RESUMEN
Youth with dental anxiety are at an increased risk of poor oral health but current tools used to identify dental anxiety in children in clinical settings are hampered by several limitations. This study assessed the psychometric properties of a measure of implicit associations with dental stimuli, the Affective Misattribution Procedure for dental stimuli (AMP-D) in 68 youth between the ages of 9 and 17 years. Measures of self-reported dental anxiety and parental perceptions of child dental anxiety were also administered. The internal consistency of the AMP-D was high (KR-20 = 0.96) and 1-week test-retest reliability was in the acceptable range (r = 0.75). The AMP-D was correlated with self-reported dental anxiety, providing evidence of construct validity. The psychometric properties of the AMP-D suggest it could be a useful tool in identifying youth with dental anxiety, particularly when concerns regarding self-representation may compromise the validity of self-reported anxiety.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Ansiedad , Ansiedad , Niño , Humanos , Adolescente , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Ansiedad/diagnóstico , Miedo , Autoinforme , Psicometría , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
This study investigated the association of academic outcomes, romantic relationships, and substance use (tobacco, marijuana, cocaine) with alcohol dependence in a sample of Latino (N = 1,143) college students. Secondary data analysis was conducted on measures of grade point average in college, relationship satisfaction, drug use, and alcohol dependence. Latino college students who reported alcohol dependency had significant relational dissatisfaction and poor academic outcomes. Thus, lower grade point average and relationship dissatisfaction were associated with alcohol dependence. By focusing specifically on a Mexican American population, this study adds important information to current research regarding the commonality and differences across cultural groups regarding drug use and dependence and further clarifies the risk factors associated with substance use and dependency in a population that is vulnerable for at-risk behaviors. This study also offers insight into potential targets of treatment and intervention for this cultural group.
Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Hispánicos o Latinos/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Rendimiento Académico/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/etnología , Consumo de Alcohol en la Universidad/etnología , Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Alcoholismo/etnología , Femenino , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Satisfacción Personal , Factores de Riesgo , Asunción de Riesgos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/etnología , UniversidadesRESUMEN
The present study examined the relationship between obesity and sleep duration among Hispanic manufacturing workers. Two hundred and twenty eight Hispanic workers from eight manufacturing plants completed an in-person interview that included measures of demographics, health literacy, and sleep duration. Height and weight were directly assessed. A logistic regression, controlling for gender, education, age, income, physical activity levels, self-reported health status, and health literacy, indicated that workers who slept six hours or less were significantly more likely to be obese than those sleeping seven to nine hours (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.04-3.47). Our results extend previous research on the association between sleep duration and obesity to an understudied population of Hispanic workers.
Asunto(s)
Hispánicos o Latinos/estadística & datos numéricos , Industria Manufacturera , Obesidad/etnología , Sueño , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Disparities in health care access, including utilization of preventive health services, are well-documented among ethnic minority populations. This study examines factors associated with health care access and utilization among Hispanic manufacturing employees along the Texas-Mexico border. A cross-sectional survey was administered in 2010 to 228 mostly male (71%) workers. About half of participants (53%) lacked health insurance, which emerged as the most important variable related to health care access and utilization. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, relative to insured workers, uninsured workers were significantly more likely to delay getting medical care (p<.001) and to need medical services that they could not afford (p<.05). They were also less likely to receive a flu vaccine (p<.001). Additionally, uninsured women were less likely to receive screening for cervical cancer compared to insured women (p<.05). Findings support the promotion of employment-based health insurance and education programs stressing the importance of preventive health services.