RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Studies showed the protective role of Salvia in traditional medicine against neurodegenerative diseases. Salvia macilenta is one of the potent antioxidant herbs among Salvia species against oxidative stress. In the current study, the effect of oral administration of S. macilenta in the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities of Aß-injected male albino Wistar rats was determined. METHODS: Rats were received S. macilenta (50 mg/kg/day) orally, for ten successive days and then some of them received Aß (10 ng/µl) in their hippocampus (CA1 region). Proteins involved in antioxidant defense system and inflammatory signaling pathways in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were evaluated using Western blotting technique. To study apoptosis, Western blotting technique and histological staining were used. Catalase activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH) and nitric oxide levels were measured. RESULTS: Results demonstrated that S. macilenta increased Nrf2 protein level and decreased TNFα and IL-6 protein level in Aß-injected rats compared to the Aß-injected group in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Histological analysis showed pretreatment with S. macilenta decreased apoptosis levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, about 41 and 42%, compared to Aß-injected rats, respectively. This study showed that catalase activity was changed in the S. macilenta + Aß group compared to the Aß-injected rats. Also, GSH level was increased in the S. macilenta + Aß group compared to the Aß-injected rat. CONCLUSION: Orally treatment of S. macilenta extract in Aß-injected rats could ameliorate protective pathways and, so, it can be one of the proposed dietary supplements for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
Asunto(s)
Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Salvia/metabolismo , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/efectos adversos , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/farmacología , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Inflamación/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Masculino , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Following many decades of work on the taxonomy, biology and ecology of the globally-distributed tropical earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus (Müller, 1857), morphological and molecular data have shown that the stability and effectiveness of nomenclature depends on the designation of a neotype from the type locality. We do that, with all the required justifications, and provide sufficient information to permit the correct identification of this species.
Asunto(s)
Oligoquetos , Animales , EcologíaRESUMEN
Pontoscolex corethrurus (Müller, 1857) plays an important role in tropical soil ecosystems and has been widely used as an animal model for a large variety of ecological studies in particular due to its common presence and generally high abundance in human-disturbed tropical soils. In this study we describe the complete mitochondrial genome of the peregrine earthworm P. corethrurus. This is the first record of a mitochondrial genome within the Rhinodrilidae family. Its mitochondrial genome is 14 835 bp in length containing 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes (PCG) 2 rRNA genes and 22 tRNA genes). It has the same gene content and structure as in other sequenced earthworms but unusual among invertebrates it hasseveral overlapping open reading frames. All genes are encoded on the same strand. Most of the PCGs use ATG as the start codon except for ND3 which uses GTG as the start codon. The A+T content of the mitochondrial genome is 59.9% (31.8% A 28.1% T 14.6% G and 25.6% for C). The annotated genome sequence has been deposited in GenBank under the accession number KT988053.