RESUMEN
During the study of ectoparasites (Platyhelminthes) of fish in the floodplain of the Upper Paraná River - Brazil, a new species of Urocleidoides, present in the gill filaments of Hemiodus orthonops (Hemiodontidae), is described using morphological description and molecular data from the mitochondrial region of cytochrome c oxidase, subunit 1 (COI) and the partial region of the 28S rDNA gene. Urocleidoides luquei n. sp. differs from all its congeners by the presence of a filament that joins the accessory piece to the base of the male copulatory organ and resembles U. paradoxus and U. surianoae. Phylogenetic analyses using molecular data revealed that U. luquei n. sp. forms a paraphyletic group concerning the other Urocleidoides species. In this way, as well as contributing to the description of a new species, we seek to encourage and contribute to the increase in research using integrative taxonomy, thus making it possible to elucidate some unresolved questions about the genus Urocleidoides.
Asunto(s)
Characiformes , Enfermedades de los Peces , Parásitos , Trematodos , Masculino , Animales , Ríos/parasitología , Filogenia , Brasil , Characiformes/parasitología , Branquias/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitologíaRESUMEN
A new species of Ancyracanthus, parasite of the electric eel Electrophorus varii, in the Brazilian Amazon, is described based on morphological and molecular characterization. Ancyracanthus electrophori n. sp. differs from the two congeners namely, Ancyracanthus pinnatifidus and Ancyracanthus schubarti, based on the structure of cephalic appendages, number and arrangement of caudal papillae in males, vulva very close to anus in females, eggs with smoothly mamillated shell, host taxon and geographical origin. Moreover, the new species is the first in the genus to be described with thorny cuticular rings and to be observed with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphology of A. pinnatifidus and A. schubarti is still poorly-known and should be revised in details; however, the separation between them and the new species was clear. Genetic characterization based on 28S rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) mtDNA partial sequences, performed for the first time in Acyracanthus, along with phylogenetic reconstructions using both genetic markers, placed Ancyracanthus electrophori n. sp. in a suggestive basal position within Gnathostomatidae. Phylogenetic reconstructions using cox1 sequences also suggested lack of monophyly in the genera Gnathostoma and Spiroxys and, consequently, in the subfamilies Gnathostominae and Spiroxyinae. However, such results are preliminary. With the first genetic characterization and observations using SEM in Ancyracanthus, resulting in the discovery of a new species and in the expansion of the geographical occurrence of the genus to Amazonian fish, an important step towards a better understanding of these nematodes has been taken.
Asunto(s)
Gymnotiformes , Nematodos , Parásitos , Espirúridos , Femenino , Masculino , Animales , Electrophorus , Filogenia , BrasilRESUMEN
Trypanosoma is a hemoflagellate capable of infecting a wide variety of invertebrates and vertebrates, such as Neotropical freshwater fish. The present study described and morphologically compared Trypanosoma spp., found in Platydoras armatulus, Valenciennes, 1840, in southwestern Amazon. Fish specimens were sampled in Ipixuna and Juruá rivers located in the states of Amazonas and Acre, Brazil. Fish blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture, and smears were prepared for quantification, morphometric measurements, and morphotyping (characterization of the trypanosomes according to their morphological variations) of trypanosomes found. Prevalence, mean abundance, and intensity of parasitism were estimated in the parasitized fish specimens. Five fish specimens were collected, showing a 100% prevalence of parasites in the host. We found two Trypanosoma morphotypes, A and B, in which A had the highest infection intensity in host specimens. Thus, the present study presented the first report of Trypanosoma parasitizing P. armatulus, with different morphological variations.
RESUMEN
The Amazon region may present a high diversity of endoparasites with a high degree of endemism. In this sense, this study describes the endoparasite fauna in freshwater fish from the Upper Juruá, in the Western Amazon. The study was carried out around the municipalities of Cruzeiro do Sul, state of Acre, and Guajará, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Fish were caught between periods of droughts and floods, using passive and active sampling methods. In the laboratory, specimens were biometrically analysed and necropsied. As a result, a total of 23,740 endoparasites were recorded, belonging to 62 species, with 91 new host reports and 91 new occurrences for the Western Amazon. Nematoda and Digenea were the most diverse and abundant groups, and the increase in host fish richness and diversity influenced the diversity and richness of endoparasites in the environments. In this sense, the present study expands the number of new reports, and contributes data on the distribution and richness of endoparasites for South America.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces , Nematodos , Trematodos , Animales , Brasil , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Peces/parasitología , Ríos/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Abstract The present study aimed at describing and evaluating the fauna of Anisakidae and Raphidacarididae nematodes of lutjanid fish (snappers) from the Brazilian northeastern coast unloaded at the city of Aracaju, capital of the State of Sergipe. A total of 186 lutjanids of 5 different species were analyzed including 69 Lutjanus analis, 51 L. vivanus , 29 Ocyurus chrysurus, 23 L. synagris, and 14 L. jocu. Nematode specimens found in the viscera of these fish were clarified with lactophenol. Illustrations of each of these specimens were prepared to help identify these samples and compose their taxonomic description and classification. At necropsy, 3,183 nematodes belonging to two families were collected from fish viscera which included the following: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova , Contracaecum, and Goezia; Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) and Hysterothylacium . A total of six genera of nematodes were found at postmortem examination of which adult worms of only three genera (Goezia, Raphidascaris and Hysterothylacium) were detected in the fish examined. Larvae of Terranova sp. were found only in the musculature of O. chrysurus . Most of the nematode larvae were present in the mesentery and organs of the fish necropsied. Therefore, the zoonotic potential of these nematodes cannot be ruled out. There was a significant negative correlation between the intensity of parasitism by anisakids and the total body length of O. chrysurus; the intensity of parasitism was greater in smaller and shortef fish. There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of these parasites and the length of L. synagris; the presence of these parasites increased according to the fish's body length. To the authors' knowledge, these are the first records of Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris ) sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. in L. vivanus , of Terranova sp. in O. chrysurus and L. jocu, and of Goezia sp. in L. analis. These novel findings add the Brazilian northeast coast and the State of Sergipe in the geographic distribution of these parasites in the country.
Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever e avaliar a fauna de Anisakidae e Raphidacarididae de peixes lutjanídeos do litoral nordeste do Brasil desembarcados na cidade de Aracaju, capital do estado de Sergipe. Foram analisados 186 lutjanídeos das espécies Lutjanus analis 69, L. vivanus 51, Ocyurus chrysurus 29, L. synagris 23 e L. jocu 14. Exemplares dos nematodas encontrados nas vísceras foram clarificados em lactofenol e ilustrados para auxiliar na identificação e compor a descrição taxonõmica. Foram coletados 3.183 nematodas das vísceras dos peixes, pertencentes a duas famílias: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova, Contracaecum e Goezia; e Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) e Hysterothylacium. Totalizando seis gêneros encontrados, apenas nos três últimos gêneros foram encontrados vermes em estágio adulto. Apenas em O. chrysurus foram encontradas larvas de Terranova sp. na musculatura. A maioria das larvas estava restrita ao mesentério e órgãos dos peixes, e em grande intensidade não podendo se descartar o potencial zoonótico. Observou-se uma correlação significativa negativa entre a intensidade anisakídeos e o comprimento total de O. chrysurus, onde a intensidade dos parasitas é maior em peixes de menor comprimento e uma correlação significativa positiva entre a abundância desses mesmos parasitos com o comprimento de L. synagris, onde a presença dos parasitas aumenta conforme o comprimento do peixe. Esse é o primeiro registro de Raphidascaris ( Ichthyascaris) sp. e Hysterothylacium sp. em L. vivanus ; de Terranova sp. em O. chrysurus e L. jocu e Goezia sp. em L. analis, adicionando o litoral nordeste do Brasil e o estado de Sergipe na distribuição geográfica desses parasitos.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ascaridoidea , Perciformes , Anisakis , Enfermedades de los Peces , Brasil , Peces , LarvaRESUMEN
The present study aimed at describing and evaluating the fauna of Anisakidae and Raphidacarididae nematodes of lutjanid fish (snappers) from the Brazilian northeastern coast unloaded at the city of Aracaju, capital of the State of Sergipe. A total of 186 lutjanids of 5 different species were analyzed including 69 Lutjanus analis, 51 L. vivanus , 29 Ocyurus chrysurus, 23 L. synagris, and 14 L. jocu. Nematode specimens found in the viscera of these fish were clarified with lactophenol. Illustrations of each of these specimens were prepared to help identify these samples and compose their taxonomic description and classification. At necropsy, 3,183 nematodes belonging to two families were collected from fish viscera which included the following: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova , Contracaecum, and Goezia; Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) and Hysterothylacium . A total of six genera of nematodes were found at postmortem examination of which adult worms of only three genera (Goezia, Raphidascaris and Hysterothylacium) were detected in the fish examined. Larvae of Terranova sp. were found only in the musculature of O. chrysurus . Most of the nematode larvae were present in the mesentery and organs of the fish necropsied. Therefore, the zoonotic potential of these nematodes cannot be ruled out. There was a significant negative correlation between the intensity of parasitism by anisakids and the total body length of O. chrysurus; the intensity of parasitism was greater in smaller and shortef fish. There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of these parasites and the length of L. synagris; the presence of these parasites increased according to the fish's body length. To the authors' knowledge, these are the first records of Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris ) sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. in L. vivanus , of Terranova sp. in O. chrysurus and L. jocu, and of Goezia sp. in L. analis. These novel findings add the Brazilian northeast coast and the State of Sergipe in the geographic distribution of these parasites in the country.
Asunto(s)
Anisakis , Ascaridoidea , Enfermedades de los Peces , Perciformes , Animales , Brasil , Peces , LarvaRESUMEN
No estado de Rondônia a piscicultura vem se desenvolvendo a grandes passos, sendo uma alternativa de renda para os produtores. Uma atividade econômica alternativa e popular à piscicultura tradicional são os pesque pague, onde reúnem grande variedade de espécies de peixes em um mesmo ambiente, de origens diferentes que atrai diversas pessoas adeptas da pesca esportiva e amadora. Esse peixes normalmente são transportados sem os devidos cuidados sanitários e carreiam diversos parasitos. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve por finalidade identificar os endoparasitos de Colossoma macropomum oriundos de pesque pague no município de Rolim de Moura, RO, Brasil. Para tal, foram realizadas coletas ao longo de dois meses em três pesque pagues identificados como pontos 1, 2 e 3, totalizando 40 espécimes por local de coleta. Foi realizada a retirada do trato gastrintestinal para a coleta e identificação, até o nível de gênero dos endoparasitos. Alguns parasitos foram selecionados para montagem permanente e análise sob microscopia de luz. Dos 120 espécimes analisados, 65,8% estavam parasitados por Neoechinorhynchus sp. e 67,6% por Contracaecum sp. A intensidade média nos três pontos não apresentou diferença significativa. A prevalência no ponto 1, 2 e 3 para Neoechinorhynchus sp. foi 77,5%, 62,5% e 57,5%, respectivamente. Para Contracaecum sp. foi igual nos pontos 1 e 2 (70%) sendo menor no ponto 3 (62,5%). A correlação linear entre comprimento, peso e intensidade média nos três pontos não apresentou diferença significativa. Mais da metade dos exemplares capturados nos pesque e pagues estavam parasitados por pelo menos um espécime do gênero Neoechinorhynchus sp. ou Contracaecum sp, o que demonstra a importância de realizar quarentena e manejo para o controle parasitário.
In the state of Rondônia, fish farming has been developing the great steps, being an alternative of income for the producers. An alternative and popular economic activity to traditional fish farming is fee-fishing ponds, which attracts several people who are enthusiastic and amateur fishing where they re-live the great variety of different fish species. This context is the first study of endorsement of endorsers of three fee-fishing pond in the city of Rolim de Moura, RO, to the examples to the long of three months in the fee-fishing ponds, totaling 40 specimens per local. The gastrointestinal tract was removed and the endoparasites were collected to identify the genus. Of the 120 specimens, 65.8% were parasitized by Neoechinorhynchus sp. and 67.6% by Contracaecum sp. The mean intensity at the three points did not shows a significant difference. The stage at points 1, 2 and 3 for Neoechinorhynchus sp. was 77.5%, 62.5% and 57.5% respectively. For Contracaecum sp. was equal in points 1 and 2 (70) being less in point 3 (62.5%). The parasitic fauna in the three points corresponded to the same genus that may be suggestive of the lack of control in the search of the specimens. All specimens caught in fish and pay were parasitized by Neoechinorhynchus sp. and Contracaecum sp., which demonstrates the importance of quarantining and managing parasite control.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Industria Pesquera , Explotaciones PesquerasRESUMEN
No estado de Rondônia a piscicultura vem se desenvolvendo a grandes passos, sendo uma alternativa de renda para os produtores. Uma atividade econômica alternativa e popular à piscicultura tradicional são os pesque pague, onde reúnem grande variedade de espécies de peixes em um mesmo ambiente, de origens diferentes que atrai diversas pessoas adeptas da pesca esportiva e amadora. Esse peixes normalmente são transportados sem os devidos cuidados sanitários e carreiam diversos parasitos. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve por finalidade identificar os endoparasitos de Colossoma macropomum oriundos de pesque pague no município de Rolim de Moura, RO, Brasil. Para tal, foram realizadas coletas ao longo de dois meses em três pesque pagues identificados como pontos 1, 2 e 3, totalizando 40 espécimes por local de coleta. Foi realizada a retirada do trato gastrintestinal para a coleta e identificação, até o nível de gênero dos endoparasitos. Alguns parasitos foram selecionados para montagem permanente e análise sob microscopia de luz. Dos 120 espécimes analisados, 65,8% estavam parasitados por Neoechinorhynchus sp. e 67,6% por Contracaecum sp. A intensidade média nos três pontos não apresentou diferença significativa. A prevalência no ponto 1, 2 e 3 para Neoechinorhynchus sp. foi 77,5%, 62,5% e 57,5%, respectivamente. Para Contracaecum sp. foi igual nos pontos 1 e 2 (70%) sendo menor no ponto 3 (62,5%). A correlação linear entre comprimento, peso e intensidade média nos três pontos não apresentou diferença significativa. Mais da metade dos exemplares capturados nos pesque e pagues estavam parasitados por pelo menos um espécime do gênero Neoechinorhynchus sp. ou Contracaecum sp, o que demonstra a importância de realizar quarentena e manejo para o controle parasitário.(AU)
In the state of Rondônia, fish farming has been developing the great steps, being an alternative of income for the producers. An alternative and popular economic activity to traditional fish farming is fee-fishing ponds, which attracts several people who are enthusiastic and amateur fishing where they re-live the great variety of different fish species. This context is the first study of endorsement of endorsers of three fee-fishing pond in the city of Rolim de Moura, RO, to the examples to the long of three months in the fee-fishing ponds, totaling 40 specimens per local. The gastrointestinal tract was removed and the endoparasites were collected to identify the genus. Of the 120 specimens, 65.8% were parasitized by Neoechinorhynchus sp. and 67.6% by Contracaecum sp. The mean intensity at the three points did not shows a significant difference. The stage at points 1, 2 and 3 for Neoechinorhynchus sp. was 77.5%, 62.5% and 57.5% respectively. For Contracaecum sp. was equal in points 1 and 2 (70) being less in point 3 (62.5%). The parasitic fauna in the three points corresponded to the same genus that may be suggestive of the lack of control in the search of the specimens. All specimens caught in fish and pay were parasitized by Neoechinorhynchus sp. and Contracaecum sp., which demonstrates the importance of quarantining and managing parasite control.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Explotaciones Pesqueras , Industria Pesquera , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitologíaRESUMEN
The present study aimed at describing and evaluating the fauna of Anisakidae and Raphidacarididae nematodes of lutjanid fish (snappers) from the Brazilian northeastern coast unloaded at the city of Aracaju, capital of the State of Sergipe. A total of 186 lutjanids of 5 different species were analyzed including 69 Lutjanus analis, 51 L. vivanus , 29 Ocyurus chrysurus, 23 L. synagris, and 14 L. jocu. Nematode specimens found in the viscera of these fish were clarified with lactophenol. Illustrations of each of these specimens were prepared to help identify these samples and compose their taxonomic description and classification. At necropsy, 3,183 nematodes belonging to two families were collected from fish viscera which included the following: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova , Contracaecum, and Goezia; Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) and Hysterothylacium . A total of six genera of nematodes were found at postmortem examination of which adult worms of only three genera (Goezia, Raphidascaris and Hysterothylacium) were detected in the fish examined. Larvae of Terranova sp. were found only in the musculature of O. chrysurus . Most of the nematode larvae were present in the mesentery and organs of the fish necropsied. Therefore, the zoonotic potential of these nematodes cannot be ruled out. There was a significant negative correlation between the intensity of parasitism by anisakids and the total body length of O. chrysurus; the intensity of parasitism was greater in smaller and shortef fish. There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of these parasites and the length of L. synagris; the presence of these parasites increased according to the fishs body length. To the authors knowledge, these are the first records of Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris ) sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. in L. vivanus , of Terranova sp. in O. chrysurus and L. jocu, and of Goezia sp. in L. analis. These novel findings add the Brazilian northeast coast and the State of Sergipe in the geographic distribution of these parasites in the country.(AU)
O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever e avaliar a fauna de Anisakidae e Raphidacarididae de peixes lutjanídeos do litoral nordeste do Brasil desembarcados na cidade de Aracaju, capital do estado de Sergipe. Foram analisados 186 lutjanídeos das espécies Lutjanus analis 69, L. vivanus 51, Ocyurus chrysurus 29, L. synagris 23 e L. jocu 14. Exemplares dos nematodas encontrados nas vísceras foram clarificados em lactofenol e ilustrados para auxiliar na identificação e compor a descrição taxonõmica. Foram coletados 3.183 nematodas das vísceras dos peixes, pertencentes a duas famílias: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova, Contracaecum e Goezia; e Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) e Hysterothylacium. Totalizando seis gêneros encontrados, apenas nos três últimos gêneros foram encontrados vermes em estágio adulto. Apenas em O. chrysurus foram encontradas larvas de Terranova sp. na musculatura. A maioria das larvas estava restrita ao mesentério e órgãos dos peixes, e em grande intensidade não podendo se descartar o potencial zoonótico. Observou-se uma correlação significativa negativa entre a intensidade anisakídeos e o comprimento total de O. chrysurus, onde a intensidade dos parasitas é maior em peixes de menor comprimento e uma correlação significativa positiva entre a abundância desses mesmos parasitos com o comprimento de L. synagris, onde a presença dos parasitas aumenta conforme o comprimento do peixe. Esse é o primeiro registro de Raphidascaris ( Ichthyascaris) sp. e Hysterothylacium sp. em L. vivanus ; de Terranova sp. em O. chrysurus e L. jocu e Goezia sp. em L. analis, adicionando o litoral nordeste do Brasil e o estado de Sergipe na distribuição geográfica desses parasitos.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perciformes/parasitología , Nematodos/patogenicidadRESUMEN
Digeneans (Trematoda: Digenea) are endoparasites that present a complex life cycle, generally involving an intermediate invertebrate host and a vertebrate host. There is limited information about which species of molluscs may act as intermediate hosts in the upper Paraná River floodplain (UPRF), where Aylacostoma chloroticum can be considered a potential candidate. The study of digeneans in this region is important because some of these parasites are potentially zoonotic, and, therefore, are relevant to public health. However, the correct identification of these organisms during the larval stages is difficult because of the lack of morphologically diagnostic characteristics. The objective of this study was to identify and molecularly characterize the larval stages of digeneans found in A. chloroticum in the UPRF, using the mitochondrial marker of subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase and the 28S nuclear marker. The molluscs were examined in the laboratory and three morphotypes of cercariae were found. DNA was extracted from the specimens obtained and was then amplified and sequenced. The morphotypes exhibited high genetic similarities with Pseudosellacotyla, Paralecithodendrium and Philophthalmus, indicating that these organisms belong to these genera. This is the first record of larval stages of these genera in molluscs collected in the UPRF.
Asunto(s)
Cercarias/genética , Estadios del Ciclo de Vida , Caracoles/parasitología , Trematodos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , Brasil , Cercarias/fisiología , ADN de Helmintos/genética , Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones/genética , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , ARN Ribosómico 28S/genética , Ríos/parasitología , Trematodos/genética , Clima TropicalRESUMEN
Abstract The present study aimed at describing and evaluating the fauna of Anisakidae and Raphidacarididae nematodes of lutjanid fish (snappers) from the Brazilian northeastern coast unloaded at the city of Aracaju, capital of the State of Sergipe. A total of 186 lutjanids of 5 different species were analyzed including 69 Lutjanus analis, 51 L. vivanus , 29 Ocyurus chrysurus, 23 L. synagris, and 14 L. jocu. Nematode specimens found in the viscera of these fish were clarified with lactophenol. Illustrations of each of these specimens were prepared to help identify these samples and compose their taxonomic description and classification. At necropsy, 3,183 nematodes belonging to two families were collected from fish viscera which included the following: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova , Contracaecum, and Goezia; Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) and Hysterothylacium . A total of six genera of nematodes were found at postmortem examination of which adult worms of only three genera (Goezia, Raphidascaris and Hysterothylacium) were detected in the fish examined. Larvae of Terranova sp. were found only in the musculature of O. chrysurus . Most of the nematode larvae were present in the mesentery and organs of the fish necropsied. Therefore, the zoonotic potential of these nematodes cannot be ruled out. There was a significant negative correlation between the intensity of parasitism by anisakids and the total body length of O. chrysurus; the intensity of parasitism was greater in smaller and shortef fish. There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of these parasites and the length of L. synagris; the presence of these parasites increased according to the fishs body length. To the authors knowledge, these are the first records of Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris ) sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. in L. vivanus , of Terranova sp. in O. chrysurus and L. jocu, and of Goezia sp. in L. analis. These novel findings add the Brazilian northeast coast and the State of Sergipe in the geographic distribution of these parasites in the country.
Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever e avaliar a fauna de Anisakidae e Raphidacarididae de peixes lutjanídeos do litoral nordeste do Brasil desembarcados na cidade de Aracaju, capital do estado de Sergipe. Foram analisados 186 lutjanídeos das espécies Lutjanus analis 69, L. vivanus 51, Ocyurus chrysurus 29, L. synagris 23 e L. jocu 14. Exemplares dos nematodas encontrados nas vísceras foram clarificados em lactofenol e ilustrados para auxiliar na identificação e compor a descrição taxonõmica. Foram coletados 3.183 nematodas das vísceras dos peixes, pertencentes a duas famílias: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova, Contracaecum e Goezia; e Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) e Hysterothylacium. Totalizando seis gêneros encontrados, apenas nos três últimos gêneros foram encontrados vermes em estágio adulto. Apenas em O. chrysurus foram encontradas larvas de Terranova sp. na musculatura. A maioria das larvas estava restrita ao mesentério e órgãos dos peixes, e em grande intensidade não podendo se descartar o potencial zoonótico. Observou-se uma correlação significativa negativa entre a intensidade anisakídeos e o comprimento total de O. chrysurus, onde a intensidade dos parasitas é maior em peixes de menor comprimento e uma correlação significativa positiva entre a abundância desses mesmos parasitos com o comprimento de L. synagris, onde a presença dos parasitas aumenta conforme o comprimento do peixe. Esse é o primeiro registro de Raphidascaris ( Ichthyascaris) sp. e Hysterothylacium sp. em L. vivanus ; de Terranova sp. em O. chrysurus e L. jocu e Goezia sp. em L. analis, adicionando o litoral nordeste do Brasil e o estado de Sergipe na distribuição geográfica desses parasitos.
RESUMEN
The present study describes Demidospermus spirophallus n. sp. and Demidospermus prolixus n. sp. (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae) from the siluriform catfish Loricaria prolixa Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, supported by morphological and molecular data. In addition, notes on the circumscription of the genus with a redescription of Demisdospermus anus are presented. Demidospermus spirophallus n. sp. differed from other congeners mainly because of the morphology of the male copulatory organ (MCO), which exhibited 2½ counterclockwise rings, a tubular accessory piece with one bifurcated end and a weakly sclerotized vagina with sinistral opening. Demidospermus prolixus n. sp. presents a counterclockwise-coiled MCO with 1½ rings, an ovate base, a non-articulated groove-like accessory piece serving as an MCO guide, two different hook shapes, inconspicuous tegumental annulations, a non-sclerotized vagina with sinistral opening and the absence of eyes or accessory eyespots. The present study provides, for the first time, molecular characterization data using the partial ribosomal gene (28S) of two new species of Demidospermus from Brazil (D. spirophallus n. sp. and D. prolixus n. sp.), and Demidospermus anus from Loricariichthys platymetopon Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 collected in the Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. Additionally, a revision of the species composition of this genus and others that occur in catfish is proposed to elucidate problems with their circumscription. The Brazilian species of Demidospermus clustered together as sister taxa among Neotropical dactylogyrids from siluriforms. The morphological characterization of D. spirophallus n. sp. and D. prolixus n. sp., and the molecular data of the three species in the present study will extend knowledge about this monogenean genus from the Neotropical region, and provide new information for future phylogeny studies.
Asunto(s)
Bagres/parasitología , Trematodos/anatomía & histología , Trematodos/genética , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Branquias/parasitología , Masculino , Filogenia , Ríos/parasitología , Trematodos/clasificación , Trematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Fish-borne zoonotic nematodes may infect humans when fish or squid are ingested raw or inadequately cooked. Human infections may have serious consequences, including the unexpected deaths of infected people. This kind of disease is poorly known in general, and the characteristics of such infections in South American countries as a whole have never been assessed. In this paper the present status of fish-borne nematodiases in humans in South American countries is characterized. Potentially zoonotic nematode species are very common in both freshwater and marine fish in South America. Reports of human infections have only been found in some countries, and their incidence (especially with anisakids and Gnathostoma spp.) varies from country to country. Apparently they are more abundant in countries with strong traditions of eating raw fish, and are more frequent on the western coast of South America. So far fish-borne nematodes have been reported in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. In recent years, cases of human infection have appeared in probably underestimated numbers. People need to be clearly informed about risky feeding habits, and physicians need to learn more about zoonotic diseases.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/parasitología , Infecciones por Nematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Nematodos/parasitología , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Zoonosis/parasitología , Animales , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/parasitología , Conducta Alimentaria , Humanos , Incidencia , Enfermedades Desatendidas/epidemiología , Enfermedades Desatendidas/parasitología , América del Sur/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Abstract The present study aimed at describing and evaluating the fauna of Anisakidae and Raphidacarididae nematodes of lutjanid fish (snappers) from the Brazilian northeastern coast unloaded at the city of Aracaju, capital of the State of Sergipe. A total of 186 lutjanids of 5 different species were analyzed including 69 Lutjanus analis, 51 L. vivanus , 29 Ocyurus chrysurus, 23 L. synagris, and 14 L. jocu. Nematode specimens found in the viscera of these fish were clarified with lactophenol. Illustrations of each of these specimens were prepared to help identify these samples and compose their taxonomic description and classification. At necropsy, 3,183 nematodes belonging to two families were collected from fish viscera which included the following: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova , Contracaecum, and Goezia; Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) and Hysterothylacium . A total of six genera of nematodes were found at postmortem examination of which adult worms of only three genera (Goezia, Raphidascaris and Hysterothylacium) were detected in the fish examined. Larvae of Terranova sp. were found only in the musculature of O. chrysurus . Most of the nematode larvae were present in the mesentery and organs of the fish necropsied. Therefore, the zoonotic potential of these nematodes cannot be ruled out. There was a significant negative correlation between the intensity of parasitism by anisakids and the total body length of O. chrysurus; the intensity of parasitism was greater in smaller and shortef fish. There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of these parasites and the length of L. synagris; the presence of these parasites increased according to the fishs body length. To the authors knowledge, these are the first records of Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris ) sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. in L. vivanus , of Terranova sp. in O. chrysurus and L. jocu, and of Goezia sp. in L. analis. These novel findings add the Brazilian northeast coast and the State of Sergipe in the geographic distribution of these parasites in the country.
Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever e avaliar a fauna de Anisakidae e Raphidacarididae de peixes lutjanídeos do litoral nordeste do Brasil desembarcados na cidade de Aracaju, capital do estado de Sergipe. Foram analisados 186 lutjanídeos das espécies Lutjanus analis 69, L. vivanus 51, Ocyurus chrysurus 29, L. synagris 23 e L. jocu 14. Exemplares dos nematodas encontrados nas vísceras foram clarificados em lactofenol e ilustrados para auxiliar na identificação e compor a descrição taxonõmica. Foram coletados 3.183 nematodas das vísceras dos peixes, pertencentes a duas famílias: Anisakidae: Anisakis, Terranova, Contracaecum e Goezia; e Raphidascarididae: Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) e Hysterothylacium. Totalizando seis gêneros encontrados, apenas nos três últimos gêneros foram encontrados vermes em estágio adulto. Apenas em O. chrysurus foram encontradas larvas de Terranova sp. na musculatura. A maioria das larvas estava restrita ao mesentério e órgãos dos peixes, e em grande intensidade não podendo se descartar o potencial zoonótico. Observou-se uma correlação significativa negativa entre a intensidade anisakídeos e o comprimento total de O. chrysurus, onde a intensidade dos parasitas é maior em peixes de menor comprimento e uma correlação significativa positiva entre a abundância desses mesmos parasitos com o comprimento de L. synagris, onde a presença dos parasitas aumenta conforme o comprimento do peixe. Esse é o primeiro registro de Raphidascaris ( Ichthyascaris) sp. e Hysterothylacium sp. em L. vivanus ; de Terranova sp. em O. chrysurus e L. jocu e Goezia sp. em L. analis, adicionando o litoral nordeste do Brasil e o estado de Sergipe na distribuição geográfica desses parasitos.
RESUMEN
Urocleidoides ectoparasites are mainly found on fish of the neotropical regions. Although molecular research on monogeneans is available, no genetic data exist characterizing species in the Urocleidoides genus. Some DNA sequences have been efficacious in systematic studies and in the reconstruction of phylogenies of fish parasites. Relevant roles have been given to the sequence of the mitochondrial gene of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). This study characterized COI sequences of the parasites Urocleidoides malabaricusi and U. cuiabai in trahira fish Hoplias aff. malabaricus of the flood plain of the Upper River Paraná, Brazil. The two species under analysis were distinguished by sequencing and analysing a 420-bp fragment of the COI gene, which suggested the existence of the cryptic species U. malabaricusi.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Cestodos/veterinaria , Characiformes/parasitología , Variación Genética , Platelmintos/clasificación , Platelmintos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Brasil , Infecciones por Cestodos/parasitología , Análisis por Conglomerados , Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones/genética , Filogenia , Platelmintos/genética , Ríos , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de SecuenciaRESUMEN
The catfish species Sciades proops inhabits muddy estuaries and shallow brackish lagoons, as well as freshwater. For these reasons, it is believed that this species may act as an intermediate, definitive and paratenic host in the life cycle of many parasites. From November 2010 to November 2011 and from August 2012 to July 2013, a total of 126 specimens of Sciades proops from the estuarine region of the Japaratuba River in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, were examined for parasites, of which 84.13% were infected by at least one species: Ergasilus sp. (Copepoda) (Prevalence P = 77.78%, Mean of Intensity MI = 10.08 ± 15.48, Mean Abundance MA = 14.27 ± 7.48) in the gills, Contracaecum sp. (P = 23.02%, MI = 20.59 ± 80.58, MA =39.12 ± 4.47) in the general cavity, Procamallanus sp. (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09), Raphidascaroides sp. (P = 2.31%, MI = 1.33 ± 0.58, MA = 0.33 ± 0.22) and Cuccullanus sp. (Nematoda) (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) in the intestine, Ancyrocephalinae (Monogenea) (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) in the gills, Pseudoacanthostomumpanamense (P = 1.59%, MI = 9.00 ± 8.49, MA = 0.14 ± 1.36) in the intestine, Clinostomum sp. (P = 1.59%, MI = 17.50 ± 23.33, MA = 0.29 ± 3.03) on the body surface and two unidentified metacercariae, referred to as Metacercaria 1 (P = 0.79%; IM = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) and Metacercaria 2 (Digenea) (P = 0.79%, MI = 7, MA = 0.06 ± 0.62) in the swim bladder. Ergasilus sp. was the dominant species and thus classified as core, with Contracaecum sp. as the satellite and other species as secondary species. The spatial distribution of infection with Ergasilus sp. and Contracaecum sp. showed a typical pattern of aggregate distribution. The sex of the host did not influence parasitic infections, but infection with Ergasilus sp. showed a positive and significant correlation with biometric and epidemiologic parameters, whereas infection with Contracaecum sp. was correlated only with prevalence and abundance.
Asunto(s)
Biodiversidad , Bagres/parasitología , Invertebrados/fisiología , Animales , Brasil , Estuarios , Femenino , MasculinoRESUMEN
The catfish species Sciades proops inhabits muddy estuaries and shallow brackish lagoons, as well as freshwater. For these reasons, it is believed that this species may act as an intermediate, definitive and paratenic host in the life cycle of many parasites. From November 2010 to November 2011 and from August 2012 to July 2013, a total of 126 specimens of Sciades proops from the estuarine region of the Japaratuba River in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, were examined for parasites, of which 84.13% were infected by at least one species: Ergasilus sp. (Copepoda) (Prevalence P = 77.78%, Mean of Intensity MI = 10.08 ± 15.48, Mean Abundance MA = 14.27 ± 7.48) in the gills, Contracaecum sp. (P = 23.02%, MI = 20.59 ± 80.58, MA =39.12 ± 4.47) in the general cavity, Procamallanus sp. (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09), Raphidascaroides sp. (P = 2.31%, MI = 1.33 ± 0.58, MA = 0.33 ± 0.22) and Cuccullanus sp. (Nematoda) (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) in the intestine, Ancyrocephalinae (Monogenea) (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) in the gills, Pseudoacanthostomumpanamense (P = 1.59%, MI = 9.00 ± 8.49, MA = 0.14 ± 1.36) in the intestine, Clinostomum sp. (P = 1.59%, MI = 17.50 ± 23.33, MA = 0.29 ± 3.03) on the body surface and two unidentified metacercariae, referred to as Metacercaria 1 (P = 0.79%; IM = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) and Metacercaria 2 (Digenea) (P = 0.79%, MI = 7, MA = 0.06 ± 0.62) in the swim bladder. Ergasilus sp. was the dominant species and thus classified as core, with Contracaecum sp. as the satellite and other species as secondary species. The spatial distribution of infection with Ergasilus sp. and Contracaecum sp. showed a typical pattern of aggregate distribution. The sex of the host did not influence parasitic infections, but infection with Ergasilus sp. showed a positive and significant correlation with biometric and epidemiologic parameters, whereas infection with Contracaecum sp. was correlated only with prevalence and abundance.(AU)
A espécie de bagre Sciades proops habita principalmente estuários de águas rasas enlameada e lagoas salobras, ocorrendo também em águas doces. Por esses motivos acredita-se que essa espécie pode atuar como hospedeiro intermediário, definitivo e paratênico no ciclo de vida de vários parasitas. Entre novembro de 2010 a novembro de 2011 e de agosto de 2012 a julho de 2013, Um total de 126 espécimes de Sciades proops originários da região estuarina do rio Japaratuba, município de Pirambu, SE, foram examinados em busca de parasitas, dos quais 84,13% estavam parasitados por pelo menos uma espécie de parasita encontrada: Ergasilus sp. (Copepoda) (Prevalência (P)=77,78%; Intensidade Média (IM) =10,08±15,48, AbundÂncia Média (AM) =7,48±14,27) nas brânquias, Contracaecum sp. (P=23,02%; IM=20,59±80,58, AM=4,47±39,12) na cavidade geral, Procamallanus sp. (P=0,79%; IM=1, AM=0,01±0,09), Raphidascaroides sp. (P=2,31%; IM=1,33±0,58, AM=0,33±0,22) e Cuccullanus sp. (P=0,79%; IM=1, AM=0,01±0,09) (Nematoda) no intestino, Ancyrocephalinae (Monogenea) (P=0,79%; IM=1, AM=0,01±0,09) nas brânquias, Pseudoacanthostomumpanamense (P=1,59%; IM=9,00±8,49, AM=0,14±1,36) no intestino, Clinostomum sp. (P=1,59%; IM=17,50±23,33, AM=0,29±3,03) na superfície do corpo e duas metacercárias não identificadas, denominadas como Metacercária 1 (P=0,79%; IM=1, AM=0,01±0,09) e Metacercária 2 (P=0,79%; IM=7, AM=0,06±0,62) (Digenea) ambas na bexiga natatória. Ergasilus sp. foi a espécie dominante sendo classificada como central, Contracaecum sp. como a satélite e as demais como espécies secundárias. A distribuição espacial da infecção por Ergasilus sp. e Contracaecum sp. apresentaram um padrão típico de distribuição agregada. O sexo dos hospedeiros não influenciou nas infecções parasitárias, porém a infecção por Ergasilus sp. apresentou correlação positiva e significativa entre os parâmetros biométricos e os parâmetros epidemiológicos enquanto que na infecção por Contracaecum sp. a correlação ocorreu apenas com a prevalência e a abundância.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Biodiversidad , Bagres/parasitología , Invertebrados/fisiología , Brasil , EstuariosRESUMEN
Abstract The catfish species Sciades proops inhabits muddy estuaries and shallow brackish lagoons, as well as freshwater. For these reasons, it is believed that this species may act as an intermediate, definitive and paratenic host in the life cycle of many parasites. From November 2010 to November 2011 and from August 2012 to July 2013, a total of 126 specimens of Sciades proops from the estuarine region of the Japaratuba River in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, were examined for parasites, of which 84.13% were infected by at least one species: Ergasilus sp. (Copepoda) (Prevalence P = 77.78%, Mean of Intensity MI = 10.08 ± 15.48, Mean Abundance MA = 14.27 ± 7.48) in the gills, Contracaecum sp. (P = 23.02%, MI = 20.59 ± 80.58, MA =39.12 ± 4.47) in the general cavity, Procamallanus sp. (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09), Raphidascaroides sp. (P = 2.31%, MI = 1.33 ± 0.58, MA = 0.33 ± 0.22) and Cuccullanus sp. (Nematoda) (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) in the intestine, Ancyrocephalinae (Monogenea) (P = 0.79%, MI = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) in the gills, Pseudoacanthostomumpanamense (P = 1.59%, MI = 9.00 ± 8.49, MA = 0.14 ± 1.36) in the intestine, Clinostomum sp. (P = 1.59%, MI = 17.50 ± 23.33, MA = 0.29 ± 3.03) on the body surface and two unidentified metacercariae, referred to as Metacercaria 1 (P = 0.79%; IM = 1, MA = 0.01 ± 0.09) and Metacercaria 2 (Digenea) (P = 0.79%, MI = 7, MA = 0.06 ± 0.62) in the swim bladder. Ergasilus sp. was the dominant species and thus classified as core, with Contracaecum sp. as the satellite and other species as secondary species. The spatial distribution of infection with Ergasilus sp. and Contracaecum sp. showed a typical pattern of aggregate distribution. The sex of the host did not influence parasitic infections, but infection with Ergasilus sp. showed a positive and significant correlation with biometric and epidemiologic parameters, whereas infection with Contracaecum sp. was correlated only with prevalence and abundance.
Resumo A espécie de bagre Sciades proops habita principalmente estuários de águas rasas enlameada e lagoas salobras, ocorrendo também em águas doces. Por esses motivos acredita-se que essa espécie pode atuar como hospedeiro intermediário, definitivo e paratênico no ciclo de vida de vários parasitas. Entre novembro de 2010 a novembro de 2011 e de agosto de 2012 a julho de 2013, Um total de 126 espécimes de Sciades proops originários da região estuarina do rio Japaratuba, município de Pirambu, SE, foram examinados em busca de parasitas, dos quais 84,13% estavam parasitados por pelo menos uma espécie de parasita encontrada: Ergasilus sp. (Copepoda) (Prevalência (P)=77,78%; Intensidade Média (IM) =10,08±15,48, AbundÂncia Média (AM) =7,48±14,27) nas brânquias, Contracaecum sp. (P=23,02%; IM=20,59±80,58, AM=4,47±39,12) na cavidade geral, Procamallanus sp. (P=0,79%; IM=1, AM=0,01±0,09), Raphidascaroides sp. (P=2,31%; IM=1,33±0,58, AM=0,33±0,22) e Cuccullanus sp. (P=0,79%; IM=1, AM=0,01±0,09) (Nematoda) no intestino, Ancyrocephalinae (Monogenea) (P=0,79%; IM=1, AM=0,01±0,09) nas brânquias, Pseudoacanthostomumpanamense (P=1,59%; IM=9,00±8,49, AM=0,14±1,36) no intestino, Clinostomum sp. (P=1,59%; IM=17,50±23,33, AM=0,29±3,03) na superfície do corpo e duas metacercárias não identificadas, denominadas como Metacercária 1 (P=0,79%; IM=1, AM=0,01±0,09) e Metacercária 2 (P=0,79%; IM=7, AM=0,06±0,62) (Digenea) ambas na bexiga natatória. Ergasilus sp. foi a espécie dominante sendo classificada como central, Contracaecum sp. como a satélite e as demais como espécies secundárias. A distribuição espacial da infecção por Ergasilus sp. e Contracaecum sp. apresentaram um padrão típico de distribuição agregada. O sexo dos hospedeiros não influenciou nas infecções parasitárias, porém a infecção por Ergasilus sp. apresentou correlação positiva e significativa entre os parâmetros biométricos e os parâmetros epidemiológicos enquanto que na infecção por Contracaecum sp. a correlação ocorreu apenas com a prevalência e a abundância.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Biodiversidad , Bagres/parasitología , Invertebrados/fisiología , Brasil , EstuariosRESUMEN
Relata-se a ocorrência de Rhinoptericola megacantha (Cestoda, Trypanorhyncha) parasitando duas raias da espécie Rhinoptera brasiliensis, de um total de sete espécimes analisados. Foram encontrados três espécimes do cestóide, que havia sido descrito ocorrendo apenas no hospedeiro Rhinoptera bonasus capturado em Virginia (EUA), Golfo Venezuelano e Golfo do México. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de R. megacantha no hospedeiro R. brasiliensis e primeira ocorrência no Brasil deste cestóide.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Rajidae/parasitología , Cestodos , BrasilRESUMEN
Relata-se a ocorrência de Rhinoptericola megacantha (Cestoda, Trypanorhyncha) parasitando duas raias da espécie Rhinoptera brasiliensis, de um total de sete espécimes analisados. Foram encontrados três espécimes do cestóide, que havia sido descrito ocorrendo apenas no hospedeiro Rhinoptera bonasus capturado em Virginia (EUA), Golfo Venezuelano e Golfo do México. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de R. megacantha no hospedeiro R. brasiliensis e primeira ocorrência no Brasil deste cestóide.(AU)