RESUMEN
Children's plastic toys may contain toxic metals to which infants and young children can be orally exposed and may pose acute or chronic adverse health effects. This research aims to evaluate the total metal concentrations (TMCs) of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Mn in children's plastic toys bought in the local markets of Karachi, Pakistan, and compare TMCs to different toy safety regulatory limits. A total of 44 children's plastic toys sourced in the Karachi local markets were analyzed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer for contamination of hazardous elements. Toy samples were divided into two groups: plastic toys (DCT) and plastic toys with paints or coatings (DPCT). For plastic toys, 83% (19) of samples had TMCs that exceeded European Union (EU) toy safety regulation limits for Pb, and 65% (15) of samples that exceeded for Cd. For plastic toys with paints or coating, 43% (9) of samples had TMCs that exceeded EU migration limits for Pb and 24% (5) for Cd. More than 20 samples exceeded the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (US CPSC), Canadian, and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) toy safety regulation limits. In toy samples (n = 44), very high TMCs of Pb (64%), Cd (45%), Cr (5%), and Ni (2%) were observed. Zn, Cu, and Mn TMCs existed but were below the regulation limits. The contamination levels of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni and smaller extent of Zn, Cu, and Mn still pose health issues in children and may cause serious problems in their health.
Asunto(s)
Joyas , Metales Pesados , Cadmio , Canadá , Niño , Preescolar , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Humanos , Lactante , Plomo , Metales Pesados/análisis , Pakistán , Plásticos , Medición de RiesgoRESUMEN
In recent years, silver nanoparticles have gained attention because of their high surface area to volume ratio that makes them more advantageous than their bulky counterparts. Apart of chemical and physical methods of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) production, green synthesis is being exploited by the researchers. Aspergillus niger are among some fungi being used in fabrication of silver nanoparticles and their antifungal activities are being studied. We have experimented using A. niger Gin for extracellular silver nanoparticle synthesis. Characterization of AgNPs was done by UV-Visible spectroscopy and SEM-EDS.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Aspergillus niger/metabolismo , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Plata/química , Tecnología Química Verde , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Plata/farmacología , Espectrometría por Rayos X , Espectrofotometría UltravioletaRESUMEN
New series of Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2 and Zn+2 complexes have been synthesized using a bio-active hydrazone compound 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde-N-(5-chloro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene), abbreviated as [HL]. Complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-visible spectroscopy conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Results showed that the bi-dentate [HL] coordinated in a square planner manner with Cu+2 while for the rest of the M+2 ions, it coordinated in a octahedral fashion. Free ligand and its metal complexes were also studied for their antioxidant potential by employing two methods i.e. DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power assay. It was observed that the metal complexes were considerably more potent free radical scavenger and had better reducing abilities compared to the free ligand, furthermore, for both in vitro assays, metal complexes turned out to be better DPPH scavengers and had better reducing abilities than the standards used during biological assays.