RESUMEN
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disorder resulting from chronic autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic ß-cells, lack of insulin production and hyperglycaemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that streptozotocin-diabetic mice treated with Saccharomyces boulardii THT 500101 strain present improvement of glucose and triglycerides metabolism, reduction of liver inflammation concomitant with a beneficial impact in the gut microbiota profile. C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned into three groups: Control, Diabetes, Diabetes+Probiotic, and were euthanised 8 weeks after probiotic chronic administration. Mice submitted to treatment presented reduced glycemia in comparison with the diabetic group, which was correlated with an increase in C-peptide level and in hepatic glycogen content. Fat metabolism was significantly altered in streptozotocin-induced diabetic group, and S. boulardii treatment regulated it, leading to a decrease in serum triglycerides secretion, increase in hepatic triglycerides storage and modulation of inflammatory profile. The phenotypic changes seen from chronic S. boulardii treatment were found to be broadly associated with the changes in microbioma of diabetic animals, with increased proportion in Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Deferribacteres, and a decreased proportion of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia phylum. Thus, the data presented here show up a novel potential therapeutic role of S. boulardii for the treatment and attenuation of diabetes-induced complications.
Asunto(s)
Complicaciones de la Diabetes/prevención & control , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/inducido químicamente , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Probióticos/farmacología , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Saccharomyces boulardii/fisiología , Estreptozocina/toxicidad , Animales , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/metabolismo , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/patología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patología , Dislipidemias/prevención & control , Hiperglucemia/prevención & control , Inflamación , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Triglicéridos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Human milk is an important source of microorganisms for infant gut colonisation. Although the maternal antibiotic prophylaxis is an important strategy to prevent maternal/neonatal sepsis, it has to be investigated how it may affect the human milk microbiota, especially the genus Bifidobacterium, which has been associated to health benefits. Here, we investigated the impact of the maternal antibiotic prophylaxis on the human milk Bifidobacterium spp. and total bacteria counts, in the first week (short-term) and first month (medium-term) after delivery. Human milk samples were collected from 55 healthy lactating women recruited from the University Hospital of the University of São Paulo at days 7±3 and 30±4 after vaginal delivery. Twenty one volunteers had received maternal antibiotic prophylaxis (MAP group) and 34 had not received MAP (no-MAP group) during or after labour. Total DNA was isolated from milk samples, and the bacterial counts were estimated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). We found lower levels of Bifidobacterium in the MAP group in the first week after delivery (median = 2.1 vs 2.4 log of equivalent cells/ml of human milk, for MAP and no-MAP groups, respectively; P=0.01), although there were no statistical differences in total bacteria count. However, no differences were found in Bifidobacterium counts between the groups at day 30±4 (median = 2.5 vs 2.2 log of equivalent cells/ml of human milk, for MAP and no-MAP groups, respectively; P=0.50). Our results suggest that MAP has a significant impact on Bifidobacterium counts in human milk, reducing this population in the first week after delivery. However, throughout the first month after delivery, the Bifidobacterium counts tend to recover, reaching similar counts to those found in no-MAP group at day 30±4 after delivery.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Profilaxis Antibiótica/métodos , Carga Bacteriana , Bifidobacterium/efectos de los fármacos , Bifidobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Leche Humana/microbiología , Periodo Posparto , Adolescente , Adulto , Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Profilaxis Antibiótica/efectos adversos , Brasil , Femenino , Voluntarios Sanos , Hospitales Universitarios , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Embarazo , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Archaea present distinct features from bacteria and eukaryotes, and thus constitute one of the branches of the phylogenetic tree of life. Members of this domain colonize distinct niches in the human body, arranged in complex communities, especially in the intestines and the oral cavity. The diversity of archaea within these niches is limited to a few phylotypes, constituted in particular by methane-producing archaeal organisms. Although they are possibly symbionts, methanogens may play a role in the establishment of mucosal diseases by favouring the growth of certain bacterial groups.
Asunto(s)
Archaea/crecimiento & desarrollo , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Mucosa Bucal/microbiología , Archaea/aislamiento & purificación , HumanosRESUMEN
This study estimates the influence of age on outcomes (mainly survival) of 21,516 patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) between 1980 and 1996. We prospectively analyzed the patients in 5 age groups: <50, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and > or =80 years old. During the in-hospital period after PTCA, mortality increased from 0.28% in patients aged <50 to 3.45% in patients aged > or =80; Q-wave myocardial infarction was not significantly associated with age, and the 2 older groups were referred less often to coronary artery bypass graft surgery. During follow-up, lasting up to 10 years, the hazard of death was significantly influenced by age; Q-wave myocardial infarction was influenced by age, although the magnitude of the effect was relatively small and of questionable clinical significance; and coronary artery bypass graft surgery was performed less often in the 2 older age groups. Additional PTCA was similarly performed among the age groups. Age, diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, heart failure class, angioplasty in graft vessel, number of coronary vessels narrowed, and previous myocardial infarction were predictors of death over the 10-year follow-up. Age was the most important correlate of death after PTCA, with a 65% increase in the hazard of death for each 10-year increase in age. Age has an independent effect on early and late survival after PTCA.
Asunto(s)
Angioplastia Coronaria con Balón , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/terapia , Distribución por Edad , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Puente de Arteria Coronaria , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/complicaciones , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/mortalidad , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) express a plasmid-encoded type IV pilus termed bundle-forming pilus, which is associated with the formation of bacterial microcolonies on cultured epithelial cells. Bacterial attachment and effacement of the enterocyte brush border membrane is attributed to a surface outer membrane protein adhesin termed intimin and EPEC-secreted proteins EspA, EspB, and EspD. Except for intimin, production in vivo or antibody response against these virulence determinants during natural EPEC infections in young children has not been demonstrated. Antibody responses against BfpA, intimin, EspA, and EspB were investigated in Brazilian children naturally infected with EPEC. Generally, IgG antibodies against BfpA and EspB were the most commonly found, followed by anti-EspA and intimin antibodies. Thus, bundle-forming pilus and locus of enterocyte attachment-encoded products are produced in vivo during natural EPEC infections and elicit an immune response against heterologous EPEC virulence determinants. These findings have important implications in the immunoprophylaxis against EPEC infections.
Asunto(s)
Adhesinas Bacterianas , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/biosíntesis , Proteínas Portadoras , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/inmunología , Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli/inmunología , Escherichia coli/patogenicidad , Proteínas Fimbrias , Fimbrias Bacterianas/inmunología , Antígenos Bacterianos/genética , Adhesión Bacteriana/genética , Adhesión Bacteriana/inmunología , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/inmunología , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/inmunología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Preescolar , Diarrea/inmunología , Diarrea/microbiología , Diarrea/prevención & control , Células Epiteliales/microbiología , Escherichia coli/genética , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/prevención & control , Fimbrias Bacterianas/genética , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/biosíntesis , Lactante , Intestinos/microbiología , Virulencia/genética , Virulencia/inmunologíaRESUMEN
OBJETIVO - Avaliar aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e terapêuticos de idosos com doenças cardiovasculares (DCV), no Brasil. MÉTODOS - Idosos com DCV, atendidos em 36 serviços de Cardiologia e Geriatria do Brasil, foram investigados através de questionário aplicado aos que tinham consulta marcada para o período analisado (um mês). RESULTADOS - Estudados 2196 idosos de 65 a 96 anos, sendo 60 'por cento' mulheres e analisados od fatores de risco: sedentarismo (74 'por cento'), pressão arterial (PA) elevada (53 'por cento'), LDL colesterol aumentado (33 'por cento'), colesterol total aumentado (30 'por cento'), obesidade (30 'por cento'), HDL -colesterol diminuído (15 'por cento'), diabetes (13 'por cerno') e tabagismo (6 'por cento'). Observou-se maior prevalência nas mulheres, com três ou mais fatores de risco. O principal motivo de consulta foi a PA elevada (48 'por cento'). Teste ergométrico e cinecoronariografia, foram mais solicitados para os homens. Os diagnósticos mais comuns foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) (67 'por cento') e insuficiência coronária (iCo) (29 'por cento'). Os medicamentos mais utilizados foram diuréticos (42 'por cento'). CONCLUSÄO - Foi observada alta prevalência de fatores de risco (93 'por cento'), principalmente nas mulheres; sedentarismo, como fator de risco mais freqüente, aumentando de prevalência com a idade; HAS, como principal motivo de consulta e diagnóstico; menor investigação e diagnóstico de iCo em mulheres; diuréticos, como os fármaco mais freqüentemente prescritos; insuficiência cardíaca como principal doença associada a internação (31 'por cento') e atendimento de emergência (10 'por cento').
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Instituciones Cardiológicas/clasificación , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Índice de Masa Corporal , Geriatría , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of elderly patients with cardiovascular disease in Brazil. METHODS: Elderly patients with cardiovascular disease treated in 36 centers of cardiology and geriatrics were investigated through a questionnaire applied to those who had an appointment during the analyzed period. RESULTS: 2196 elderly patients ranging from 65 to 96 years of age were analyzed, 60% of which were females. The main risk factors were: sedentarism (74%); high blood pressure (53%), high LDL-cholesterol (33%), high total cholesterol (30%), obesity (30%), low HDL-cholesterol (15%), diabetes (13%) and smoking (6%). A higher prevalence of females existed among those with > or = 3 risk factors. The main reason for the medical appointment was high blood pressure (48%). Stress test and coronariography were requested more often in males. The most common diagnoses were hypertension (67%), and coronary disease (29%). The most often used medications were diuretics (42%). CONCLUSION: There was high prevalence of risk factors (93%), mainly in females; sedentarism was the most common risk factor and prevalence increased with age; hypertension was the most common reason for a medical appointment. Diuretics were the most used drugs; congestive heart failure was the main disease associated to hospitalization (31%) and emergencies (10%).