RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Visual art is an expression of neurological function and how it organizes and interprets perception. The art is predominantly in the right hemisphere, in contrast, the left side, have inhibitory effects on artistic expression. In normal subjects, inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms could interact in a complex harmony, reflecting a paradoxical functional facilitation. Brain diseases such as dementia could change this harmony and then, alter the artistic abilities. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the art expression in the degenerative diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Artistic abilities of 3 painters with degenerative diseases were assessment. RESULTS: Patient 1: A 83 - year old right handed female, diagnosis: Alzheimer's disease. Artistic description: low productivity, simplified versions of earlier and alteration of the visuospatial organization. Patient 2: A 78-year-old right handed female, diagnosis: Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA); Artistic description: oversimplified drawings which maintaining overall spatial organization, without impair artistic skills. Patient 3: A 68 year-old right handed woman, diagnosis: Fronto-Temporal Dementia (FTD). Artistic description: Increased artistic activity, originality, freedom, utilization of intense colours with perseverative and repetitive copying of similar paintings of her own work. CONCLUSIONS: Visual art in Alzheimer's disease is a consequence of visuospatial and constructive disabilities. In contrast, the conservation of this cognitive functions and left asymmetrical involved, in FTD and PPA respectively, suggest artistic preservation, independently of the language injury. The disproportionate functional prevalence of the right over the left could lead to a release of novelty - seeking in art and can contribute to emergent creativity. These observations suggest an organization for art in the brain and proposed bases for further investigations in dementias.
Asunto(s)
Creatividad , Demencia/psicología , Pinturas , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/psicología , Afasia Progresiva Primaria/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cerebrovascular disease may cause "vascular depression" (VaD). Calcium channel-blockers are presumed treatments for cerebrovascular disease and might be expected to improve depression and prevent recurrence. OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy and tolerability of the use of nimodipine as an augmentation of fluoxetine in the treatment of VaD. DESIGN: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial in which 101 patients with VaD (Alexopoulos criteria) were treated with fluoxetine at standard doses. Patients were randomized to placebo (n=51) or nimodipine (n=50). Treatment outcomes were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) regularly up to 8 months after treatment initiation. RESULTS: Depression was reduced in 63% of patients, but those whose treatment was enhanced with nimodipine had greater improvements overall by repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) (F(1.80) = 9.76, p=0.001). In addition, a greater proportion of patients treated with fluoxetine-nimodipine (54% vs. 27%) exhibited full remission (chi2(d.f. 1)= 7.3, p = 0.006), with the number needed to treat (NNT) equal to 4 (95% CI 2-12). Of those experiencing full remission in the first 61 days, fewer patients on fluoxetine-nimodipine (3.7%) developed recurrence of major depression as compared to those on fluoxetine alone (35.7%) (chi2(d.f. 1) = 7.56, p = 0.006), NNT 3 (95% CI 2-9). Side-effects were noted in 33.3% of patients in the control group and 48% of the experimental group (chi2(d.f. 1) = 2.25, p = 0.133). CONCLUSIONS: In treating VaD, augmentation of fluoxetine with nimodipine led to better treatment results and lower rates of recurrence. These findings support the argument that augmentation of antidepressant therapy might be helpful in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease, which is involved in the pathogenesis of this type of depression.
Asunto(s)
Antidepresivos de Segunda Generación/administración & dosificación , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/administración & dosificación , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/complicaciones , Trastorno Depresivo/tratamiento farmacológico , Fluoxetina/administración & dosificación , Nimodipina/administración & dosificación , Anciano , Argentina , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/psicología , Trastorno Depresivo/diagnóstico , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Método Doble Ciego , Esquema de Medicación , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Prevención SecundariaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) represents a clinical syndrome linked to multiple degenerative diseases. The diagnosis of PPA is made when language is the only area of salient and progressive dysfunction for at least the first two years of the disease. AIM: To evaluate the neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric and language characteristics of the PPA. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 15 patients with PPA underwent language, neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomography and single photon emission computerized tomography. RESULTS: We observed a clear distinction between the oral expression patterns; the patients were classificated by type of aphasia. The most common sign of PPA was a word finding deficit, also known as anomia. Seven aphasia type Broca, four sensorial transcortical aphasia, two aphasia type Wernicke and two anomic aphasia were found in our patients. Depression, apathy, anxiety and irritability were the most prevalent neuropsychiatric sign. CONCLUSIONS: PPA is a language-based syndrome, that include fluent (normal articulation, flow and number of words per utterance) and nonfluent form of aphasia. It has been considered a cognitive term, however, PPA is associated with high prevalence of psychiatric manifestations. More research it will be necessary to evaluate the prognostic value of them. The slow and progressive deterioration of language provides an interesting model to understand the mechanisms and biological bases involved in the linguistic process.
Asunto(s)
Afasia Progresiva Primaria/fisiopatología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Afasia Progresiva Primaria/clasificación , Afasia Progresiva Primaria/diagnóstico , Encéfalo/anatomía & histología , Encéfalo/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Lenguaje , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión de Fotón ÚnicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Visual art is an expression of neurological function and how it organizes and interprets perception. The art is predominantly in the right hemisphere, in contrast, the left side, have inhibitory effects on artistic expression. In normal subjects, inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms could interact in a complex harmony, reflecting a paradoxical functional facilitation. Brain diseases such as dementia could change this harmony and then, alter the artistic abilities. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the art expression in the degenerative diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Artistic abilities of 3 painters with degenerative diseases were assessment. RESULTS: Patient 1: A 83 - year old right handed female, diagnosis: Alzheimers disease. Artistic description: low productivity, simplified versions of earlier and alteration of the visuospatial organization. Patient 2: A 78-year-old right handed female, diagnosis: Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA); Artistic description: oversimplified drawings which maintaining overall spatial organization, without impair artistic skills. Patient 3: A 68 year-old right handed woman, diagnosis: Fronto-Temporal Dementia (FTD). Artistic description: Increased artistic activity, originality, freedom, utilization of intense colours with perseverative and repetitive copying of similar paintings of her own work. CONCLUSIONS: Visual art in Alzheimers disease is a consequence of visuospatial and constructive disabilities. In contrast, the conservation of this cognitive functions and left asymmetrical involved, in FTD and PPA respectively, suggest artistic preservation, independently of the language injury. The disproportionate functional prevalence of the right over the left could lead to a release of novelty - seeking in art and can contribute to emergent creativity. These observations suggest an organization for art in the brain and proposed bases for further investigations in dementias.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Visual art is an expression of neurological function and how it organizes and interprets perception. The art is predominantly in the right hemisphere, in contrast, the left side, have inhibitory effects on artistic expression. In normal subjects, inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms could interact in a complex harmony, reflecting a paradoxical functional facilitation. Brain diseases such as dementia could change this harmony and then, alter the artistic abilities. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the art expression in the degenerative diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Artistic abilities of 3 painters with degenerative diseases were assessment. RESULTS: Patient 1: A 83 - year old right handed female, diagnosis: Alzheimers disease. Artistic description: low productivity, simplified versions of earlier and alteration of the visuospatial organization. Patient 2: A 78-year-old right handed female, diagnosis: Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA); Artistic description: oversimplified drawings which maintaining overall spatial organization, without impair artistic skills. Patient 3: A 68 year-old right handed woman, diagnosis: Fronto-Temporal Dementia (FTD). Artistic description: Increased artistic activity, originality, freedom, utilization of intense colours with perseverative and repetitive copying of similar paintings of her own work. CONCLUSIONS: Visual art in Alzheimers disease is a consequence of visuospatial and constructive disabilities. In contrast, the conservation of this cognitive functions and left asymmetrical involved, in FTD and PPA respectively, suggest artistic preservation, independently of the language injury. The disproportionate functional prevalence of the right over the left could lead to a release of novelty - seeking in art and can contribute to emergent creativity. These observations suggest an organization for art in the brain and proposed bases for further investigations in dementias.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: 'Vascular depression' may be caused by cerebrovascular disease. Calcium channel blockers, which are putative treatments for cerebrovascular disease, might be expected to improve depression reduction and to prevent recurrence of depression in this patient population. This clinical trial was designed to test these hypotheses. DESIGN: This was a controlled, double blind, randomized clinical trial in which 84 patients with vascular depression (Alexopoulos criteria) were treated with antidepressants at standard doses. Patients were also randomized to nimodipine (n = 40) or an inactive comparator, vitamin C (n = 44). Treatment outcomes were assessed using the Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) regularly up to 300 days after treatment initiation. RESULTS: As expected, depression reduction was successful in most patients. In addition, those treated with nimodipine plus an antidepressant had greater improvements in depression overall in repeated measures ANCOVA (F(1,81) = 8.64, p = 0.004). As well a greater proportion of nimodipine-treated participants (45 versus 25%) exhibited a full remission (HDRS < or = 10) (chi(2)(df, 1) = 3.71, p = 0.054). Among those experiencing a substantial response in the first 60 days (50% reduction in HDRS), fewer patients on nimodipine (7.4%) had a recurrence of major depression when compared to those on antidepressant alone (32%) (chi(2)(df, 1) = 3.59, p = 0.058). CONCLUSIONS: In treating vascular depression, augmentation of antidepressant therapy with a calcium-channel blocker leads to greater depression reduction and lower rates of recurrence. These findings support the argument that cerebrovascular disease is involved in the pathogenesis and recurrence of depression in these patients.
Asunto(s)
Antidepresivos/administración & dosificación , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/administración & dosificación , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastorno Depresivo/tratamiento farmacológico , Nimodipina/administración & dosificación , Anciano , Análisis de Varianza , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/complicaciones , Trastorno Depresivo/etiología , Método Doble Ciego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevención SecundariaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Reduced ability to remember facts and events of everyday life is a common complaint in the elderly and is also the first sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present research was designed to study the interrelationship between severity of memory complaints (MC), informant report, and performance in memory tests. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy three (73) patients (41 age associated memory impairment (AAMI), and 32 Alzheimer's disease) and 30 normal controls were studied using the Subjective Memory Questionnaire (modified version), an objective memory battery and the Hamilton depression scale. RESULTS: Age Associated Memory Impairment subjects reported more severe MC (p< 0.001). No relationship was found between severity of MC and age, sex or educational level. Patient's MC didn't correlate with objective memory battery. A strong correlation was found with Hamilton depression score. Caregiver memory reports correlated with objective memory performances. CONCLUSION: Depressive features in AAMI and anosognosia in dementia patients would explain these results. These data suggest that informant report is the best predictor of patient's memory performance.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/psicología , Familia/psicología , Memoria , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Los sujetos que envejecen frecuentemente se "quejan" de sus olvidos, los cuales pueden ser normales o el síntoma de inicio de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar en sujetos normales y en dementes la importancia de esta queja, el reporte de su familiar y el rendimiento en las baterías objetivas de memoria. Fueron evaluados 173 sujetos (41 deterioros de memoria asociado a la edad (DMAE); 32 demencias de tipo Alzheimer; 29 demencia vvascular; 14 demencia frontotemporal y 57 varios) y 30 controles. Para estudiar la "queja subjetiva" se adaptó el Cuestionario de Memoria Subjetiva, el cual debía completar el paciente y un protocolo similar que debía llenar el familiar. La queja es significativamente mayor en los sujetos con DMAE que en controles. En los sujetos normales y en DMAE no hay correlación entre la severidad del CMS con la edad, con la escolaridad, ni con el sexo. La queja de olvidos no se correlaciona con el MMSe ni con las pruebas de memoria, la correlación es significativa con la escala de depresión de Hamilton. cuando el cuestionario es llenado por el familiar, los resultados totales se correlacionan con el MMSe y con las pruebas de memoria del paciente pero no con la escala de depresión. Este trabajo demuestra que los cuestionarios de pérdida de memoria de los pacientes no tienen validez clínica. Un sujeto no puede ser objetivo con su propio rendimiento, este conocimiento es modificado por los rasgos ansioso-depresivos en los controles y en DMAE o por la anosognosia en los pacientes dementes. La preocupación del familiar es más significativa que la del propio paciente y debe ser tomada como un signo de alarma precoz de deterioro de memoria
Asunto(s)
Estudio Comparativo , Humanos , Anciano , Trastornos de la Memoria/epidemiología , Demencia , SaludRESUMEN
Los sujetos que envejecen frecuentemente se "quejan" de sus olvidos, los cuales pueden ser normales o el síntoma de inicio de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar en sujetos normales y en dementes la importancia de esta queja, el reporte de su familiar y el rendimiento en las baterías objetivas de memoria. Fueron evaluados 173 sujetos (41 deterioros de memoria asociado a la edad (DMAE); 32 demencias de tipo Alzheimer; 29 demencia vvascular; 14 demencia frontotemporal y 57 varios) y 30 controles. Para estudiar la "queja subjetiva" se adaptó el Cuestionario de Memoria Subjetiva, el cual debía completar el paciente y un protocolo similar que debía llenar el familiar. La queja es significativamente mayor en los sujetos con DMAE que en controles. En los sujetos normales y en DMAE no hay correlación entre la severidad del CMS con la edad, con la escolaridad, ni con el sexo. La queja de olvidos no se correlaciona con el MMSe ni con las pruebas de memoria, la correlación es significativa con la escala de depresión de Hamilton. cuando el cuestionario es llenado por el familiar, los resultados totales se correlacionan con el MMSe y con las pruebas de memoria del paciente pero no con la escala de depresión. Este trabajo demuestra que los cuestionarios de pérdida de memoria de los pacientes no tienen validez clínica. Un sujeto no puede ser objetivo con su propio rendimiento, este conocimiento es modificado por los rasgos ansioso-depresivos en los controles y en DMAE o por la anosognosia en los pacientes dementes. La preocupación del familiar es más significativa que la del propio paciente y debe ser tomada como un signo de alarma precoz de deterioro de memoria
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Anciano , Demencia , Trastornos de la Memoria/epidemiología , SaludRESUMEN
Major depression is one of the most common medical disorders seen in primary care practice. Management frequently fails to meet recommended standards of treatment. For example, only a minority of patients are treated with antidepressants. The goals of this study were to establish the safety and effectiveness in the real world of a protocol-based pharmacological intervention administered by primary care physicians trained by psychiatrists. This was a naturalistic, open, 8-week, noncomparative, multicenter study of sertraline, 50-100 mg, in the treatment of 469 patients with mild-to-moderate major depression seen in primary care office settings. Effectiveness was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The mean value of the HDRS declined steadily from 25.4 at baseline to 8.5 at day 56 (p < 0.0001). Fifty-two percent of patients achieved a full remission (HDRS <10 on day 56) and 70% had a positive response (50% reduction in HDRS scores). Only 26% had side effects, most of them mild. Major depression can be successfully diagnosed and treated by primary care physicians when adequately trained and supported by psychiatrists.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Depresivo/tratamiento farmacológico , Atención Primaria de Salud , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/uso terapéutico , Sertralina/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Protocolos Clínicos , Trastorno Depresivo/diagnóstico , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/efectos adversos , Sertralina/efectos adversos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Great strides have been achieved in recent years in the detection and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in primary care settings. Little is known about the types or patients with MDD seen in primary care as compared with those seen in psychiatric office practice. Few studies have compared clinical outcomes after treatment with antidepressants in these two settings. In Argentina, the authors conducted an open-label treatment study of MDD patients in primary care (n = 469) and psychiatric office practice (n = 299). The patients were compared on baseline sociodemographic and clinical variables. These same patients were treated with sertraline 50-100 mg per day for 8 weeks. At baseline, the patients in psychiatric office practice were younger, more likely to abuse alcohol, less likely to have comorbid medical disorders, and more likely to have failed a prior treatment for depression during the current episode. The two groups did not differ significantly on depression severity or in depressive symptom profile on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D). After 8 weeks of treatment, mean Ham-D scores were reduced comparably in both groups, from about 25 to about 10. Rates of adverse events were 14%-29%, depending on the follow-up interval. Adherence with treatment was high in both groups (over 95%). The patients in primary care and psychiatry office practice are similar in several ways. Significant reductions in depressive symptoms are possible in both settings, in large numbers of patients, by using doses of sertraline in the 50-100 mg range.
Asunto(s)
Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/tratamiento farmacológico , Grupo de Atención al Paciente , Sertralina/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Antidepresivos/efectos adversos , Argentina , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inventario de Personalidad , Atención Primaria de Salud , Sertralina/efectos adversos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: When the clinical picture consists of prominent cognitive impairments (e.g. amnesia) with relatively mild behavioral symptoms, it can be very difficult to distinguish frontal lobe dementia (FLD) from Alzheimer disease (AD). However, these conditions may have distinct cognitive profiles that could be detected by means of neuropsychological testing. The objective was to examine the early differential cognitive feature between FLD and AD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve patients with FLD, 20 patients with AD, and 20 normal subjects matched for age and educational level were evaluated with the Folstein Mini Mental State Examination, the Signoret Memory Battery, the Boston Naming Test, Verbal Fluency (FAS), the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and the Trail Making Test. The FLD patients met the Lund and Manchester criteria, and the AD patients met the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINDS-ADRDA) criteria for clinically probable AD. RESULTS: FLD and AD patients were matched for the severity of dementia using the Global Deterioration Scale (3.8 +/- 0.3 versus 3.9 +/- 0.5 respectively). Mean Z scores were calculated in order to facilitate the comparison between the neuropsychological profiles obtained. FLD patients scored significantly better than AD patients in memory test, calculation, visuospatial abilities, and the naming test. AD patients performed better on executive tasks. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that neuropsychological examination may be useful in differential diagnosis between FLD and AD
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Conocimiento/diagnóstico , Lóbulo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Lóbulo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/complicaciones , Trastornos del Conocimiento/etiología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Examen Neurológico , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Radiografía , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión de Fotón ÚnicoRESUMEN
Our objective was to study cultural (first language) and innate (handedness) influences on the performance (omissions, site of beginning) of the cancellation test. We studied 71 healthy subjects aged between 18 and 52 years. There were 41 right-handed and 14 left-handed with Spanish as first language in Buenos Aires study site, and 16 right-handed with Hebrew as first language in Israel study site, matched by age and education. We used the Mesulam verbal and non verbal cancellation test, and a modified verbal version in hebrew letters. Omissions in the right side were more frequent in right-handed Spanish-speaking subjects (p < 0.001). We did not find this asymmetry in the individuals from Israel. While all right-handed Spanish-speaking subjects began the test by the left upper corner, most of the left-handed did it by the right upper corner. We conclude that asymmetry in the performance of the cancellation test may have genetic and/or cultural influences.
Asunto(s)
Atención/fisiología , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/fisiopatología , Lateralidad Funcional/fisiología , Adulto , Características Culturales , Dominancia Cerebral/fisiología , Pruebas Auditivas , Humanos , LenguajeRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to determine the relative efficacy and safety of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of major depression complicating Alzheimer's disease (AD). The sample included 37 patients with AD and major depression. The study design was a double-blind, fixed-dose, randomized clinical trial with 45 days of follow-up. The outcome measures were the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D), the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), and the number of dropouts from each arm of the study. Efficacy was similar for fluoxetine and amitriptyline. At Day 45, there was a mean 9.4-point reduction in Ham-D scores (t[df,62] = 9.68, P < 0.0001) and a 2.4-point mean increase in MMSE scores as compared to baseline (t[df,2] = 2.69, P = 0.009). Eleven (58%) of the amitriptyline-treated patients dropped out, compared with 4 (22%) of the fluoxetine-treated patients (chi 2[df,2] = 8.9, P = 0.017). The authors conclude that antidepressant treatment for major depression complicating AD is effective. While fluoxetine and amitriptyline are equally effective, fluoxetine is better tolerated.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/complicaciones , Amitriptilina/administración & dosificación , Amitriptilina/uso terapéutico , Antidepresivos/administración & dosificación , Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Trastorno Depresivo/complicaciones , Trastorno Depresivo/tratamiento farmacológico , Fluoxetina/administración & dosificación , Fluoxetina/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/psicología , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pacientes Desistentes del Tratamiento , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
El estudio de la dominancia cerebral desempeña un papel importante en el contexto de las desórdenes de las funciones cerebrales superiores. No sólo las neuropsicológicas se encuentran lateralizadas sino también las neuropsiquiátricas. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es la presentación de tres pacientes con trastornos psiquiátricos secundarios a una lesión del hemisferio cerebral derecho. El caso 1 es una paciente con un síndrome de Capgras, los casos 2 y 3 un síndrome de hemidespersonalización. Es frecuente que lesiones en el hemisferio derecho sean responsables de síndromes neuropsiquiátricas. El hecho de que ni las alteraciones funcionales, ni las estructurales puedan explicar por sí solas todas las características de los síndromes en estos pacientes, hace suponer que es necesaria la conjunción de ambas em proporciones variables según los casos. Probablemente aparezca en un sujeto con terreno paranoide con ligeros desórdenes perceptivos; o a la inversa, en un paciente con importantes alteraciones perceptivas como nuestros pacientes (visual en el caso 1; y sensitivas en los casos 2 y 3), bastará un pequeño trastorno afectivo para que surja la idea delirante. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndrome de Capgras/etiología , Despersonalización/etiología , Cerebro/patología , Encefalopatías/complicaciones , Trastornos de la Percepción/etiologíaRESUMEN
El estudio de la dominancia cerebral desempeña un papel importante en el contexto de las desórdenes de las funciones cerebrales superiores. No sólo las neuropsicológicas se encuentran lateralizadas sino también las neuropsiquiátricas. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es la presentación de tres pacientes con trastornos psiquiátricos secundarios a una lesión del hemisferio cerebral derecho. El caso 1 es una paciente con un síndrome de Capgras, los casos 2 y 3 un síndrome de hemidespersonalización. Es frecuente que lesiones en el hemisferio derecho sean responsables de síndromes neuropsiquiátricas. El hecho de que ni las alteraciones funcionales, ni las estructurales puedan explicar por sí solas todas las características de los síndromes en estos pacientes, hace suponer que es necesaria la conjunción de ambas em proporciones variables según los casos. Probablemente aparezca en un sujeto con terreno paranoide con ligeros desórdenes perceptivos; o a la inversa, en un paciente con importantes alteraciones perceptivas como nuestros pacientes (visual en el caso 1; y sensitivas en los casos 2 y 3), bastará un pequeño trastorno afectivo para que surja la idea delirante.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cerebro/patología , Despersonalización/etiología , Encefalopatías/complicaciones , Síndrome de Capgras/etiología , Trastornos de la Percepción/etiologíaRESUMEN
En 1923 el psiquiatra francés Joseph Capgras describió un cuadro clínico cuyo síntoma central era la firme creencia del paciente de que personas muy conocidas, generalmente familiares, habían sido reemplazadsa por dobles, impostores. Los pacientes reconocían su exacta similitud fisonómica, si bien negaban su identidad. Se describe una mujer de 59 años, diestra, sin historia psiquiátrica o neurológica previa, que luego de un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico cerebral posterior derecho (RM cerebro) refiere compartir algunos momentos de su actividad diaria con su marido, y más tarde con otra persona de igual fisonomía (que en realidad era su marido) a quien se refería como "el otro Manolo" o el "muchacho". En la evaluación cognitiva mostró una hemi-inatención izquierda, trastornos visuoperceptivos y visuoconstructivos, alteraciones mnésicas y severos fenómenos perseverativos. Desde su descripción original esta patología fué considerada como una manifestación exclusivamente psiquiátrica. A principios de la década del 70 comenzaron a publicarse trabajos que la asociaban a daño cerebral orgánico, referido casi siempre a lesiones hemisféricas derechas. Se relacionó a los desórdenes en la representación afectiva o de familiaridad o a fallas en el procesamiento perceptivo preconciente, ligados a una base paranoide como disparadores de este síndrome (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndrome de Capgras/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Capgras/historia , Agnosia/etiologíaRESUMEN
En 1923 el psiquiatra francés Joseph Capgras describió un cuadro clínico cuyo síntoma central era la firme creencia del paciente de que personas muy conocidas, generalmente familiares, habían sido reemplazadsa por dobles, impostores. Los pacientes reconocían su exacta similitud fisonómica, si bien negaban su identidad. Se describe una mujer de 59 años, diestra, sin historia psiquiátrica o neurológica previa, que luego de un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico cerebral posterior derecho (RM cerebro) refiere compartir algunos momentos de su actividad diaria con su marido, y más tarde con otra persona de igual fisonomía (que en realidad era su marido) a quien se refería como "el otro Manolo" o el "muchacho". En la evaluación cognitiva mostró una hemi-inatención izquierda, trastornos visuoperceptivos y visuoconstructivos, alteraciones mnésicas y severos fenómenos perseverativos. Desde su descripción original esta patología fué considerada como una manifestación exclusivamente psiquiátrica. A principios de la década del 70 comenzaron a publicarse trabajos que la asociaban a daño cerebral orgánico, referido casi siempre a lesiones hemisféricas derechas. Se relacionó a los desórdenes en la representación afectiva o de familiaridad o a fallas en el procesamiento perceptivo preconciente, ligados a una base paranoide como disparadores de este síndrome