RESUMEN
The intricate structure of lignin in straw makes it challenging to hydrolyze, making it a key focus of current research. However, there has been limited study on the effect of enzyme inducer (MnSO4) combined with functional microorganisms on lignin degradation during straw composting. Based on this, four composting treatment groups were set up in this study. Control (CK), functional microorganism addition treatment (F), Mn2+ enzyme inducer (Mn), and Mn2+ enzyme inducer coupled with functional microorganism addition treatment (FMn) were tested for composting. Manganese(II)-coupled microorganisms improved lignin degradation: FMn > Mn > F > CK. They increased the lignin loss rate from 25.54 % to 42.61 %. Laccase activity increased from 3.45 to 43.74 U/g and manganese peroxidase activity increased from 145.52 to 264.91 U/g. And gene abundance was increased. Microbial community structure and dominant genera changed. Structural equations support the idea that functional microorganisms coupled with manganese can modify physicochemical indices, thereby regulating gene expression and enhancing enzyme activity. Furthermore, the stimulation of fungal growth and increased extracellular laccase and manganese peroxidase activities can affect the degradation of lignin. This study provides new insights and theoretical support for efficient lignin degradation and efficient resource utilization of compost products.
Asunto(s)
Compostaje , Lacasa , Lignina , Manganeso , Lignina/metabolismo , Lignina/química , Manganeso/metabolismo , Manganeso/química , Lacasa/metabolismo , Peroxidasas/metabolismo , Microbiología del Suelo , Biodegradación Ambiental , Hongos/metabolismo , MicrobiotaRESUMEN
CONTEXT: Anoectochilus chapaensis Gagnep. (Orchidaceae), an indigenous and valuable Chinese folk medicine, has been used as an antidiabetic remedy. However, the bioactive constituents have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore potent protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors from the whole herbs of A. chapaensis for the treatment of diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The compounds were obtained by PTP1B bioactivity-guided isolation from the active fraction of ethonal extract of A. chapaensis, and elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and evaluated for their potential to inhibit PTP1B with a series of doses in dimethyl sulphoxide by a colorimetric assay in vitro. The Autodock program was used to dock the active compounds into the binding sites. RESULTS: Fifteen compounds were identified; epifriedelanol, friedelane, 2α, 3ß-dihydroxyolean-12-en-23, 28, 30-trioic acid, dibutyl-phthalate, and 7-hydroxy-2-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-1,4-dione were isolated from the genera Anoectochilus for the first time. All 15 compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity against PTP1B in vitro. Nine active compounds exhibited potent inhibitory effect with IC50 values of 1.16-6.21 µM, which were comparable with the positive control suramin. The 3D-docking simulations showed negative binding energies of -7.4 to -8.5 kcal/mol and supported a high affinity to PTP1B residues in the pocket site, indicating that they may stabilize the open form and generate tighter binding to the catalytic sites of PTP1B. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results clearly demonstrated that the potential active constituents from A. chapaensis could inhibit PTP1B, which may be mainly attributed to a combination of triterpenoids and flavonoids.
Asunto(s)
Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/metabolismo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Orchidaceae , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 1/metabolismo , Sitios de Unión/efectos de los fármacos , Sitios de Unión/fisiología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Humanos , Estructura Secundaria de Proteína , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 1/química , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Our goal in this study aims to explain the polypharmacological mechanism at the molecular level responsible for the effectiveness of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription FTZ to treat hyperlipidemia and related disease. DESIGN: By MDL(®) ISIS_Base 2.5, we constructed a compound database based on the FTZ constituents, which were detected in the rat serum after oral administration of the TCM through ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadruple-time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS) method. After validation of the virtual docking system, we used molecular screening by LigandFit which is a computational method for the shape-directed rapid docking of ligands to target protein active sites, to investigate the interactions between the components in database and lipid-modulating targets in the liver. RESULTS: In the prescription FTZ ingredients, there were sixteen constituents including jatrorrhizine, etc. showed potential effects towards the hyperlipidemia-related targets: HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR), squalene synthase (SQS), oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), liver X receptor (LXR), farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα and PPARγ). Among the eight herbs in prescription FTZ, Rhizoma Coptidis (RC) plays the most important role in whole effect from FTZ on hyperlipidemia related disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our research demonstrated that Chinese medicine formula FTZ has multi-target synergistic effect on hyperlipidemia and suggests the pharmacodynamic material basis could be jatrorrhizine, berberrubine, berberine and salidroside.