RESUMEN
Six glycoalkaloids and one aglycone were tested for cardiotonic activities and compared with K-strophanthoside by use of the isolated frog heart. The decreasing order of potency was as follows: K-strophanthoside greater than tomatine greater than alpha-chaconine=alpha-solanine greater than demissine=commersonine greater than beta-chaconine greater than solanidine. Cardiotonic activity was directly related to the number of sugars in the molecule in which the glycoalkaloids had a common aglycone. On the other hand, glycoalkaloids with dissimilar aglycones, but with identical sugars, such as tomatine and demissine, differed significantly with respect to cardiotonic potency. Apparently, therefore, the cardiotonic activity of glycoalkaloids on the frog heart is determined by the nature of the aglycone and the number of sugars and not by the kinds of sugars or their stereochemical configuration.
Asunto(s)
Contracción Miocárdica/efectos de los fármacos , Alcaloides Solanáceos/farmacología , Animales , Estimulación Eléctrica , Técnicas In Vitro , Rana pipiens , Estimulación Química , Estrofantinas/farmacología , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The pharmacological responses produced by alpha chaconine and tomatine on guinea pig ileum, on the isolated electrically stimulated frog ventricle, and recordings of EEG, ECG, respiration and blood pressure in the rabbit showed no essential differences from those produced by alpha solanine. The LD50 values of chaconine and solanine in the mouse and rabbit are also similar and suggest that compounds other than these are probably responsible for the predominant toxic effects of certain hybrid potatoes in man and animals. The failure of the three glycoalkaloids to produce a significant teratological effect in the chick embryo lends no support to the hypothesis that they may be the teratogens responsible for certain congenital malformations in man.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/farmacología , Solanina/análogos & derivados , Tomatina/farmacología , Anomalías Inducidas por Medicamentos/etiología , Animales , Anuros , Peso al Nacer/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Embrión de Pollo , Pollos , Electroencefalografía , Glicósidos/farmacología , Glicósidos/toxicidad , Cobayas , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Íleon/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Masculino , Ratones , Contracción Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Liso/efectos de los fármacos , Conejos , Solanina/farmacología , Solanina/toxicidad , Especificidad de la Especie , Teratógenos , Factores de Tiempo , Tomatina/toxicidadRESUMEN
Cell cultures of Syrian hamster embryo were treated for 7 days with selected chemicals. Certain cultures were morphologically transformed by three different chemical preparations and yielded cell lines that subsequently produced malignant tumors in hamsters. Although the cell lines were negative for infectious virus before inoculation into animals, hamster-specific C-type RNA virus was isolated from tumors or from cell lines derived from the tumors. Since infectious C-type viruses are usually not demonstrable in hamster tissues of normal or tumor origin, we conclude that the chemical treatment and activation of the viruses are related events.