RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and intensity and examine the risk factors of soil transmitted helminth (STH; i.e., roundworm [Ascaris lumbricoides], hookworms [Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus], and whipworm [Trichuris trichiura]) infections in Nepal. METHODS: Five hundred and ninety-four adults (256 men and 338 women) were selected via convenience sampling from five communities in Nepal. The Kato-Katz method was used to assess the prevalence and intensity of STH infection in this population. RESULTS: Prevalence of STH infection ranged from 3.3% in Birendranagar in Chitwan, 3.5% in Kuleshor in Kathmandu, 11.7% in Kanyam in Ilam, 17.0% in Dhikurpokhari in Kaski and 51.4% in Khokana in Lalitpur District [corrected]. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that not using soap for hand-washing was significantly associated with the prevalence and infection intensity of roundworm, hookworms and whipworm. Similarly, not wearing sandals or shoes outside was significantly associated with the prevalence and infection intensity of roundworm and hookworms, but not with infection intensity of whipworm. Literacy, being underweight or overweight, anemia and occupation were not associated with prevalence and intensity of roundworm and hookworms infection, but there was an association between occupation and the prevalence of whipworm infection. CONCLUSION: STH infection was associated with individual hygiene behavior, but not with nutritional status or socio-demographic characteristics. Health policy focusing on changing individual hygiene behaviors might be useful in addressing STH infection in Nepal.
Asunto(s)
Ascariasis/epidemiología , Infecciones por Uncinaria/epidemiología , Suelo/parasitología , Tricuriasis/epidemiología , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Ascariasis/etiología , Estudios Transversales , Escolaridad , Femenino , Higiene de las Manos , Infecciones por Uncinaria/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Nepal/epidemiología , Estado Nutricional , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Zapatos , Factores Socioeconómicos , Tricuriasis/etiologíaRESUMEN
The high prevalence of anemia and underweight among reproductive age women is a serious health concern in Nepal. The objective of the present study was to describe anemia prevalence and nutritional status of married women in Nepal. Total of 278 women were included in the present analysis. The five communities included an urban commercial area (W) in Kathmandu, an agricultural village (K) in Lalitpur District, an agricultural village in Chitwan District (C) and one in Ilam District (I) with intensive cash cropping, and another rural village in Kaski District (P) with high number of international out-migration of males. The study procedure included anthropometric measurements, blood collection for hemoglobin measurement, and stool collection for examination of hookworm infection, and a structured interview on their reproductive history including contraceptive use. The altitude adjusted prevalence of anemia was 65%, 23%, 16%, 49% and 58% in communities C, I, K, P and W respectively. The hookworm prevalence of each community was not associated with the anemia prevalence. In the urban well-off community W, although 38% of the women had BMI > or = 25 and only 2% of women had BMI<18.5, 58% of the women were anemic. A logistic regression analysis on the anemia risk at the individual level showed no effect of helminth infection, but a significant negative effect of Depo-Provera (depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate) use. Causes of high anemia prevalence among the women resided in the urban well-off area should be investigated in future studies.
Asunto(s)
Anemia/epidemiología , Estado de Salud , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Matrimonio , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nepal/epidemiología , Estado Nutricional , Prevalencia , Factores Socioeconómicos , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Treacher-Collins syndrome, an autosomal dominantly inherited malformation of structures derived from the first and second branchial arch, has an incidence of 1:10,000 newborns. The prevalence of dermatomyositis at less than 24 years of age has been estimated at 1 per 100,000. The occurrence of both Treacher-Collins syndrome and dermatomyositis combined in the same patient should occur once in every 1,000,000,000 subjects. METHODS: We report a patient with Treacher-Collins syndrome who developed dermatomyositis at the age of 5 years. RESULTS: No other patient with both Treacher-Collins syndrome and an autoimmune disease has been reported. The thymus originates from the third branchial pouch and is unaffected by the syndrome. In Treacher-Collins syndrome the affected gene has been mapped to the fifth chromosome, while dermatomyositis is related to HLA B8 and DR3, coded on the sixth chromosome. No immunologic alteration has been described in patients with Treacher-Collins syndrome. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a patient with Treacher-Collins syndrome and dermatomyositis. There is no genetic or physiopathologic explanation for the concurrence of both conditions.
Asunto(s)
Dermatomiositis/complicaciones , Disostosis Mandibulofacial/complicaciones , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Aspirina/uso terapéutico , Cardiotónicos/uso terapéutico , Preescolar , Dermatomiositis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dermatomiositis/patología , Digoxina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Disostosis Mandibulofacial/tratamiento farmacológico , Disostosis Mandibulofacial/patología , Prednisona/uso terapéutico , Piel/patologíaRESUMEN
We report a male with history of recurrent infections (recurrent oral aphtous disease [ROAD], middle ear infections and pharyngo amigdalitis) every 3 weeks since he was 7 months old. At the age of 3 years cyclic neutropenia was diagnosed with cyclic fall in the total neutrophil count in blood smear every 21 days and prophylactic antimicrobial therapy was indicated. Episodic events every 3 weeks of acute asthma and allergic rhinitis were detected at the age of 6 years old and specific immunotherapy to Bermuda grass was given during 3 years with markedly improvement in his allergic condition but not in the ROAD. He came back until the age of 16 with episodic acute asthma and ROAD. The total neutrophil count failed to 0 every 21 days and surprisingly the total eosinophil count increased up to 2,000 at the same time, with elevation of serum IgE (412 Ul/mL). Specific immunotherapy to D.pt. and Aller.a. and therapy with timomodulin was indicated. After 3 months we observed clinical improvement in the asthmatic condition and the ROAD disappeared, but the total neutrophil count did not improve. We present this case as a rare association between 2 diseases with probably no etiological relationship but may be physiopatological that could help to understand more the pathogenesis of asthma.
Asunto(s)
Asma/complicaciones , Neutropenia/complicaciones , Asma/inmunología , Niño , Eosinofilia/complicaciones , Hematopoyesis , Humanos , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Otitis Media/etiología , Periodicidad , Recurrencia , Estomatitis Aftosa/etiología , Linfocitos T Colaboradores-Inductores/inmunología , Tonsilitis/etiologíaRESUMEN
We report the clinical case of an 8 years female with systemic lupus erythematosous who developed transverse myelitis secondary to antiphospholipid syndrome. She had an excellent response to the treatment with Prednisone and Cyclophosphamide. As long as we know this is the first report of transverse myelitis as clinical manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome in childhood.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome Antifosfolípido/complicaciones , Mielitis Transversa/etiología , Niño , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
Type III polyglandular syndrome is defines as the association of insulin dependent Diabetes mellitus, thyroid gland affection (hyper or hypothyroidism) and a non endocrinological disease, rheumatological or not. Less common manifestations include pernicious anemia, vitiligo and alopecia. Circulating organ-specific auto antibodies are detected in blood smear and a lymphocyte infiltrate in the affected glands. We report a patient with insulin dependent Diabetes mellitus since the age of 3, who developed hypothyroidism at the age of 14 and severe rheumatoid arthritis at 16. Moderate anemia with positive auto antibodies against parital gastric cells was detected. Treatment with methotrexate and indomethacin was indicated with excellent results regarding her arthritis and after 2 weeks of treatment she began to walk normally again.
Asunto(s)
Poliendocrinopatías Autoinmunes , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Poliendocrinopatías Autoinmunes/complicaciones , Poliendocrinopatías Autoinmunes/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Study made with 45 patients in the allergy service of the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, with the purpose of analyzing the virus participation in the precipitation of asthmatic crisis in children who lived in the southeast of Mexico City. The subjects were included in the study if they presented signs of atopy or infection of the superior air channels. Pollen allergics, rhinosinusitis, smokers relatives and patients who own pets were excluded. In this population group, the participation of the virus were RSV, influenza B and parainfluenza.
Asunto(s)
Asma/etiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/complicaciones , Virosis/complicaciones , Adolescente , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Asma/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Pruebas de Fijación del Complemento , Citocinas/fisiología , Eicosanoides/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Virus de la Influenza B/inmunología , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Virus de la Parainfluenza 1 Humana/inmunología , Virus Sincitiales Respiratorios/inmunología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/virología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Población Urbana , Virosis/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
This article review the effects of neuropeptides in the pathogenesis of Asthma. It is a review of literature and show most important neuropeptides, physical and chemical characteristics effects and some clinical studies about them.