RESUMEN
Background: Allergy to cow's milk proteins has often been associated with dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa caused by chronic inflammation in infants. This study evaluated the protective effect of taurine on intestinal damage induced by beta-lactoglobulin (Beta-Lg) in Balb/c mice used as an animal model of allergy to cow's milk proteins. Methods: Balb/c mice were treated with taurine administered orally by gavage (3 mmol/kg/day) or intraperitoneally (100 mg/kg/day) for two weeks, then sensitized intraperitoneally with Beta-Lg. The electrophysiological parameters: active ion transport of chloride (Short-circuit current: Isc) and the passive ion permeability (Conductance: G) were measured ex vivo in Ussing chamber by intestine challenge with Beta-Lg. Histological study was used to assess gut inflammation. Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured. Serum IgG and IgE anti-Beta-Lg were determined by ELISA. Results: Compared with sensitized mice, Beta-Lg challenge of intestinal epithelium of taurine-pre-treated mice in Ussing chamber did not influence the intensity of Isc, nor produce any changes in the G, reflecting a reduction in the secretory response and epithelial permeability. Histological and morphometric analysis showed that taurine reduced the intestinal damage and limited intestine retraction caused by Beta-Lg sensitization. No statistically significant difference in the serum levels of TNF-α or IL-6 was found after oral or intraperitoneal administration of taurine. Treatment with taurine significantly decreased the IgG (p < 0.001) and IgE anti Beta-Lg levels (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These results have for the first time provided evidence that pre-treatment with taurine appears to prevent intestinal damage induced by Beta-Lg
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Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Ratones , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Taurina/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Alérgenos/inmunología , Inmunidad Humoral/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunización , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Mucosa Intestinal/inmunología , Lactoglobulinas/inmunología , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Allergy to cow's milk proteins has often been associated with dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa caused by chronic inflammation in infants. This study evaluated the protective effect of taurine on intestinal damage induced by beta-lactoglobulin (ß-Lg) in Balb/c mice used as an animal model of allergy to cow's milk proteins. METHODS: Balb/c mice were treated with taurine administered orally by gavage (3mmol/kg/day) or intraperitoneally (100mg/kg/day) for two weeks, then sensitized intraperitoneally with ß-Lg. The electrophysiological parameters: active ion transport of chloride (Short-circuit current: Isc) and the passive ion permeability (Conductance: G) were measured ex vivo in Ussing chamber by intestine challenge with ß-Lg. Histological study was used to assess gut inflammation. Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured. Serum IgG and IgE anti-ß-Lg were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with sensitized mice, ß-Lg challenge of intestinal epithelium of taurine-pre-treated mice in Ussing chamber did not influence the intensity of Isc, nor produce any changes in the G, reflecting a reduction in the secretory response and epithelial permeability. Histological and morphometric analysis showed that taurine reduced the intestinal damage and limited intestine retraction caused by ß-Lg sensitization. No statistically significant difference in the serum levels of TNF-α or IL-6 was found after oral or intraperitoneal administration of taurine. Treatment with taurine significantly decreased the IgG (p<0.001) and IgE anti ß-Lg levels (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results have for the first time provided evidence that pre-treatment with taurine appears to prevent intestinal damage induced by ß-Lg.
Asunto(s)
Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Taurina/uso terapéutico , Alérgenos/inmunología , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunidad Humoral/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunización , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Mucosa Intestinal/inmunología , Lactoglobulinas/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangreRESUMEN
We report 6 cases of bacteremia due to Tsukamurella species, all of which were in immunosuppressed patients with indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs). Fewer than 20 cases of serious illness due to these gram-positive bacilli have been reported in the medical literature; these cases have mostly been ascribed to the species Tsukamurella paurometabola. Tsukamurella species are frequently misidentified as Rhodococcus or Corynebacterium species. We used high-performance liquid chromatography to identify these organisms to the genus level and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and DNA-DNA dot blots for species identification. Three of our isolates were identified as Tsukamurella pulmonis, 1 was identified as Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvans, and 1 was identified as a unique species. One isolate was not maintained long enough for species identification. All patients were successfully treated with antimicrobial therapy and CVC removal. Infection with this organism should be considered in the immunosuppressed patient with an indwelling CVC and gram-positive bacilli in the blood.
Asunto(s)
Actinomycetales/aislamiento & purificación , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efectos adversos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/microbiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The results of balloon coronary angioplasty are very disappointing in haemodialysis patients because of the high restenosis rate. On the other hand, the use of stents in this population had not previously been assessed. This retrospective study compared 63 coronary patients on haemodialysis with a référence group of 63 paired patients with respect to gender, age, and the necessity or not of stent implantation. There was a higher frequency of hypertension (79 vs 39%) and of hypertriglyceridaema (22 vs 8%) in the haemodialysis group than in the controls. However, there was no significant difference with respect to primary success rate of angioplasty (92 and 89% respectively), nor to the development of early cardiovascular complications (4% and 1.9% respectively). After a two-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in the restenosis rate in the haemodialysis patients (33%) compared with the controls (25%). Nevertheless, the mortality rate at 2 years was higher in the dialysis group (15%) compared with the reference group (3.5%, p = 0.03). However, this mortality rate was lower than that reported in the literature in haemodialysis patients after balloon angioplasty. Therefore, haemodialysis does not increase the risk of restenosis when an optimal angiographic results is obtained either by balloon angioplasty or by angioplasty with stenting. Coronary angioplasty is a safe and effective method of revascularisation in coronary haemodialysis patients when the lesions are accessible to stenting.
Asunto(s)
Angioplastia de Balón , Enfermedad Coronaria/cirugía , Diálisis Renal , Anciano , Angioplastia de Balón/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión , Hipertrigliceridemia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Recurrencia , Diálisis Renal/mortalidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Stents , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Angioplastia Coronaria con Balón , Enfermedad Coronaria/terapia , Diálisis Renal , Stents , Adulto , Anciano , Comorbilidad , Enfermedad Coronaria/mortalidad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/mortalidad , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia , Factores de Riesgo , Tasa de Supervivencia , Insuficiencia del TratamientoRESUMEN
We investigated the frequency, site, and risk factors for herpes simplex virus (HSV) shedding in 30 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative HSV type 2 (HSV-2)-seropositive men who have sex with men. Subjects collected daily HSV culture samples from genital, perianal, and oral areas for 100 days and maintained diaries of signs and symptoms. Sixteen men (53.3%) shed HSV-2, and 9 (56.3%) of 16 men who were also HSV type 1 (HSV-1)-seropositive shed HSV-1. Overall, HSV-2 was isolated on 3.1% of the days; 68% of the isolations were on days that lesions did not occur. HSV-2 shedding was predominantly perianal (83.3%). HSV-1 was isolated on 2.1% of the days; 23 of 24 HSV-1 isolates were from oral areas. Rates of perianal or genital shedding were 6.6% on the days that participants reported prodromal symptoms and 1.9% on the days that participants did not report prodromal symptoms (P<.001). Men seropositive for both HSV-1 and HSV-2 were significantly more likely to shed HSV-2 (odds ratio, 4.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-11.9) than were HSV-2-seropositive men. HSV-2-seropositive men who have sex with men have frequent subclinical HSV-2 shedding, usually from the perianal area, and more frequent prodromal HSV-2 shedding.
Asunto(s)
Seropositividad para VIH/transmisión , Herpes Genital/transmisión , Herpes Simple/epidemiología , Herpesvirus Humano 1/aislamiento & purificación , Herpesvirus Humano 2/aislamiento & purificación , Homosexualidad Masculina/estadística & datos numéricos , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/estadística & datos numéricos , Esparcimiento de Virus , Adulto , Intervalos de Confianza , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades/epidemiología , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades/virología , Seronegatividad para VIH , Seropositividad para VIH/epidemiología , Seropositividad para VIH/virología , Herpes Genital/epidemiología , Herpes Genital/virología , Herpes Simple/transmisión , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Oportunidad Relativa , Prevalencia , Recurrencia , Factores de Riesgo , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Methods of HIV and STD prevention, which can be controlled by the receptive partner, are a high priority for research and development. Studies on the safety of Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on the vaginal mucosa have yielded conflicting results. No Phase I study has evaluated the effect of N-9 on the rectal mucosa. GOALS: To assess the safety of 52.5 mg of N-9 in a 1.5-g gel when applied one to four applicators per day to the rectum and penis. STUDY DESIGN: The study included 25 HIV-negative and 10 HIV-positive, monogamous gay male couples in which each partner was exclusively insertive or receptive while using N-9 gel. Each participant served as his own control during placebo gel use compared to during N-9 gel use. Receptive partners underwent anoscopic examination after 1 week of placebo use and after 2, 5, and 6 weeks of N-9 gel use, with rectal biopsies obtained after 1 week of placebo use and after 5 and 6 weeks of N-9 gel use. Insertive partners had safety monitoring after 1 week of placebo use and after 2, 5, and 6 weeks of N-9. RESULTS: No rectal ulcers were detected; superficial rectal erosions were noted in two HIV-negative participants. Abnormal or slightly abnormal histologic abnormalities of rectal biopsies were detected in 31 (89%) receptive participants after N-9 gel use compared to 24 (69%) participants after 1 week of placebo gel use. Meatal ulceration, not caused by herpes simplex virus, was detected in one HIV-negative participant. CONCLUSION: Low-dose N-9 gel was not associated with macroscopic rectal and penile epithelial disruption or inflammation, but histologic abnormalities were commonly observed during N-9 gel as well as during placebo gel use.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Nonoxinol/farmacología , Pene/efectos de los fármacos , Recto/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/prevención & control , Adulto , Antiinfecciosos/efectos adversos , Epitelio/efectos de los fármacos , Homosexualidad Masculina , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nonoxinol/efectos adversos , Pene/citologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Potential rectal microbicides, as an adjunct to condoms for HIV/STD prevention, have not been studied previously. GOAL OF THIS STUDY: Advantage 24 (1.5 ml of a bioadhesive gel containing 52.5 mg nonoxynol-9 administered by single-use applicator)-under investigation as a vaginal microbicide-was evaluated for acceptability among male couples. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-five HIV-negative and 10 HIV-positive male couples participated in a frequency use escalation trial. Diaries and self-administered questionnaires assessed product use, acceptability, sexual behavior, and gastrointestinal and urologic side effects. RESULTS: Excluding participants who felt no need for an HIV prevention method, 58% said they would use Advantage 24 if approved for rectal use; 69% of receptive users reported rectal fullness and related side effects after insertion of the gel, and 68% reported applicator-related discomfort; 59% of insertive participants found the gel too sticky. CONCLUSIONS: Acceptability remains inconclusive and warrants further study of redesigned applicators and ways to minimize rectal side effects.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/administración & dosificación , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Nonoxinol/administración & dosificación , Recto , Adulto , Antiinfecciosos/efectos adversos , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Homosexualidad Masculina , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nonoxinol/efectos adversos , Nonoxinol/uso terapéutico , Cooperación del Paciente , Conducta Sexual , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and incidence of and risk factors for STD, including HIV-1, among a cohort of HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM). SETTING: Seattle, Washington, United States. PARTICIPANTS: Prospective cohort of 578 HIV-negative MSM in which risk factors for acquiring a STD over 12 months follow-up were evaluated using a cumulative incidence analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline tests obtained were: herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) Western blots, hepatitis B, and syphilis serologies; anorectal and pharyngeal Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) cultures; first-catch urine for leukocyte esterase (LE) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) ligase chain reaction (LCR). Men with a positive urine LE had urethral GC cultures obtained. The following outcomes were measured over 12 months follow-up: incident symptomatic bacterial STD (urethritis, proctitis, epididymitis), HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroconversion, and HIV-1 seroconversion. The 31 incident cases of STD (men with bacterial STD) were compared with those 489 men without symptomatic bacterial STD or seroconversion to HSV-1, HSV-2 or HIV-1 infection. RESULTS: Bacterial STD were found in nine participants at enrollment; there were two cases of nonchlamydial urethritis, two cases of nonchlamydial epididymitis, and five cases of asymptomatic GC infection. At enrollment, HSV-2 antibodies were detected in 149 (26.0%) of 572 men and prior hepatitis B infection in 145 (34.8%) of 417 unvaccinated men. During the 1-year of follow-up, 31 men (5.7/100 person-years) had 34 episodes of a symptomatic bacterial STD syndrome (urethritis, epididymitis or proctitis). Urethritis was the most common STD syndrome, detected in 29 men, of whom 10 had GC and 19 had nongonococcal urethritis. In the 1-year of follow-up, five participants seroconverted to HIV-1 (1.3/100 person-years), four to HSV-2 (1.0/100 person-years), and seven to HSV-1 (4.3/100 person-years). Unprotected insertive anal sex [odds ratio (OR) 2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-5.6]; and nitrite inhalant ('poppers') use (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0-5.0) were independently associated with incident STD. CONCLUSIONS: STD and HIV infection continue to be acquired even in a city with an overall low bacterial STD prevalence and among educated MSM receiving regular HIV screening and risk-reduction. Urethritis was the most common STD detected, and public health messages aimed at MSM need to emphasize safe insertive as well as receptive sexual practices.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Seronegatividad para VIH , Homosexualidad Masculina , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Prevalencia , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Parejas Sexuales , Washingtón/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The frequency and anatomic location of subclinical and symptomatic herpes simplex virus (HSV) shedding were evaluated among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative HSV-2-seropositive men who have sex with men (MSM). Eight men attended a research clinic daily for 30 days for a detailed genital examination and anoscopy with colposcopy to detect herpes lesions. HSV cultures were obtained daily from four sites (perianal, urethral, penile shaft, and oral) at home and the research clinic. Signs and symptoms of genital herpes were recorded by the participants and clinician. Three (37.5%) of the men shed HSV. Overall, the 8 men shed HSV on 5.5% of days cultures were obtained and shed subclinically on 2.7% of days. All HSV shedding was perianal or rectal; only 1 symptomatic recurrence, concurrent with an external perianal lesion, was detected by anoscopy. Subclinical HSV shedding was frequent among HIV-negative MSM, and anoscopy with colposcopy did not increase the detection rate of rectal HSV lesions or shedding.
Asunto(s)
Seronegatividad para VIH , Herpes Genital/virología , Homosexualidad Masculina , Esparcimiento de Virus , Adulto , Canal Anal/virología , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Herpes Genital/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
To determine the association between trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and risk of bacterial infections in persons with AIDS, we abstracted hospital records from 6496 adult admissions to 42 hospitals in western Washington state. Of these admissions, 570 involved 637 bacterial infections diagnosed among patients who had been prescribed prophylactic TMP-SMX or aerosolized pentamidine. Cases [admissions with bacteraemia, bacterial pneumonia, acute or chronic sinusitis, or urinary tract infection (UTI)] were compared to controls (admissions not associated with any of the 5 bacterial infections). After adjusting for CD4 lymphocyte count and presence of P. carinii pneumonia, TMP-SMX prophylaxis, relative to aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis, was associated with a reduced risk of bacteraemia (adjusted OR = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2-1.0; P = 0.04), bacterial pneumonia (adjusted OR = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.8; P = 0.01), acute sinusitis (adjusted OR = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2-1.3; P = 0.2), chronic sinusitis (adjusted OR = 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.7; P = 0.01), and UTI (adjusted OR = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2-1.2; P = 0.1), and all 5 bacterial infections combined (adjusted OR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5-0.8; P < 0.001).
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/prevención & control , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Bacterianas/tratamiento farmacológico , Pentamidina/uso terapéutico , Combinación Trimetoprim y Sulfametoxazol/uso terapéutico , Administración por Inhalación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Infecciones Bacterianas/complicaciones , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pentamidina/administración & dosificación , Sistema de Registros , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe self-reported types of sexual identity of men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Dominican Republic, assess sociodemographics and behavioral characteristics, and measure the prevalence of HIV-1 and syphilis. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of MSM recruited from a variety of community settings. METHODS: A total of 354 men agreed to participate after giving verbal informed consent. Information was obtained using a standardized questionnaire assessing demographics and AIDS-relevant information. Blood was obtained for HIV and syphilis testing. RESULTS: Five main sexual identity groups emerged: cross dressers, homosexuals, gigolos, bisexuals and heterosexuals. Receptive anal and oral intercourse were commonly reported by men self-identifying as cross dressers or homosexuals, whereas nearly all of the remaining three groups practiced only insertive intercourse. Sexual contact with women was also commonly reported; overall, consistent condom use was infrequent. HIV antibodies were detected in 11.0% and serologic evidence of syphilis was found in 7.3%. Factors independently associated with HIV infection included serologic evidence of syphilis, having visited at least one of four local brothels in 1975-1985, and having had receptive anal intercourse with four or more partners in the last 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Syphilis, sexual practices and social context of sex (commercial sex), rather than sexual identity per se, were associated with HIV infection. The complex social networks of MSM in this setting, the tendency to practice either insertive or receptive sex, but not both, infrequent condom use, high rates of syphilis and the frequency of sex with women need to be taken into account for targeted HIV prevention programs to be successful.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , VIH-1 , Homosexualidad Masculina , Conducta Sexual/clasificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , República Dominicana/epidemiología , Femenino , Anticuerpos Anti-VIH/sangre , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Sífilis/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) was used to investigate an increase in tuberculosis (TB) among noninstitutionalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons in King County, Washington. Using the IS6110 insertion sequence, RFLP analysis was done on Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from 18 HIV-infected patients and 10 randomly selected patients without HIV risk factors. Six HIV-infected patients with the same M. tuberculosis strain had contact at one or more of three bars as their only common exposure. Two other HIV-infected persons, a patient and a health care worker who had close contact, had matching strains. Isolates from the 10 remaining HIV-infected patients and the 10 patients without HIV risk factors had different DNA patterns. Analysis of RFLP patterns revealed a community outbreak of TB among HIV-infected persons who had not been previously linked following conventional investigation by the health department. This technique deserves further evaluation as an epidemiologic tool in the investigation of TB.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA , Brotes de Enfermedades , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Adulto , Southern Blotting , Elementos Transponibles de ADN , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tuberculosis/complicaciones , Tuberculosis/transmisión , Washingtón/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Bone marrow granulocytic-macrophagal precursors (GMP) and fibroblastic precursors (FP) were measured in 235 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving polychemotherapy (PCT) in progression of the disease. A total of 408 culture investigations were conducted. PCT proved to exert different effects on hemopoiesis during the first acute ALL period and remission. In the former period the target for PCT were blast cells, the course of induction therapy increased the number of GMP, FP and early granulocytic cells. In recurrent ALL the sensitivity of GMP to PCT grew, while FP remained intact. PCT performed in remission resulted in gradual suppression of granulocytopoiesis, GMP beginning from the second remission year. The treatment discontinuation on remission year 3-5 produced enhancement of granulocytosis by all parameters.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Hematopoyesis/efectos de los fármacos , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/sangre , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Asparaginasa/administración & dosificación , Asparaginasa/efectos adversos , Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Médula Ósea/patología , Niño , Preescolar , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Ciclofosfamida/efectos adversos , Citarabina/administración & dosificación , Citarabina/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Mercaptopurina/administración & dosificación , Mercaptopurina/efectos adversos , Metotrexato/administración & dosificación , Metotrexato/efectos adversos , Prednisolona/administración & dosificación , Prednisolona/efectos adversos , Inducción de Remisión , Factores de Tiempo , Vincristina/administración & dosificación , Vincristina/efectos adversosRESUMEN
A survey of persons soliciting sex in an area known to be frequented by prostitutes in Albuquerque, NM, included 43 females and 66 males. Seroprevalence rates found in this population-based study were as follows: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), 3%; hepatitis B, 39%; hepatitis C, 45%. Increased age, intravenous drug use, and condom use were independent risk factors for hepatitis B. Female gender and intravenous drug use were independent risk factors for hepatitis C. Neither sharing injection equipment nor engaging in receptive anal intercourse was independently associated with hepatitis B or C.
Asunto(s)
Seroprevalencia de VIH , VIH-1 , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Trabajo Sexual , Adulto , Femenino , Hepatitis B/etnología , Hepatitis C/etnología , Humanos , Masculino , New Mexico/epidemiología , Oportunidad Relativa , Factores de Riesgo , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Many health care providers practicing near the border between the United States and Mexico have serious concerns about their patients' using medications obtained in Mexico. Despite these concerns, the extent of this problem is not known. A survey administered in a publicly funded rural clinic and an urban private practice in southern New Mexico assessed this problem. The survey revealed that 87% of the rural clinic patients and 6% of the urban private practice patients had purchased medications in Mexico within the past two months. Further, 91% of the clinic patients and 56% of the private practice patients stated that they had, at some time, used medications from Mexico. Although many of these medications are fairly innocuous, their easy accessibility and lack of regulation can lead to serious health hazards.