RESUMEN
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Equine summer eczema, also known as insect bite hypersensitivity, affects horses recurrently during summer months. The treatment of this allergic pruritus is difficult and therefore there is a need for efficacious treatments. Autoserum therapy, based on the use of autogenous serum that is specifically prepared for oral administration and given when the animal shows clinical signs has been introduced recently. Lipids are thought to be responsible for the effect of this therapy. OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this study was to analyse the phospholipid content of autogenous serum preparations and to further assess whether these preparations have different lipid profiles depending on the clinical status of the horse. The hypothesis is that the major serum phospholipids typical of the horse are present in the autoserum preparation. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive controlled clinical study. METHODS: Sera were collected from 10 affected and 6 healthy horses, prepared in a similar fashion and the lipids contained in the resulting autoserum preparations were analysed by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The major phospholipid classes detected were phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidic acid and traces of lysophosphatidylcholine. Horses with summer eczema had significantly abundant concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (P = 0.042) and sphingomyelin (P = 0.0017) in comparison with healthy horses, while the concentration of phosphatidic acid was significantly higher in healthy horses (P = 0.0075). CONCLUSIONS: The autoserum preparation contains minute amounts of the main serum phospholipids in differing concentrations in healthy horses and horses with an allergic skin disease.
Asunto(s)
Transfusión de Sangre Autóloga/veterinaria , Eccema/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/sangre , Fosfolípidos/sangre , Suero/química , Animales , Eccema/sangre , Caballos , Fosfolípidos/química , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
This study was an attempt to compensate for an alleged aetiological deficiency in melanoma by the prophylactic oral administration of the essential biological components missing. Nine random patients suffering from high-risk uveal melanoma (T3) were, in this preliminary study, treated secondarily with biological dietary adjuvants after primary standard therapy, enucleation or brachytherapy. Secondary treatment consisted of certain natural amino-acids, trace-element salts, folic acid and a diet containing neurogenic lipid components. It entailed no side-effects, no toxicity and was inexpensive. None of these nine patients has suffered recurrent disease. The mean follow-up time was over 80 months (median 69, range 58-140 months). Local tumour control was 100%. This clinical result is significantly better (p = 0.018) as compared to similar T3 uveal melanoma patients in standard care who did not receive adjuvant dietary remedies after primary treatment. The control patients consisted of similar adjusted T3 cases selected from the Swedish official registries, and T2 patients from Germany. Based on the previous positive clinical results obtained with cutaneous malignant melanoma in bioimmunotherapy this additional positive result supports the notion that biological components administered orally may compensate for the etiological deficiency leading to malignant melanoma.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Coroides/dietoterapia , Suplementos Dietéticos , Melanoma/dietoterapia , Administración Oral , Adulto , Anciano , Aminoácidos/administración & dosificación , Aminoácidos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Braquiterapia , Encéfalo , Vacunas contra el Cáncer/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Coroides/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Coroides/radioterapia , Neoplasias de la Coroides/cirugía , Terapia Combinada , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Grasas de la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Enucleación del Ojo , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inmunoterapia , Vacunas contra la Influenza/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Carne , Melanoma/mortalidad , Melanoma/radioterapia , Melanoma/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , Análisis de Supervivencia , Porcinos , Oligoelementos/administración & dosificación , Oligoelementos/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Vitaminas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Twenty-one horses with sarcoid tumours were treated by bio-immunotherapy using autogenous vaccines during 1991-1997. At operation the base of the tumour was left in the skin and autovaccines were made from extirpated tumour tissue by polymerization. The horses thus formed their own internal control group. One of 12 horses having a primary tumour, and four of 9 horses suffering recurrent tumours, prior to bio-immunotherapy, developed single recurrences. Four of these five horses suffering recurrence were treated anew, leading to remission. Disease-free intervals were longer for primary (P = 0.0005) and recurrent sarcoids (P = 0.0156) than for conventional surgery alone. Mitochondrial events seem to effect the healing.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra el Cáncer/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/terapia , Sarcoma/terapia , Sarcoma/veterinaria , Neoplasias Cutáneas/terapia , Neoplasias Cutáneas/veterinaria , Animales , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Caballos/patología , Caballos , Inyecciones Intralesiones/veterinaria , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica , Recurrencia , Sarcoma/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study is to examine the effect of human error on industrial accidents. One hundred and seventy-eight fatalities and 99 serious accidents were classified according to Rasmussen's SRK model. Of accidents, 84-94% were due mainly to human error. Most of the errors were skill-based, next came rule-based errors and then knowledge-based errors. The type of error was analyzed by age, work experience and work tasks of the victims. The results showed that the SRK model is suitable for analyzing accidents in industrial work using rather simple technology.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes de Trabajo/mortalidad , Atención , Juicio , Solución de Problemas , Accidentes de Trabajo/clasificación , Accidentes de Trabajo/prevención & control , Adulto , Femenino , Finlandia , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Administración de la SeguridadRESUMEN
Footpad immunization with purified bovine retinal S-antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant was used to induce experimental allergic uveitis in 32 guinea-pigs. Thirteen animals immunized only with complete Freund's adjuvant were used as controls. Ninety-three point seven per cent of the animals immunized with S antigen developed clinical experimental allergic uveitis while none of the controls had any clinical manifestation of uveitis. Histopathological analysis in the experimental group revealed mono- and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration in the choroid, ciliary body and iris. Simultaneous disruption of the outer segment of photoreceptor cell layer was also noticed. For the anterior segment of the eye there was a strong correlation between the histopathological grading and the clinical grading. For the posterior segment this correlation was, however, poor. Histopathological changes in the eye were correlated with the clinical grading and biochemical parameters (phospholipase A2, prostaglandin E2, leukotriene C4, proteins and myeloperoxidase) measured from aqueous humour, serum samples and ciliary body-iris homogenate. Protein and phospholipase A2 levels in the aqueous humour correlated well with the histological grading of the anterior segment of the eye. The myeloperoxidase activity, measured from ciliary body-iris homogenate, also correlated with the inflammatory cell infiltration in the anterior segment. Leukotriene C4 and prostaglandin E2 levels in aqueous humour did not correlate with the histopathological, or with the clinical grading, although elevated mean values were recorded in eyes having uveitis. Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, measured in the serum, had a poor correlation with the histological grading for the anterior segment. All other parameters, measured in serum, did not correlate with the histopathological or the clinical grading. Histopathological changes in the anterior uvea are thus reflected by elevated protein and phospholipase A2 levels in aqueous humour as well as by myeloperoxidase activity in ciliary body-iris homogenate.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos/inmunología , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/patología , Proteínas del Ojo/inmunología , Uveítis/patología , Animales , Humor Acuoso/metabolismo , Arrestina , Coroides/patología , Cuerpo Ciliar/patología , Dinoprostona , Proteínas del Ojo/metabolismo , Cobayas , Iris/patología , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Fosforilasa a/metabolismo , Prostaglandinas E/metabolismo , SRS-A/metabolismo , Uveítis/metabolismo , gamma-Glutamiltransferasa/sangreRESUMEN
Purified S-antigen was used to induce experimental autoimmune uveitis in 42 guinea pigs. 16 animals were used as controls. Footpad immunization with fresh bovine S-antigen in physiologic saline mixed with complete Freunds's adjuvant induced a clinical disease in 95% of the eyes in test animals. In aqueous humour the increase in phospholipase-A2 and proteins as well as myeloperoxidase measured from iris-ciliary blocks correlated well with the severity of uveitis evaluated by clinical grading. Leukotriene C4 and prostaglandin E2 were only elevated in aqueous humour drawn from eyes showing a mild form of uveitis. Neither leukotriene C4 nor prostaglandin E2 were detected in eyes graded as clinically moderate or severe. In serum samples phospholipase A2, leukotriene C4, prostaglandin E2 and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase were measured. Of these biochemical parameters, only gamma glutamyl transpeptidase was significantly elevated in test animals with experimental autoimmune uveitis. Histological analysis revealed focal mononuclear cell infiltrations in the choroid. Mononuclear as well as polymorphonuclear cell infiltration was seen predominantly in the pars plana region of the ciliary body of test animals with uveitis. Simultaneous destruction of the outer segments of the photoreceptor layer was seen.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos/inmunología , Humor Acuoso/metabolismo , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/metabolismo , Proteínas del Ojo/inmunología , Fosfolipasas A/metabolismo , Fosfolipasas/metabolismo , Prostaglandinas E/metabolismo , SRS-A/metabolismo , Uveítis/metabolismo , Animales , Arrestina , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/patología , Dinoprostona , Femenino , Cobayas , Masculino , Fosfolipasas A2 , Uveítis/inmunología , Uveítis/patologíaRESUMEN
Retinal S-antigen mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant was used to induce experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in guinea-pigs. Guinea-pigs receiving no treatment, was compared with test animals which received topically and systemically administered KLM-583B, a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor, or subcutaneous (sub. cut) and topical corticosteroid treatment, as well as a test group which received cyclosporin A suc. cut. The best clinical suppression of EAU was obtained in the group treated suc. cut with KLM-538B. Steroids also suppressed the inflammation in the eyes but was not as effective as KLM-583B or cyclosporine A. PLA 2 activity in the aqueous humour and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels measured from iris-ciliary body were significantly lower in the groups treated suc. cut. with KLM-583B or cyclosporin A. Guinea-pigs treated suc. cut. with KLM-583B and cyclosporin A had the lowest antiserum titres to retinal S-antigen.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Autoinmunes/tratamiento farmacológico , Fosfolipasas A/antagonistas & inhibidores , Fosfolipasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Uveítis/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antígenos/análisis , Humor Acuoso/metabolismo , Arrestina , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Cuerpo Ciliar/enzimología , Ciclosporinas/uso terapéutico , Dexametasona/uso terapéutico , Proteínas del Ojo/análisis , Proteínas del Ojo/metabolismo , Cobayas , Iris/enzimología , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Fosfolipasas A/uso terapéutico , Fosfolipasas A2 , Uveítis/inmunologíaRESUMEN
In the present study, footpad immunization using purified bovine retinal S-antigen mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant was used to induce experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in guinea-pigs. The EAU-control group, receiving no treatment, was compared with test animals which received topically and systemically administered ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) or subcutaneous and topical corticosteroid treatment, as well as a test group which received cyclosporin A subcutaneously. The severity of the uveal inflammation was clinically evaluated by slit lamp examination. The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and the protein content of the aqueous humour as well as the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the ciliary body were also determined. Serum antibodies to retinal S-antigen were followed using an immunoassay technique. Topical or subcutaneous EDTA significantly reduced the ocular inflammatory response to S-antigen induced autoimmune uveitis in the guinea-pigs. The best clinical suppression of EAU was obtained in the group treated subcutaneously with EDTA. Steroid treatment also suppressed the inflammatory processes in the eyes but was not as effective as EDTA or cyclosporine A. PLA2 activity in the aqueous humour and the MPO levels measured from iris-ciliary body homogenate were significantly lower in the groups treated subcutaneously with EDTA or cyclosporin A as compared with the untreated EAU-controls. The guinea-pigs treated subcutaneously with EDTA and cyclosporin A showed the lowest antiserum titres to retinal S-antigen. The prevention of PLA2 activity in aqueous humour after EDTA treatment correlated well with the milder inflammatory response in the eye. Based on the present study, it is therefore suggested that EDTA both locally and systematically reduces the S-antigen induced inflammatory response by decreasing the formation of inflammatory mediators derived from the arachidonic acid cascade.
Asunto(s)
Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/tratamiento farmacológico , Ciclosporinas/uso terapéutico , Ácido Edético/uso terapéutico , Uveítis/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antígenos/análisis , Antígenos/inmunología , Humor Acuoso/enzimología , Humor Acuoso/metabolismo , Arrestina , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Proteínas del Ojo/análisis , Proteínas del Ojo/inmunología , Proteínas del Ojo/metabolismo , Cobayas , Fosfolipasas A/antagonistas & inhibidores , Fosfolipasas A2 , Uveítis/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The clinical results from postoperative active specific immunotherapy using autologous polymerized tumor material in six patients suffering from metastasized melanoma is reported. Correction of an alleged systemic deficiency leading to malignant cell transformation was attempted by administering certain essential trace elements, amino acids, vitamins, and a diet containing lipids, extracted from the mammalian central nervous system, after heating. Vaccinations against influenza were also given as a precaution against certain viral infections sometimes seen to precede melanoma recurrence. The clinical results with this postoperative adjuvant therapy are so encouraging that we suggest that sterile tumor tissue should be saved at operation and treated to produce insoluble particles as an option for postoperative treatment of patients suffering from metastasized melanoma. Prospective randomized studies are indicated.
Asunto(s)
Inmunoterapia , Melanoma/terapia , Neoplasias Cutáneas/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Antígenos de Neoplasias/administración & dosificación , Antígenos de Neoplasias/inmunología , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Gripe Humana/prevención & control , Masculino , Melanoma/dietoterapia , Melanoma/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias Cutáneas/dietoterapia , Neoplasias Cutáneas/cirugía , VacunaciónRESUMEN
Bovine S-antigen was purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography according to previously described techniques. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antiserum to bovine S-antigen raised in guinea-pigs was employed to detect S-antigen in the chromatographic fractions. The purity of the S-antigen was determined by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, where a single band was found. The purified S-antigen in microgram quantities together with Freund's complete adjuvant induced uveitis in rats two weeks after injection into the foot pad. Serum samples from children suffering from chronic uveitis and healthy children were tested for antibodies to S-antigen by the ELISA. A statistically significant difference in the level of specific antibodies between patients and controls was found. There was no clear-cut correlation between the severity of uveitis and antibody titre, but cases with retinal involvement and aggressive uveitis all showed definite elevations of antibodies to S-antigen.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos/análisis , Antígenos/inmunología , Uveítis/inmunología , Arrestina , Niño , Enfermedad Crónica , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , HumanosRESUMEN
In a randomized double-blind study the effect of CaNa2EDTA, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, was tested as a treatment for acute pancreatitis. CaNa2EDTA was infused intravenously during the first 2 days after admission to hospital, in addition to normal conservative treatment. CaNa2EDTA decreased the serum phospholipase A2 activity and appeared to promote recovery from the illness. To what extent the inhibition of serum phospholipase activity may prevent the progress of severe haemorrhagic pancreatitis or diminish mortality and morbidity in acute pancreatitis should be investigated in further studies.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Unión al Calcio , Ácido Edético/uso terapéutico , Glicoproteínas/uso terapéutico , Pancreatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Fosfolipasas A/antagonistas & inhibidores , Fosfolipasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Enfermedad Aguda , Anexinas , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pancreatitis/metabolismo , Fosfolipasas A2 , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
The results of a 13-year (1971-1984) follow-up of specific active immunotherapy using polymerized autologous tumor tissue with adjuvants and supportive measures, following palliative nephrectomy in 71 patients suffering from advanced renal adenocarcinoma, are presented. The control patient group comprised 56 patients who received the best possible conservative treatment available. The statistically calculated life expectancy in the immunotherapy group is 44.5 months (SE 5.7) and in the control group 19.0 months (SE 3.3). The difference is statistically highly significant (generalized Wilcoxon [Breslow], t = 14.9, p less than 0.0001). There were no serious side effects from the immunization. The supportive measures entailing the administration of factors involved in cell regulatory functions mediated by the central nervous system, amino acids, trace elements, hormones and vitamins has still to be optimized.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Renales/terapia , Inmunoterapia , Neoplasias Renales/terapia , Cuidados Paliativos , Vacunación , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Renales/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Células Renales/cirugía , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Esperanza de Vida , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Nefrectomía , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A laboratory method was established for measurement of phospholipase A2 activity in buffer and serum. A series of different phospholipase A2 inhibitors was tested. The most effective inhibitors were Ca2+ chelating compounds like EDTA, DTPA, EGTA, and phytic acid. The calcium salt of EDTA also has some inhibitory effect. Serum phospholipase A2 activity in normal healthy control patients was measured. The activity in 27 patients with acute pancreatitis was tested. The activity was abnormally high in five patients. This activity was in vitro inhibited by EDTA and partly by CaNa2EDTA. The clinical picture of these patients did not differ from that of phospholipase-A2-negative patients. Six patients with acute pancreatitis were treated by intravenous infusion of CaNA2EDTA. Two of them had haemorrhagic pancreatitis and two were suspected of having early haemorrhagic pancreatitis. During the CaNa2EDTA infusion serum amylase and phospholipase A2 activities decreased. All patients recovered. No harmful side effects were noticed.
Asunto(s)
Quelantes/uso terapéutico , Pancreatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Fosfolipasas A/antagonistas & inhibidores , Fosfolipasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Anciano , Ácido Edético/uso terapéutico , Ácido Egtácico/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pancreatitis/sangre , Ácido Pentético/uso terapéutico , Fosfolipasas A/sangre , Fosfolipasas A2 , Ácido Fítico/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
During normal pregnancy, the 5'-nucleotidase (AMPase) enzyme activity on the circulating human lymphocyte pellet has been found to be increased significantly (p less than 0.001) in comparison with that of healthy normal persons employed as controls. The increased lymphocyte activity diminished rapidly subsequent to parturition. The enzyme activity on lymphocytes purified from umbilical cord blood was not increased. Acute viral infections induced a transient reduction in the enzyme activity. Further studies of this natural defence mechanism are in progress.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos/enzimología , Nucleotidasas/metabolismo , Embarazo , Femenino , Sangre Fetal/enzimología , Humanos , Periodo Posparto , Virosis/enzimologíaAsunto(s)
Inmunoterapia , Neoplasias/inmunología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Aminoácidos/análisis , Bioensayo , Sistema Nervioso Central/análisis , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Activación de Complemento , Estudios de Seguimiento , Granulocitos/análisis , Inhibidores de Crecimiento/análisis , Humanos , Inmunización , Técnicas Inmunológicas , Interferones/análisis , Neoplasias Pulmonares/inmunología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundario , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Linfocitos/enzimología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Neoplasias/análisis , Neoplasias/terapia , Oligoelementos/análisis , Trasplante AutólogoRESUMEN
Serum antibodies against BK virus (BKV) and seven other viruses were studied in 76 patients with renal cell carcinoma using either the haemagglutination inhibition or the complement fixation techneque. BKV and herpes simplex virus (HSV), but no other virus antibodies, showed a clear correlation with the clinical course of renal carcinomas. The patients without BKV antibodies or with marginal antibody titres (titre less than or equal to 10), had a significantly longer observed expectation of life (O.E. life, 44.1 months) than the O.E. life (26.7 months) of the patients with BKV antibodies of titre less than or equal to 20. Similarly, patients with low or undetectable HSV antibodies (titre less than or equal to 8) also had significantly longer O.E. life (54.0 months) than the rest of the patients (32.7 months). The results suggest that BKV and HSV have an as yet underfined relationship to renal cell carcinomas.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Virus BK/inmunología , Neoplasias Renales/inmunología , Poliomavirus/inmunología , Simplexvirus/inmunología , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidad , Adulto , Anciano , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Pruebas de Fijación del Complemento , Femenino , Pruebas de Inhibición de Hemaglutinación , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , PronósticoRESUMEN
The results of a specific active immunotherapy method following palliative nephrectomy in 31 patients suffering from advanced renal-cell carcinoma are presented. The control patient group comprised of 23 comparable cases, who did not receive immunotherapy. The minimum follow-up time for any patient is 4 years. The statistical 5-year survival rate of the immunotherapy group is 23.6% (SE = 7.8). 7 patients are still alive. The 5-year survival rate of the control group is 4.3% (SE = 4.3), without a single survival. The difference is statistically highly significant (p less than 0.001). No side effects were noted from this form of immunotherapy.