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BACKGROUND: Double kissing crush (DKC) and nano-crush (NC) techniques are frequently used, but the comparison for both techniques is still lacking. The goal of this multicenter study was to retrospectively assess the midterm clinical results of DKC and NC stenting in patients with complex bifurcation lesions (CBLs). METHODS: A total of 324 consecutive patients [male: 245 (75.6%), mean age: 60.73 ± 10.21 years] who underwent bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention between January 2019 and May 2023 were included. The primary endpoint defined as the major cardiovascular events (MACE) included cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TVMI), or clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR). Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was performed to reduce treatment selection bias. This is the first report comparing the clinical outcomes of DKC and NC stenting in patients with CBL. RESULTS: The initial revascularization strategy was DKC in 216 (66.7%) cases and NC in 108 (33.3%) patients. SYNTAX scores [25.5 ± 6.73 vs. 23.32 ± 6.22, p = 0.005] were notably higher in the NC group than the DKC group. The procedure time (76.98 ± 25.1 vs. 57.5 ± 22.99 min, p = 0.001) was notably higher in the DKC group. The incidence of MACE (18.5 vs. 9.7%, p = 0.025), clinically driven TLR (14.8 vs. 6%, p = 0.009), and TVMI (10.2 vs. 4.2%, p = 0.048) were notably higher in the NC group than in the DKC group. The midterm MACE rate in the overall population notably differed between the NC group and the DKC group (adjusted HR (IPW): 2.712, [95% CI: 1.407-5.228], p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: In patients with CBLs, applying the DKC technique for bifurcation treatment had better ischemia-driven outcomes than the NC technique.

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Background and Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) for all-cause mortality in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Materials and Methods: In total, 404 chronic HFrEF patients were included in this observational and retrospective study. The CAR value of each patient included in this analysis was calculated. We stratified the study population into tertiles (T1, T2, and T3) according to CAR values. The primary outcome of the analysis was to determine all-cause mortality. Results: The median follow-up period in our study was 30 months. In the follow-up, 162 (40%) patients died. The median value of CAR was higher in patients who did not survive during the follow-up [6.7 (IQR = 1.6-20.4) vs. 0.6 (IQR = 0.1-2.6), p < 0.001]. In addition, patients in the T3 tertile (patients with the highest CAR) had a higher rate of all-cause mortality [n = 90 cases (66.2%), p < 0.001]. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that CAR was an independent predictor of mortality in patients with HFrEF (hazard ratio: 1.852, 95% confidence interval: 1.124-2.581, p = 0.005). In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cut-off value of CAR was >2.78, with a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 76%. Furthermore, older age, elevated N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels, and absence of a cardiac device were also independently associated with all-cause death in HFrEF patients after 2.5 years of follow-up. Conclusions: The present study revealed that CAR independently predicts long-term mortality in chronic HFrEF patients. CAR may be used to predict mortality among these patients as a simple and easily obtainable inflammatory marker.

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AIMS: The use of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) among patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remains suboptimal. The SMYRNA study aims to identify the clinical factors for the non-use of GDMT and to determine the prognostic significance of GDMT in patients with HFrEF in a real-life setting. METHODS AND RESULTS: The SMYRNA study is a prospective, multicentre, and observational study that included outpatients with HFrEF. Patients were divided into three groups according to the status of GDMT at the time of enrolment: (i) patients receiving all classes of HF medications including renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, beta-blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs); (ii) patients receiving any two classes of HF medications (RAS inhibitors and beta-blockers, or RAS inhibitors and MRAs, or beta-blockers and MRAs); and (iii) either patients receiving class of HF medications (only one therapy) or patients not receiving any class of HF medications. The primary outcome was a composite of hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular death. The study population consisted of 1062 patients with HFrEF, predominantly men (69.1%), with a median age of 68 (range: 20-96) years. RAS inhibitors, beta-blockers, and MRAs were prescribed in 76.0%, 89.4%, and 55.1% of the patients, respectively. The proportions of patients receiving target doses of guideline-directed medications were 24.4% for RAS inhibitors, 11.0% for beta-blockers, and 11.1% for MRAs. Overall, 491 patients (46.2%) were treated with triple therapy, 353 patients (33.2%) were treated with any two classes of HF medications, and 218 patients (20.6%) were receiving only one class of HF medication or not receiving any HF medication. Patient-related factors comprising older age, New York Heart Association functional class, rural living, presence of hypertension, and history of myocardial infarction were independently associated with the use or non-use of GDMT. During the median 24-month period, the primary composite endpoint occurred in 362 patients (34.1%), and 177 of 1062 (16.7%) patients died. Patients treated with two or three classes of HF medications had a decreased risk of hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular death compared with those patients receiving ≤1 class of HF medication [hazard ratio (HR): 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49-0.85; P = 0.002, and HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.47-0.79; P < 0.001, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: The real-life SMYRNA study provided comprehensive data about the clinical factors associated with the non-use of GDMT and showed that suboptimal GDMT is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular death in patients with HFrEF.

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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the safety and tolerability of nebivolol in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 40% in a Turkish cohort. METHODS: A total of 1015 hypertensive patients and coronary artery disease with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 40% were analyzed from 29 different centers in Turkey. Primary outcomes were the mean change in blood pressure and heart rate. Secondary outcomes were to assess the rate of reaching targeted blood pressure (<130/80 mmHg) and heart rate (<60 bpm) and the changes in the clinical symptoms (angina and dyspnea). Adverse clinical events and clinical outcomes including cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular hospital admissions, or acute cardiac event were recorded. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 60.3 ± 11.5 years (male: 54.2%). During a mean follow-up of 6 months, the mean change in blood pressure was -11.2 ± 23.5/-5.1 ± 13.5 mmHg, and the resting heart rate was -12.1 ± 3.5 bpm. Target blood pressure and heart rate were achieved in 76.5% and 37.7% of patients. Angina and functional classifications were improved by at least 1 or more categories in 31% and 23.2% of patients. No serious adverse events related to nebivolol were reported. The most common cardiovascular side effect was symptomatic hypotension (4.2%). The discontinuation rate was 1.7%. Cardiovascular hospital admission rate was 5% and hospitalization due to heart failure was 1.9% during 6 months' follow-up. Cardiovascular mortality rate was 0.1%. CONCLUSION: Nebivolol was well tolerated and safe for achieving blood pressure and heart rate control in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction.

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In this study, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of admission C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) for acute kidney injury (AKI) in cases with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) not on dialysis who presented with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and underwent coronary angiography (CAG). This cross-sectional and observational study included 420 NSTEMI patients. The study population was categorized based on the CAR tertiles as groups T1, T2, and T3. The primary outcome of the study was AKI development; 92 (21.9%) cases developed AKI. The frequency of AKI was significantly higher in the T3 group compared with the T2 and T1 groups (34% vs 17% vs 14%, P < .001). Age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, contrast media volume, and CAR (odds ratio: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.17-1.57; P < .01) were significant predictors of AKI. In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, CAR levels >0.20 predicted AKI development with a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 45%. We observed that the CAR may be a promising inflammatory parameter for AKI in NSTEMI patients with moderate to severe CKD after CAG.

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OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to determine whether admission hemoglobin versus post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) hemoglobin level at 24 hours is a predictor of in-hospital mortality for patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) without evidence of clinical hemorrhage who underwent primary PCI. METHODS: In this study, we included 1,444 consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI at a tertiary heart hospital. The primary outcome of the study was the in-hospital all-cause mortality. We used the penalized maximum likelihood estimation (PMLE) logistic regression method to examine the relationship between primary outcome and candidate predictors. RESULTS: In total, 172 (11.9%) patients died during the in-hospital course. According to a PMLE logistic regression analysis, age, KILLIP class ≥2, pre-PCI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow <3, systolic blood pressure, creatinine, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use, and post-PCI hemoglobin levels at 24 hours were predictors of in-hospital mortality. The relative importance of post-PCI hemoglobin at 24 hours (contributing 6% of the explainable outcome in the model) was significantly higher than admission hemoglobin (contributing only 0.1% of the explainable outcome in the model). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that post-PCI hemoglobin levels were independently associated with in-hospital survival in patients with STEMI without evidence of bleeding following primary PCI. In addition, post-PCI hemoglobin was a better predictor of in-hospital mortality than admission hemoglobin for patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI.

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BACKGROUND: Indications and appropriateness of aspirin use have not been well investigated in Turkey. AIMS: To investigate the prescription patterns and appropriateness of aspirin in a real-world clinical setting. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: The Appropriateness of Aspirin Use in Medical Outpatients: A Multicenter, Observational Study (ASSOS) is a cross-sectional and multicenter study that included 5007 consecutive patients aged 18 or over who presented to 30 different cardiology outpatient clinics from 14 cities throughout Turkey. Only patients using aspirin (80-325 mg) were included. The study population was divided into 2 groups regarding the use of aspirin: primary prevention (PP) group and secondary prevention (SP) group. The indication of aspirin use was evaluated following the 2016 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the 2016 United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPTF) guidelines in the PP group. RESULTS: A total of 5007 patients (mean age 62.15 ± 11.05, 39% female) were enrolled. The PP group included 1132 (22.6%) patients, and the SP group included 3875 (77.4%) patients. Of the 1132 patients, inappropriate use of aspirin was determined in 100% of the patients according to the ESC guidelines, and 71% of the patients according to the USPTF guidelines. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed age OR: 0.98 CI (0.97-0.99) P = .037, smoking OR: 0.60 CI (0.44-0.82) P = .001, heart failure OR: 2.11 CI (1.14-3.92) P = .017, hypertension OR: 0.51 CI (0.36-0.74) P < .001, diabetes mellitus OR: 0.34 CI (0.25-0.47) P < .001, oral anticoagulant use OR: 3.01 CI (1.10-8.25) P = .032, and female sex OR: 2.73 CI (1.96-3.80) P < .001 were independent predictors of inappropriate aspirin use in PP patients. CONCLUSION: Although there are considerable differences between the USPTF and the ESC guidelines with respect to recommendations for aspirin use in PP, inappropriate use of aspirin in Turkey is frequent in real-world practice for both guidelines. Besides, heart failure, oral anticoagulant use, and the female sex of the patients were independent predictors of inappropriate use of aspirin.

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BACKGROUND: No­reflow (NR) is a strong and independent predictor of poor cardiovascular outcomes among patients with ST­segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). AIMS: The aim of the study was to investigate the association of the acute­to­chronic (A/C) glycemic ratio with no­reflow (NR) in STEMI patients following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: This retrospective study included 905 patients with STEMI. The A/C glycemic ratio was determined as admission blood glucose (ABG) divided by the estimated average glucose (eAG). We evaluated 2 primary models (full model and reduced model). The primary outcome was the presence of NR. RESULTS: The incidence of NR was 22.7% (206 cases) in the present study. We divided the study population into 3 tertiles (T1, T2, and T3) based on the ABG/eAG ratio. There was a stepwise increase of the frequency of NR from the T1 to T3 group (36 patients [12%] vs 70 patients [23%] vs 100 patients [33%]; respectively [P <0.001, for each group comparison]). In a full model, the ABG/eAG ratio (OR, 2.274; 95% CI, 1.587-3.26; P <0.001) was associated with NR. After the performance of a step-down backward variable selection method, the thrombus grade, the ABG/eAG ratio, the infarct­related artery diameter, and age remained in the reduced model. The ABG/eAG ratio (contributing 25.3% of the explainable outcome in the model) was one of the strong predictors of NR in the reduced model. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this might be the first study showing a significant relationship between the ABG/eAG ratios with NR in patients with STEMI after primary PCI.

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INTRODUCTION: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate compliance to lipid lowering guidelines regarding statin prescription on discharge and statin adherence rates during a follow-up period of one year in patients hospitalised with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: In-hospital records of 3506 ACS patients, of which 771 had experienced an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 2735 had experienced a non-STEMI, were collected. We calculated medication possession ratios (MPRs) for each subject. We designated patients with ≥9 statin refills/year (MPR ≥ 0.75) as the statin-adherent group and patients with <9 statin refills/year (MPR < 0.75) as the statin-non-adherent group. RESULTS: During a 12-month follow-up period, 234 patients in the STEMI group (30.3%) and 391 patients in the non-STEMI group (14.3%) had 12 refills of statin. Thus, only 17.8% of the total study population had complete adherence to statin therapy with an MPR of 1. When patients with ≥9 statin prescriptions were categorised as the statin-adherent group, only 1575 patients (44.9%) were found to be adherent to statin treatment. In multivariate analysis, patients with a non-STEMI diagnosis and high intensity statin treatment had higher rates of non-adherence (OR:1.685, 95%CI:1.412-2.012, p < .01 and OR:1.344, 95% CI: 1.147-1.574, p < .01, respectively). Patients with prior statin treatment had lower rates of non-adherence(OR:0.437, 95%CI: 0.346-0.553, p < .01). CONCLUSION: The present study shows that compliance with guidelines regarding statin initiation during hospitalisation and statin adherence rates during a one-year follow-up period are low for patients treated for ACS. Considering the overwhelming clinical benefits of high-intensity statins in patients with ACS, every effort should be made to increase the rate of optimal use of statins in secondary prevention.

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Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased morbidity in myocardial infarction (MI), especially thromboembolic risk increases. The PRECISE-DAPT (The PREdicting bleeding Complications In patients undergoing Stent implantation and subsEquent Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy) score was created to predict the bleeding risk of dual antiplatelet therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between new-onset AF and the PRECISE-DAPT score in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients who developed STEMI within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The study population was divided into 2 groups of PRECISE-DAPT scores of 25 or greater and PRECISE-DAPT scores of below 25 and their baseline characteristics, as well as laboratory and echocardiography results, were compared. In-hospital new AF and related events were compared between the 2 PRECISE-DAPT score groups. Results: From February 2015 to December 2017, this study enrolled 2234 patients with STEMI at a mean age of 54.4 years. The new-onset AF incidence rate was higher in the higher PRECISE-DAPT group than in the lower PRECISE-DAPT group (62 [28.7 %] vs 58 [2.9%]; P<0.001). According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the factors associated with new-onset AF were the left atrial diameter (OR=1.98, 95% confidence interval=1.34-2.93; P=0.001) and the PRECISE-DAPT score (OR=1.04, 95% confidence interval=1.10-1.18; P<0.001). Conclusion: The PRECISE-DAPT score was associated with the development of new-onset AF in our patients with STEMI. Further follow-up of these patients will provide clearer information.

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OBJECTIVE: Many studies have examined the capability of electrocardiography (ECG) changes to predict the severity and prognosis of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE). RS time in ECG is potentially valuable in evaluating the prognosis of APE. In our study, we aimed to assess the predictive value of RS time, which is a novel electrocardiographic parameter of one-month mortality of APE. METHODS: This retrospective study included 216 patients who were diagnosed with APE by pulmonary computed tomography angiography. RS time was measured from the ECG (inferolateral leads) at the time of hospital admission using a computer program (imagej.nih.gov/ij/). The patients were divided into two groups according to the median values of RS time: the group with RS time ≤ 60 msec (n:108) and the group with RS time > 60 msec (n:108). The groups were compared in terms of mortality. RESULTS: In our study, the one-month mortality was 15.3% (33) in the patients hospitalized with APE. In the multivariate analysis, RS time prolongation (HR: 1.037; 95%CI: 1.005-1.065; p = .02) was independently correlated with mortality. The ROC curve analysis revealed that RS time > 64.8 msec predicted the one-month mortality in APE with a sensitivity of 68.6% and a specificity of 73.9% (AUC: 0.708; 95% CI: 0.643-0.768; p < .001). CONCLUSION: As a novel ECG parameter, RS time could be measured for each patient with APE. Prolongation of RS time could be a useful index for predicting the one-month mortality of patients diagnosed with APE.

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Introduction: Studies found that the inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). It is well-known that apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1) demonstrates antiinflammatory and anti-oxidant properties in a healthy physiological system. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether there is any difference of Apo-A1 levels in patients with PAF and healthy subjects. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled a total of 35 PAF patients and 34 comparable healthy participants. Apo-A1 levels were measured from each subject using an immunophelometric method. All enrolled subjects were followed-up for one year during the study period. Results: Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were statistically higher in PAF patients compared to healthy subjects (1.54±1.99 vs. 1.06±2.01, P = 0.016, respectively). Of note, patients with PAF had lower Apo-A1 levels (1.84±0.74 vs. 2.55±0.44, P = 0.001, respectively). There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of apolipoprotein-B levels (1.08±0.36 vs. 0.99±0.38, P = 0.339, respectively). We did not find any correlation between Apo-A1 levels and PAF attacks in the study. Conclusion: The main finding of this study was that Apo-A1 levels were significantly lower in PAF patients compared to healthy participants. Based on our results, we considered that Apo-A1 may have a key role in the pathogenesis of PAF.

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OBJECTIVE: Despite recommendations from heart failure guidelines on the use of pharmacologic and device therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), important inconsistencies in guideline adherence persist in practice. The aim of this study was to assess adherence to guideline-directed medical and device therapy for the treatment of patients with chronic HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%). METHODS: The Adherence to guideline-directed medical and device Therapy in outpAtients with HFrEF (ATA) study is a prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted in 24 centers from January 2019 to June 2019. RESULTS: The study included 1462 outpatients (male: 70.1%, mean age: 67±11 years, mean LVEF: 30%±6%) with chronic HFrEF. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and ivabradin were used in 78.2%, 90.2%, 55.4%, and 12.1% of patients, respectively. The proportion of patients receiving target doses of medical treatments was 24.6% for RAS inhibitors, 9.9% for beta-blockers, and 10.5% for MRAs. Among patients who met the criteria for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), only 16.9% of patients received an ICD (167 of 983) and 34% (95 of 279) of patients underwent CRT (95 of 279). CONCLUSION: The ATA study shows that most HFrEF outpatients receive RAS inhibitors and beta-blockers but not MRAs or ivabradin when the medical reasons for nonuse, such as drug intolerance or contraindications, are taken into account. In addition, most eligible patients with HFrEF do not receive target doses of pharmacological treatments or guideline-recommended device therapy.

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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of serum albumin (SA) level with long-term prognosis in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 269 patients with acute PE. The SA level was obtained within 12-24 hours following admission. The primary endpoints were the incidence of short- and long-term mortality in acute PE patients. The mean duration of the study follow-up was 21 ± 19 months. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, short- and long-term mortality rates were higher in patients who had low SA level compared to those who did not have. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, the SA level was found to be independently associated with long-term mortality (HR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.28-0.78, P = 0.004). In receiver operating characteristics analysis, the SA level of ≤3.17 predicted long-term mortality with a sensitivity of 77.5% and a specificity of 79.5% (area under the curve 0.82, 95%CI: 0.76-0.87, P < 0.001). In addition, when the SA plus simplified pulmonary embolism severity index (sPESI) risk score compared to the sPESI risk score alone, it produced a net reclassification improvement of 0.22 with P < 0.001, that is a 22% improved classification. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that the low SA level is a strong and independent predictor for long-term mortality in patients with acute PE.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the serum vitamin D (Vit-D) level on admission in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) to determine in-hospital mortality. METHODS: Ninety-nine patients who were diagnosed with APE between January 2015 and January 2018 and had a record of an admission serum Vit-D level were enrolled in the study. The serum Vit-D level was measured using an immune-based assay in all cases. The primary outcome of the study was in-hospital all-cause mortality. RESULTS: The study population was divided into 2 groups according to the median value of serum Vit-D level: Vit-D level ≤7.36 ng/mL in 49 patients and Vit-D level >7.36 ng/mL in 50 patients. The patients with a serum Vit-D level ≤7.36 ng/mL had a higher of incidence of in-hospital death compared with those whose serum Vit-D level was >7.36 ng/mL (6 [12.2%] vs. 1 [2%]; p=0.048). In Cox regression analysis, the serum Vit-D level (Hazard ratio: 0.82, 95% confidence interval: 0.68-0.98; p=0.043) was found to be independently associated with in-hospital mortality. The optimal value of serum Vit-D level for the prediction of in-hospital mortality was ≤6.47 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity 86.9% (area under the curve: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72-0.88; p=0.004). CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrated that the serum Vit-D level on admission may be an independent predictor for in-hospital mortality in patients with APE.

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INTRODUCTION: Although patients with tombstoning ST-segment elevation (Tomb-ST) usually have poor in-hospital and short-term survival rates, no studies have examined the long-term clinical outcomes and prognosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who have this electrocardiographic pattern. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical events and mortality of such patients in this study. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, we included 335 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with acute anterior wall-STEMI from January 2015 to June 2018. The criteria for the definition of Tomb-ST were accepted as provided in a previous study. Endpoints of the study were the incidence of significant in-hospital and long-term major adverse clinical events (MACE) including the composite of total death, myocardial reinfarction, and hospitalizations due to heart failure. RESULTS: Patients who presented with Tomb-ST had significantly higher in-hospital and long-term mortality (10% [n = 12 patients] vs. 2.3% [n = 5 patients]; p < 0.001and 6.5% [n = 7 patients] vs. 1.9% [n = 4 patients]; p = .04, respectively). In a multivariate traditional and penalized Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, this type of electrocardiographic pattern was found as independent predictor of long-term MACE (Odds ratio [OR]: 3.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.91-7.63, p < .001 and OR: 4.36, 95% CI: 1.97-9.66, p < .001, respectively). CONCLUSION: In the present study, we observed that the presence of Tomb-ST might be an independent predictor of long-term MACE in STEMI patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the long-term MACE of such patients.

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AIM: Current literature lacks a definitive threshold of idiopathic premature ventricular complex (PVC) burden for predicting cardiomyopathy (CMP). The main objective of the present study was to evaluate relationship between the PVC burden and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). METHOD: This multicenter, cross-sectional study included 341 consecutive patients with more than 1,000 idiopathic PVC in 24 hr of Holter monitoring admitted to the cardiology clinics between January 2019 and May 2019 in the nineteen different centers. The primary outcome was the LVEF measured during the echocardiographic examination. RESULT: Overall, the median age was 50 (38-60) and 139 (49.4%) were female. Percentage of median PVC burden was 9% (IQR: 4%-17.4%). Median LVEF was found 60% (55-65). We used proportional odds logistic regression method to examine the relationship between continuous LVEF and candidate predictors. Increase in PVC burden (%) (regression coefficient (RE) -0.644 and 95% CI -1.063, -0.225, p < .001), PVC QRS duration (RE-0.191 and 95% CI -0.529, 0.148, p = .049), and age (RE-0.249 and 95% CI -0.442, -0.056, p = .018) were associated with decrease in LVEF. This inverse relationship between the PVC burden and LVEF become more prominent when PVC burden was above 5%. A nomogram developed to estimate the individual risk for decrease in LVEF. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that increase in PVC burden %, age, and PVC QRS duration were independently associated with decrease in LVEF in patients with idiopathic PVC. Also, inverse relationship between PVC burden and LVEF was observed in lower PVC burden than previously known.

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