RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to determine if thalassemia patients were getting quality care in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, as per international standards and to identify determinants for better quality of thalassemia care. DESIGN: A cross sectional study was conducted using interview based structured questionnaire, which was developed using standards of thalassemia care used by International Thalassemia Foundation. SETTING: Five healthcare facilities catering to the needs of thalassemia patients in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. PARTICIPANTS: Data were collected from 315 thalassemia patients from May to August, 2016. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Survey data on quality indicators. RESULTS: Results showed that almost half of thalassemia patients (48.5%) were getting poor quality of care. On average patients were getting only 63.93% of possible quality care for the disease. The most deficient quality area was management of complications where patients were getting only 49.1% of possible care. Better quality of care was likely to be received by those patients who were educated, patients with educated fathers, those visiting private facilities and those who were visiting facilities in Islamabad. Those with concomitant diseases were also likely to receive better care. CONCLUSION: Quality of care provided to thalassemia patients was well below the international standards for the care of thalassemia. There is a need to take urgent action to improve quality of care in the country.
Asunto(s)
Transfusión Sanguínea/estadística & datos numéricos , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Talasemia/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Patógenos Transmitidos por la Sangre , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Instituciones de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pakistán , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Talasemia/complicacionesRESUMEN
Plant secretomes are the proteins secreted by the plant cells and are involved in the maintenance of cell wall structure, relationship between host and pathogen, communication between different cells in the plant, etc. Amalgamation of methodologies like bioinformatics, biochemical, and proteomics are used to separate, classify, and outline secretomes by means of harmonizing in planta systems and in vitro suspension cultured cell system (SSCs). We summed up and explained the meaning of secretome, methods used for the identification and isolation of secreted proteins from extracellular space and methods for the assessment of purity of secretome proteins in this review. Two D PAGE method and HPLC based methods for the analysis together with different bioinformatics tools used for the prediction of secretome proteins are also discussed. Biological significance of secretome proteins under different environmental stresses, i.e., salt stress, drought stress, oxidative stress, etc., defense responses and plant interactions with environment are also explained in detail.