as cyclosporin or dexamethasone during the sensitization phase reduced the oedematogenic response due to SEA challenge by 51% and 55%, respectively. These data suggested that SEA-challenge was immune-derived and dependent of IL-2 release. It is discussed the association between cytokine release and the resistance of rats to S. mansoni infection.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Helmínticos/inmunología , Interleucina-1/fisiología , Interleucina-2/fisiología , Schistosoma mansoni/inmunología , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/patología , Serotonina/fisiología , Animales , Femenino , Inflamación/inmunología , Inflamación/parasitología , Inflamación/patología , Ratones , Óvulo/inmunología , Ratas , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/inmunología , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/parasitologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To review the neurologic manifestations of AIDS in patients who were admitted to Hospital Guilherme Alvaro (HGA) due to any clinical manifestation of the disease. DESIGN: Case series. PATIENTS: All HIV+ patients admitted to the Faculty Hospital (HGA) between July 96 and April 97 were included in this review. RESULTS: From the 117 HIV+ patients admitted to hospitalization due to AIDS-related symptoms, 50 (42.7%) presented neurologic manifestations. The most prevalent of these was neurotoxoplasmosis (68%), but a variety of other neurologic diseases were observed. Only 36% of these 50 patients had neurological signs and symptoms as the main complaint for admission, 12% of the patients had at least complained of some neurologic dysfunction at the time of admission and 10% had no neurologic complaints at all. The remaining 42% (21 patients) only complained of neurologic manifestations of AIDS when specifically asked. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of neurologic manifestations of AIDS is very high in patients admitted to hospital. Even in the absence of neurologic-related complaints, these patients have to be carefully questioned and examined in the search for an underlying neurologic complication which may present high morbidity and mortality.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/epidemiología , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
In the search for Leishmania recombinant antigens that can be used as a vaccine against American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, we identified a Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis recombinant protein of 33 kD (Larp33) which is recognized by antibodies and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from subjects vaccinated with Leishvacin, Larp33 was expressed in Escherichia coli after cloning of a 2.2 kb Sau3 digested genomic fragment of L. (L.) amazonensis into the pDS56-6 His vector. Immunoblotting analysis indicated that Larp33 corresponds to an approximately 40-kD native protein expressed in promastigotes of L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (Viannia) braziliensis. Northern blots of total RNA also demonstrated that the gene coding for this protein is expressed in promastigotes of the major lineages of Leishmania causing American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Larp33 induced partial protection in susceptible mouse strains (BALB/c and C57BL/10) against L. (L.) amazonensis after vaccination using Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) as adjuvant. In vitro stimulation of splenocytes from BALB/c protected mice with Larp33 elicited the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, suggesting that a Th1 cell-mediated protective response is associated with the resistance observed in these mice. As revealed by its immunogenic and antigenic properties, this novel recombinant antigen is a suitable candidate to compose a vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Asunto(s)
Leishmania mexicana/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/prevención & control , Vacunas , Animales , Antígenos de Protozoos/inmunología , Femenino , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/inmunología , Linfocitos/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Bovine babesiosis caused by Babesia bovis remains a significant constraint to beef and milk cattle production throughout the world. Exoantigens released by the parasites in culture supernatants are a potential source of antigen to induce protective immunity. An attenuated strain of B. bovis from Brazil, catalogued as BbUFV1, was maintained in vitro by the MASP method, and exoantigen-containing supernatant fluids were collected daily to form a pool representing a 72-h culture cycle for preparation of the vaccine. Exoantigen concentration was estimated using a two-site EIA. Three groups of susceptible non-splenectomised male Bos taurus cattle, 14 months old, were used. Group A (vaccinated) received two subcutaneous immunizations with a 21-day interval of B. bovis supernatant, content 6500 EIA units of exoantigens plus 1.5 mg saponin, and Group B (adjuvant control) received two injections of adjuvant alone. Four weeks after the second immunization, Groups A, B and C (control) were challenged intravenously with 10(8) virulent parasites of a heterologous B. bovis strain. The results showed that exoantigens present in in vitro cultures can induce a high degree of protection against virulent heterologous challenge exposure. In Group A only one animal showed discrete parasitaemia; all developed a fever and slight decreases in PCV, with a rapid return to normal values. One animal of Group B died; the survivors showed fever, anaemia and parasitaemia. All animals of Group C died between 7 and 13 days after challenge. Vaccination elicited both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. In Group A, after the challenge, the maximum antibody titer was 12,800. When vaccinated, cattle were tested at the moment of challenge for B. bovis-specific cell-mediated immunity by the monocytemigration inhibition test. A mean inhibition index of 60 +/- 0.33 was observed. Preliminary Western blot analysis of the immunogen revealed at least four proteins of molecular weight ranging between 30 and 160 kDa.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Protozoos/inmunología , Babesia bovis/inmunología , Babesiosis/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Linfocitos/inmunología , Vacunas Antiprotozoos , Vacunas Atenuadas , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/biosíntesis , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Formación de Anticuerpos , Babesiosis/prevención & control , Western Blotting , Bovinos , Femenino , Inmunidad Celular , Masculino , Carne , Leche , VacunaciónRESUMEN
A scolex protein antigen (SPA) was prepared from cysticerci of Taenia solium obtained from naturally infected pigs. Yorkshire pigs were vaccinated with SPA plus incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) or with SPA plus Corynebacterium parvum (CP). Controls were given IFA plus phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or CP plus PBS. All animals were given three subcutaneous injections at 20-day intervals. Ten days after the third injection, the pigs were fed with 10(4) viable eggs of T. solium. All pigs developed a delayed type hypersensitivity, and a transient eosinophilia after the first dose of vaccine. High titers of specific antibodies were detected in the sera of vaccinated animals and in infected controls. A protection level of 71.43% was recorded in animals vaccinated with SPA plus IFA and of 75.00% in those vaccinated with SPA plus CP.
Asunto(s)
Cisticercosis/veterinaria , Cysticercus/inmunología , Proteínas del Helminto/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/prevención & control , Vacunación/veterinaria , Animales , Anticuerpos Antihelmínticos/análisis , Antígenos Helmínticos/inmunología , Antígenos Helmínticos/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibición de Migración Celular , Cisticercosis/inmunología , Cisticercosis/prevención & control , Cysticercus/química , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida/veterinaria , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Eosinofilia/inmunología , Eosinofilia/veterinaria , Femenino , Adyuvante de Freund , Proteínas del Helminto/aislamiento & purificación , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/veterinaria , Inyecciones Subcutáneas/veterinaria , Propionibacterium acnes , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/inmunología , Vacunas/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
A sensitive and specific Capture Sandwich ELISA (CSE) was developed using polyclonal purified rabbit antibodies against three different axenic strains of Entamoeba histolytica: CSP from Brazil and HM1 - IMSS from Mexico, for the detection of coproantigens in fecal samples. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) against E. histolytica was isolated from rabbits immunized with throphozoites whole extract in two stages: affinity chromatography in a column containing E. histolytica antigens bound to Sepharose 4B was followed by another chromatography in Sepharose antibodies 4B-Protein A. A Capture Sandwich ELISA using purified antibodies was able to detect 70ng of amebae protein, showing a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 94%. The combination of microscopic examination and CSE gave a concordance and discordance of 93.25% and 6.75%, respectively. It was concluded that CSE is highly specific for the detection of coproantigens of E. histolytica in feces of infected patients, is quicker to perform, easier and more sensitive than microscopic examination.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/inmunología , Antígenos de Protozoos/inmunología , Disentería Amebiana/diagnóstico , Entamoeba histolytica/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Animales , Cromatografía de Afinidad , Reacciones Cruzadas , Heces/parasitología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/aislamiento & purificación , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Conejos , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Um anticorpo monoclonal da subclasse IgG2a, designado C6G9, foi obtido pela imunizacao de camundongos BALB/c com antigenos de ovo de Schistosoma mansoni. Esse anticorpo monoclonal possibilitou a identificacao de um antigeno de peso molecular aproximado de 46 quilodaltons (KDa), cuja expressao foi avaliada atraves da reacao de imunofluorescencia indireta. O referido antigeno persistiu no tegumento do esquistossomulo em desenvolvimento pelo menos ate 96 horas pos-transformacao. O anticorpo monoclonal reagiu tambem com a superficie de cercarias, mas nao com a de vermes adultos. O C6G9, em presenca de complemento, foi tambem capaz de mediar niveis significativos de citoxicidade para esquistossomulos recem-transformados.