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AIM: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases between osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population included 140 subjects (70 osteoporotic and 70 nonosteoporotic) age group of 35-70 years. Skeletal (calcaneal) bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by quantitative ultrasound technique (QUS) for T score values. Periodontal status was examined by plaque index (PI), bleeding index, probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level. Digital panoramic and intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPA) were taken with fixed reference point for evaluation of bone interdental alveolar bone loss (ABL). The recorded data for T score, interdental ABL and periodontal status were subjected to statistical analysis for correlation and regression procedure. RESULTS: The prevalence of the periodontal diseases, in osteoporotic group 120 (54.5%) were with periodontitis and in nonosteoporotic group 100 (50%) were with periodontitis. Correlation of T score with age, PI, gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and ABL in nonosteoporotic group was found statistically not significant. The age was (r = -0.052) indicating positive association with weak correlation, The PI is (r 0.060) indicating positive association, the GI was (r = -0.053) indicating negative association with weak correlation, the PPD was (r = 0.070) indicating positive association with weak correlation, the CAL was (r = 0.133) indicating positive association with weak correlation, ABL was (r 0.027) indicating positive association with weak correlation. CONCLUSION: Calcaneal BMD was related to ABL and, to a less extent, to CAL, implicating osteoporotic subjects are at high risk indicator for periodontal diseases. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Even though the pathogenesis of periodontitis and osteoporosis differs; these diseases have several common risk factors. Both may have a additive impact on patients, which requires concomitant medical and dental management which mandates simultaneous diagnosis of both. How to cite this article: Manjunath SH, Rakhewar P, Nahar P, et al. Evaluation of the Prevalence and Severity of Periodontal Diseases between Osteoporotic and Nonosteoporotic Subjects: A Cross-sectional Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2019;20(10):1223-1228.

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Enfermedades Periodontales , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Índice de Placa Dental , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal , Índice Periodontal , Prevalencia

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AIMS: The aim of this study is to compare three different methods of measuring root canal curvature and its correlation with canal access angle (CAA) in curved mesiobuccal canals of permanent mandibular first molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty human mandibular first molars were used in this study. Standardized access cavities were prepared. After endodontic access, a size 10 K-file was placed in the mesiobuccal canal extending to the apical foramen, and radiographs were taken. Radiographs of each root canal were taken in buccolingual direction with the long axis of the root perpendicular to the central X-ray beam. After that, the radiographs were scanned with a computer Scanner. The angles were measured using the Schneider method, Weine's method, Lutein's method, and correlated with the CAA method. The angular and linear values used in this study were plotted, and the pertinent measurements were made using the program AutoCAD R12. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The resultant values were evaluated statistically using ANOVA test and Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses (P = 0.001). RESULTS: Lutein's method is as effective as the Schneider's method, Wein's method and CAA. method in evaluating root canal curvature. CONCLUSIONS: Scheider/Wein/Luiten method, together with CAA method, may be considered as a reliable guideline for preoperative assessment of canal curvature.

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AIM: The aim of the present study was to compare the canal transportation and centering ability of Rotary ProTaper, One Shape and Wave One systems using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in curved root canals to find better instrumentation technique for maintaining root canal geometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total 30 freshly extracted premolars having curved root canals with at least 10 degrees of curvature were divided into three groups of 10 teeth each. All teeth were scanned by CBCT to determine the root canal shape before instrumentation. In Group 1, the canals were prepared with Rotary ProTaper files, in Group 2 the canals were prepared with One Shape files and in Group 3 canals were prepared with Wave One files. After preparation, post-instrumentation scan was performed. Pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation images were obtained at three levels, 3 mm apical, 3 mm coronal and 8 mm apical above the apical foramen were compared using CBCT software. Amount of transportation and centering ability were assessed. The three groups were statistically compared with analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant. RESULTS: All instruments maintained the original canal curvature with significant differences between the different files. Data suggested that Wave One files presented the best outcomes for both the variables evaluated. Wave One files caused lesser transportation and remained better centered in the canal than One Shape and Rotary ProTaper files. CONCLUSION: The canal preparation with Wave One files showed lesser transportation and better centering ability than One Shape and ProTaper.

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AIM: This study compared the efficacy of conventional, endovac and ultrasonic irrigation system for the removal of debris from root canal walls, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at cervical, middle and apical 3rd. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 freshly extracted human mandibular premolars with complete root formation were selected and divided into group 1 endovac, group 2 conventional and group 3 ultrasonic. After instrumentation and irrigation, the teeth were sectioned in buccolingual direction and analyzed by SEM and the results were analyzed statistically by students unpaired 't' test. RESULTS: There was significant difference between mean values of cervical (CV), middle (M), and apical (A) when endovac compared with conventional and conventional compared with ultrasonic group (i.e. < 0.05) and no significant difference between mean values at CV, M and A when endovac compared with ultrasonic group. CONCLUSION: Among all groups ultrasonic and endovac group showed cleaner canal walls and less amount of debris than conventional group. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Application of ultrasonic and endovac can be used effectively for irrigation of canals leading to least debris and better prognosis.

Asunto(s)

Cavidad Pulpar/ultraestructura , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/uso terapéutico , Irrigación Terapéutica/métodos , Dentina/ultraestructura , Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Preparación del Conducto Radicular/instrumentación , Preparación del Conducto Radicular/métodos , Capa de Barro Dentinario/ultraestructura , Jeringas , Irrigación Terapéutica/instrumentación , Ápice del Diente/ultraestructura , Cuello del Diente/ultraestructura , Ultrasonido/instrumentación , Vacio

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BACKGROUND: To compare the amount of debris extruded apically by using conventional syringe, Endovac & Ultrasonic irrigation. MATERIALS & METHODS: Thirty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were selected, working length was determined and mounted in a debris and collection apparatus. The canals were prepared. After each instrument change, 1 ml. of 3% sodium hypochlorite was used as irrigation. Debris extruded apically by using conventional syringe, endovac& ultrasonic irrigation tech, was measured using the electronic balance to determine its weight and statistical analysis was performed. The mean difference between the groups was determined using statistical analysis within the groups &between the groups for equal variances. RESULTS: Among all the groups, significantly less debris were found apically in the Endovac group (0.96) compared to conventional and ultrasonic group (1.23) syringe. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that endovac system extrudes less amount of debris apically as compared to ultrasonic followed by conventional so incidence of flare up can be reduce by using endovac irrigation system. How to cite this article: Tambe V H, Nagmode P S, Vishwas J R, Saujanya K P, Angadi P, Ali F M. Evaluation of the Amount of Debris extruded apically by using Conventional Syringe, Endovac and Ultrasonic Irrigation Technique: An In Vitro Study. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(3):63-66.

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BACKGROUND: E. faecalis is the predominant micro-organism recovered from root canal of the teeth where previous endodontic treatment has failed. Thorough debridement and complete elimination of micro-organisms are objectives of an effective endodontic treatment. For many years, intracanal irrigants have been used as an adjunct to enhance antimicrobial effect of cleaning and shaping in endodontics. The constant increase in antibiotic-resistant strains and side-effects of synthetic drugs has promoted researchers to look for herbal alternatives. For thousands of years humans have sought to fortify their health and cure various illnesses with herbal remedies, but only few have been tried and tested to withstand modern scientific scrutiny. The present study was aimed to evaluate alternative, inexpensive simple and effective means of sanitization of the root canal systems. The antimicrobial efficacy of herbal alternatives as endodontic irrigants is evaluated and compared with the standard irrigant sodium hypochlorite. MATERIALS & METHODS: Neem leaf extracts, grape seed extracts, 3% Sodium hypochlorite, absolute ethanol, Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) cultures, Brain heart infusion media. The agar diffusion test was performed in brain heart infusion media and broth. The agar diffusion test was used to measure the zone of inhibition. RESULTS: Neem leaf extracts and grape seed extracts showed zones of inhibition suggesting that they had anti-microbial properties. Neem leaf extracts showed significantly greater zones of inhibition than 3% sodium hypochlorite. Also interestingly grape seed extracts showed zones of inhibition but were not as significant as of neem extracts. CONCLUSION: Under the limitations of this study, it was concluded that neem leaf extract has a significant antimicrobial effect against E. faecalis. Microbial inhibition potential of neem leaf extract observed in this study opens perspectives for its use as an intracanal medication. How to cite this article: Ghonmode WN, Balsaraf OD, Tambe VH, Saujanya KP, Patil AK, Kakde DD. Comparison of the antibacterial efficiency of neem leaf extracts, grape seed extracts and 3% sodium hypochlorite against E. feacalis - An in vitro study. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(6):61-6 .

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BACKGROUND: The objective of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of grape seed extract (oligomericproanthocyanidin complexes [OPCs]) on the bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel using 5th and 7th generations of bonding agents. MATERIALS & METHODS: Eighty maxillary central incisors were randomly assigned to four groups as follows: Group I (n=20): no bleaching (control); Group II (n=20): bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide gel, without the use of an antioxidant; Group III (n=20): bleaching followed by the use of 10% sodium ascorbate; Group IV (n=20) : bleaching followed by the use of 5% proanthocyanidin solution. All the four groups were further subdivided into two groups of ten teeth each depending on the adhesive system used in order to bond the resin composite to enamel surfaces. Subgroup A: 5th generation bonding agent and subgroup B : 7th generation bonding agent. Shear bond strength of the specimens was tested under universal testing machine. RESULTS: The shear bond strength values were observed to be significantly higher in teeth treated with 10% sodium ascorbate and 5% proanthocyanidin as compared to the group in which no antioxidant was used. Also, bonding with 5th generation bonding agent resulted in significantly higher shear bond strength when compared to the 7th generation bonding agent. CONCLUSION: The use of grape seed extract as an antioxidant after bleaching significantly improves the bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel. 5th generation bonding agents have higher shear bond strength of composite resin to enamel. How to cite this article: Abraham S, Ghonmode WN, Saujanya KP, Jaju N, Tambe VH, Yawalikar PP. Effect of grape seed extract on bond strength of bleached enamel using fifth and seventh generation bonding agents. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(6):101-7 .