Asunto(s)
Terapia Familiar , Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia en Hospital , Aborto Inducido , Intervención en la Crisis (Psiquiatría) , Femenino , Humanos , Trabajo de Parto , Masculino , Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia en Hospital/normas , Embarazo , Educación Sexual , Suecia , Recursos HumanosAsunto(s)
Conducta Anticonceptiva , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Adulto , Coito Interrumpido , Condones/estadística & datos numéricos , Anticonceptivos Orales/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Dispositivos Intrauterinos/estadística & datos numéricos , Pesarios/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta Sexual , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , SueciaRESUMEN
PIP: During 1986 and 1991, two large questionnaire studies were carried out concerning the attitudes and knowledge about contraceptives, the start of sexual activity, and the avoidance of unwanted pregnancy among 500 secondary school students in Ostersund and the county of Jamtland, Sweden. Among those who had had their first intercourse, the average age of first intercourse increased from 15 years and 4 months to 16 years and 2 months for girls. For boys the age of first intercourse was 16 years and 3 months in 1986 vs. 17 years in 1991. In Ostersund itself this age was 18 years for boys, while for those growing up in the countryside outside of Ostersund, this age stayed the same at 16 years. In 1991, girls tended to be less protected during first intercourse: only 54% used the condom or oral contraceptives (OCs) vs. 64% in 1986. In contrast, 75% of boys used either the condom or their partner relied on OCs during the first intercourse. The opposition to OCs was indicated by the fact that earlier 85% of those in longer relationships ( 6 months) used OCs compared with only 70% in 1991. A large percentage of both girls and boys also admitted in 1991 that they had had intercourse without any protection compared with 1986. Neither in 1986 nor in 1991 did any teenage girls use IUDs. When asked about their reaction to an unplanned pregnancy, in 1991, 1 out of 4 girls thought that they would give birth vs. 1 out of 7 in 1986. The reasons for not using OCs included fear from side effects, which increased from 1 out of 4 in 1986 to 1 out of 3 in 1991. There was also a promising trend of a decreasing rate of chlamydia infections both in the county of Jamtland and in the country in general, presumably owing to the increased use of condoms. These findings induced the county of Jamtland in April 1992 to subsidize OCs for women under the age of 25 years.^ieng
Asunto(s)
Condones/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta Anticonceptiva , Conducta Sexual , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , SueciaAsunto(s)
Trabajo de Parto Inducido/métodos , Puntaje de Apgar , Computadores , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Oxitocina/uso terapéutico , EmbarazoRESUMEN
The total amount of noradrenaline (NA) in the male accessories increases with normal growth of the organs and also with the age of the rat. The ductus deferens of the old rat has about twice as high NA concentration as that of the young rat. Castration of the prepuberal rat or the puberal rat leads to retardation or cessation, respectively, of the increase in NA amount of the male genital tract. Only in the old rat does castration produce a definite decrease in NA amount of the tract. Castration always raises the NA concentration of the sex accessories. Testosterone treatment of the puberal rat or the old rat produces minor or no increase, respectively, in total amount of NA of the male sex accessories. Testosterone treatment of old prepuberally castrated rats produces a marked increase in NA content of the male organs. It is concluded that androgens have no substancial direct effect on the adrenergic innervation per se, but affects the transmitter levels of the male organs indirectly through changes in number, size and relative proportion of the target cells of the adrenergic nerves i.e. the smooth muscle cells.
Asunto(s)
Castración , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Testosterona/farmacología , Conducto Deferente/metabolismo , Factores de Edad , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Próstata/crecimiento & desarrollo , Próstata/metabolismo , Ratas , Vesículas Seminales/crecimiento & desarrollo , Vesículas Seminales/metabolismo , Conducto Deferente/crecimiento & desarrolloAsunto(s)
Bario/farmacología , Aminas Biogénicas/farmacología , Contracción Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Liso/efectos de los fármacos , Péptidos/farmacología , Prostaglandinas/farmacología , Conducto Deferente/efectos de los fármacos , Potenciales de Acción/efectos de los fármacos , Angiotensina II/farmacología , Animales , Estimulación Eléctrica , Cobayas , Masculino , Desnervación Muscular , Inhibición Neural/efectos de los fármacos , Nervios Espinales/efectos de los fármacos , Tetrodotoxina/farmacología , Conducto Deferente/inervaciónAsunto(s)
Fertilidad , Infertilidad Masculina , Vesículas Seminales/inervación , Espermatogénesis , Conducto Deferente/inervación , Animales , Supervivencia Celular , Desnervación , Conductos Eyaculadores/fisiología , Femenino , Fertilidad/efectos de los fármacos , Fructosa/metabolismo , Plexo Hipogástrico/fisiología , Magnesio/metabolismo , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos , Oxitocina/farmacología , Embarazo , Próstata/anatomía & histología , Próstata/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Vesículas Seminales/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Estimulación Química , Factores de Tiempo , Frotis Vaginal , Zinc/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Miocardio/metabolismo , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Esfuerzo Físico , Glándulas Suprarrenales/metabolismo , Animales , Peso Corporal , Epinefrina/metabolismo , Epinefrina/orina , Fluorometría , Corazón/anatomía & histología , Masculino , Métodos , Norepinefrina/análisis , Norepinefrina/orina , Tamaño de los Órganos , Ratas , Factores de Tiempo , TritioAsunto(s)
Conducto Deferente/inervación , Acetilcolina/farmacología , Factores de Edad , Animales , Atropina/farmacología , Estimulación Eléctrica , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Contracción Muscular , Desarrollo de Músculos , Músculo Liso/crecimiento & desarrollo , Norepinefrina/farmacología , Fenoxibenzamina/farmacología , Fentolamina/farmacología , Ratas , Receptores Adrenérgicos/efectos de los fármacos , Estimulación Química , Conducto Deferente/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
The mechanical responses of isolated fieldstimulated vasa deferentia from rats 3-10 days old were abolished by low doses of drugs blocking alpha-adrenoceptors. In preparations from older animals this effect was absent or there was a potentiation of the responses. The effect of atropine also changed during postnatal development. In the early period a moderate (10-40%) decline of the nerve-induced responses was generally observed, but later even high concentrations of atropine were without effect.