RESUMEN

These days, the most serious threats to the global economy, society, and humans are climate change and global warming, mainly rooted in the sharp increase of economic activities and their concomitant greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aims to investigate how economic complexity and various sectors of the economy affect environmental and economic development. This study employs a modified IPAT and STIRPAT model to investigate the relationship of environmental pollution and economic development with economic complexity, economic structure, and technology in 21 MENA and 34 OECD countries between 1971-2017. Our findings show that economic complexity and industrialization positively affect economic growth in both groups of countries. However, economic complexity and industrialization affect environmental pollution in MENA and developing countries positively but in OECD and developed countries negatively. This relationship accepts the Environmental Kuznets Hypothesis for the nexus of economic complexity and environmental pollution. According to the findings, policymakers in developing countries should increase environmental considerations in their development planning. Also, developed countries should assist developing countries in their endeavors to decrease environmental contamination by supplying technology transfer and financial aid.

Asunto(s)

Dióxido de Carbono , Desarrollo Económico , Humanos , Países Desarrollados , Dióxido de Carbono/análisis , Contaminación Ambiental/análisis , Tecnología

RESUMEN

This study examines the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis by estimating the relationship between economic structure and economic complexity with the environmental pollution in OECD countries during 1971-2016. In that respect, this research investigates how various economic sectors affect environmental pollution differently. The results confirm the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, which implies the influential role of economic structure and complexity in socio-economic developmental phases. In addition, the results show that most of the OECD countries are on the left side of the curve, implying positive connection between economic complexity and CO2 emissions. In contrast, only 3 OECD countries (Japan, Switzerland, and Germany) are close to the turning point, indicating that their patterns are sustainable for socio-economic development. The sectoral economic results affirm the most pollutant structure of the service sector, compared with the other economic sectors. Hence, new projects should attach great attention to their environmental impacts, specifically in the service sector planning. Regarding the complexity analysis, policymakers are advised to embrace knowledge-intensive restructuring of economic sectors.

Asunto(s)

Dióxido de Carbono , Contaminantes Ambientales , Dióxido de Carbono/análisis , Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico , Desarrollo Económico , Contaminación Ambiental/análisis

RESUMEN

The three sustainability pillars of social, environment and economy were initially introduced by the United Nations in 2002, addressing major global sustainability issues including economic problems, income inequality, environmental pollution and social shortcomings. Comparing East Asia & Pacific with North America, there is a growing concern over economic, political and even social competition as a result of recent development and industrialization that is taking place in Asian countries. This might lead to an unhealthy conflict that favors regional independency as opposed to the current globalization and trade facilitation trend. As a result, this study aims to assess the effects of development in three main pillars of sustainability (social, environment and economy) in the East Asia and Pacific on that of North America and vice versa. To estimate this interactive or spillover effects of sustainable development (or sustainability elasticities), our research employs Econometric methodologies including Simultaneous Equations System, Vector AutoRegressive (VAR) and Granger Causality approaches during 1971-2016. The results show that most of the sustainability elasticities are positive between and inside the two regions, supporting the synergetic character of the sustainability spillover effects and confirming constructive role of globalization and openness in the sustainability progress. Based on the results, this research suggests policy-makers to follow cooperative and flow-based governance rather than the placed-based or regional independent thinking that supports integrated sustainable development benefiting not only the two parties but also the overall global sustainability.