RESUMEN
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (Glyc3P), a glycolytic intermediate, non-enzymatically glycosylated (or glycated) and inhibited the pig heart cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase (cAAT). Glyc3P (5.0 mM) decreased cAAT activity by 47% after 1 min at 23 degrees C. cAAT activity remained unchanged after a 24h incubation with either glucose 6-phosphate (5.0 mM) or ribose 5-phosphate (5.0 mM). Increasing the incubation pH from 6.4 to 7.8 or the incubation temperature from 23 degrees C to 50 degrees C enhanced Glyc3P's inhibitory effect on cAAT activity. Glyc3P (250-500 microM) decreased the thermal stability of cAAT as evidenced by lowering the Tm or temperature that caused a 50% irreversible loss of cAAT activity (69 degrees C, control; 58.5 degrees C, 500 microM Glyc3P). Glyc3P decreased cAAT amino group content and increased glycation products, which were measured by adduct formation, fluorescence and protein crosslinking.
Asunto(s)
Aspartato Aminotransferasas/metabolismo , Gliceraldehído 3-Fosfato/metabolismo , Gliceraldehído 3-Fosfato/farmacología , Miocardio/enzimología , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Citosol/enzimología , Glicosilación , Calor , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia , Porcinos , TermodinámicaRESUMEN
Post-mitotic tissues, such as the heart, exhibit high concentrations (20 mM) of carnosine (beta-alanyl-l-histidine). Carnosine may have aldehyde scavenging properties. We tested this hypothesis by examining its protective effects against inhibition of enzyme activity by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (Glyc3P). Glyc3P is a potentially toxic triose; Glyc3P inhibits the cardiac aspartate aminotransferase (cAAT) by non-enzymatic glycosylation (or glycation) of the protein. cAAT requires pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PyP) for catalysis. We observed that carnosine (20 mM) completely prevents the inhibition of cAAT activity by Glyc3P (5 mM) after brief incubation (30 min at 37 degrees C). After a prolonged incubation (3.25 h) of cAAT with Glyc3P (0.5 mM) at 37 degrees C, the protection by carnosine (20 mM) persisted but PyP availability was affected. In the absence of PyP from the assay medium, cAAT activities (plus Glyc3P) were 95 +/- 18.2 micromol/min per mg protein (mean +/- SD), minus carnosine and 100 +/- 2.4, plus carnosine; control activity was 172 +/- 3.9. When PyP (1.0 microM) was included in the assay medium, cAAT activities (plus Glyc3P) were 93 +/- 14.8, minus carnosine and 151 +/- 16.8, plus carnosine, P < 0. 001; control activity was 180 +/- 17.7. These data, which showed carnosine moderating the effects of both Glyc3P and PyP, suggest that carnosine may be an endogenous aldehyde scavenger.