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MAIN CONCLUSION: The Ustilaginoidea virens -rice pathosystem has been used as a model for flower-infecting fungal pathogens. The molecular biology of the interactions between U. virens and rice, with an emphasis on the attempt to get a deeper comprehension of the false smut fungus's genomes, proteome, host range, and pathogen biology, has been investigated. Meta-QTL analysis was performed to identify potential QTL hotspots for use in marker-assisted breeding. The Rice False Smut (RFS) caused by the fungus Ustilaginoidea virens currently threatens rice cultivators across the globe. RFS infects rice panicles, causing a significant reduction in grain yield. U. virens can also parasitize other hosts though they play only a minor role in its life cycle. Furthermore, because it produces mycotoxins in edible rice grains, it puts both humans and animals at risk of health problems. Although fungicides are used to control the disease, some fungicides have enabled the pathogen to develop resistance, making its management challenging. Several QTLs have been reported but stable gene(s) that confer RFS resistance have not been discovered yet. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the pathogen, its virulence mechanisms, the genome and proteome of U. virens, and its molecular interactions with rice. In addition, information has been compiled on reported resistance QTLs, facilitating the development of a consensus genetic map using meta-QTL analysis for identifying potential QTL hotspots. Finally, this review highlights current developments and trends in U. virens-rice pathosystem research while identifying opportunities for future investigations.

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Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno , Hypocreales , Oryza , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo , Oryza/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Hypocreales/patogenicidad , Hypocreales/genética , Hypocreales/fisiología , Virulencia/genética , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo/genética , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Genoma Fúngico

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Efficient telmisartan delivery for hypertension management requires the incorporation of meglumine and/or sodium hydroxide as an alkalizer in the formulation. Long-term use of powerful alkalis with formulation as part of chronic therapy can cause metabolic alkalosis, ulcers, diarrhea, and body pain. Here, we aimed to design a telmisartan formulation without alkalizers. Telmisartan properties were tailor-made by microfluidizer-based physical modification. After microfluidization, telmisartan nanosuspension was lyophilized to obtain telmisartan premix powder. The optimized telmisartan nanosuspension had an average particle size of 579.85 ± 32.14 nm. The lyophilized premix was characterized by FT-IR, DSC, and PXRD analysis to ensure its physicochemical characteristics. The solubility analysis of premix showed 2.2 times, 2.3 times, and 6 times solubility improvement in 0.1 N HCl, phosphate buffer pH 7.5, and pH 6.8 compared to pure telmisartan. A 3D in-vitro Caco-2 model was developed to compare apparent permeability of API and powder premix. It showed that the powder premix was more permeable than pure API. The tablet formulation prepared from the telmisartan premix showed a dissolution profile comparable to that of the marketed formulation. The technique present herein can be used as a platform technology for solubility and permeability improvement of similar classes of molecules.

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Tamaño de la Partícula , Permeabilidad , Solubilidad , Telmisartán , Telmisartán/administración & dosificación , Telmisartán/farmacocinética , Telmisartán/química , Humanos , Células CACO-2 , Composición de Medicamentos/métodos , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Polvos/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Nanopartículas/química , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Liberación de Fármacos , Funcion de la Barrera Intestinal

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Chromatin-sensitive Partial Wave Spectroscopic (csPWS) microscopy offers a non-invasive glimpse into the mass density distribution of cellular structures at the nanoscale, leveraging the spectroscopic information. Such capability allows us to analyze the chromatin structure and organization and the global transcriptional state of the cell nuclei for the study of its role in carcinogenesis. Accurate segmentation of the nuclei in csPWS microscopy images is an essential step in isolating them for further analysis. However, manual segmentation is error-prone, biased, time-consuming, and laborious, resulting in disrupted nuclear boundaries with partial or over-segmentation. Here, we present an innovative deep-learning-driven approach to automate the accurate nuclei segmentation of label-free live cell csPWS microscopy imaging data. Our approach, csPWS-seg, harnesses the Convolutional Neural Networks-based U-Net model with an attention mechanism to automate the accurate cell nuclei segmentation of csPWS microscopy images. We leveraged the structural, physical, and biological differences between the cytoplasm, nucleus, and nuclear periphery to construct three distinct csPWS feature images for nucleus segmentation. Using these images of HCT116 cells, csPWS-seg achieved superior performance with a median Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.80 and a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) score of 0.88. The csPWS-seg overcame the segmentation performance over the baseline U-Net model and another attention-based model, SE-U-Net, marking a significant improvement in segmentation accuracy. Further, we analyzed the performance of our proposed model with four loss functions: binary cross-entropy loss, focal loss, dice loss, and Jaccard loss. The csPWS-seg with focal loss provided the best results compared to other loss functions. The automatic and accurate nuclei segmentation offered by the csPWS-seg not only automates, accelerates, and streamlines csPWS data analysis but also enhances the reliability of subsequent chromatin analysis research, paving the way for more accurate diagnostics, treatment, and understanding of cellular mechanisms for carcinogenesis.

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Conservation Agriculture (CA) is an innovative approach that promotes sustainable farming while enhancing soil health. However, residue management challenges often hinder its adoption, causing farmers to burn crop leftovers in fields. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various furrow openers under simulated soil bin conditions. Three types of furrow openers were examined: single disk (SD), Inverted T-type furrow opener with a plain rolling coulter (ITRC), and double disc (DD) furrow opener. Tests were conducted at different forward speeds (1.5, 2, and 2.5 km h-1) and with three straw densities (1, 2, and 3 t ha-1) at a consistent working depth of 5 cm. Draft measurements were obtained using load cells connected to an Arduino-based data-logging system. Results indicated that draft requirements increased with forward speed and straw density, while straw-cutting efficiency decreased with these factors. Average draft values for SD, ITRC, and DD were 290.3 N, 420 N, and 368.5 N, respectively, and straw-cutting efficiencies were 53.62%, 59.47%, and 74.89%, respectively. The DD furrow opener showed the highest straw-cutting efficiency (81.36%) at a working speed of 1.5 km h-1 and a straw density of 1 t ha-1, demonstrating optimal performance compared to other furrow openers.

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Oceanic phytoplankton productivity, which regulates atmospheric CO2, is crucial for unraveling the complexities of the global carbon cycle. Despite its substantial contribution to the global carbon budget and its critical role in anthropogenic carbon sink, the Southern Ocean (SO) remains under-sampled due to logistical challenges. The present study attempts to elucidate the variability of water column primary production (PP) in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean (ISSO) by examining associated physicochemical parameters and physiological conditions of phytoplankton that drive this variability. The study revealed the nutrient limitation in the region north of the Subantarctic Front (SAF) and light limitation coupled with intense zooplankton grazing in the region south of the SAF. Coastal waters exhibit higher PP, characterized by the prevalence of large phytoplankton. The SAF displayed maximum productivity among the fronts, while the Polar Front 2 (PF-2) recorded the lowest. The water column PP varies from 27.01 to 960.69 mg C m-2 d-1 in the frontal region, while the coastal waters recorded productivity up to 1083.56 mg C m-2 d-1. Phytoplankton in the frontal regions indicated a stable surface abundance, except north of the Subtropical Front (STF), where the oligotrophic condition fosters the growth of picoplankton, subjected to high grazing by microzooplankton. Conversely, in the colder coastal waters, the phytoplankton experienced physiological acclimation. Model-based estimates of PP highlighted the efficacy of the Carbon-based Production Model (CbPM) in estimating net PP (NPP) in these polar waters, surpassing the Vertically Generalized Production Model (VGPM) and Eppley-VGPM. Notably, all model-based PP estimates significantly improved with in situ chlorophyll as input instead of satellite-retrieved chlorophyll. While the models performed well in the coastal water, their performance was suboptimal in the frontal region. This study advances our understanding of the intricate dynamics of phytoplankton productivity in the SO, offering valuable insights for future research endeavors.

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As facial modification technology advances rapidly, it poses a challenge to methods used to detect fake faces. The advent of deep learning and AI-based technologies has led to the creation of counterfeit photographs that are more difficult to discern apart from real ones. Existing Deep fake detection systems excel at spotting fake content with low visual quality and are easily recognized by visual artifacts. The study employed a unique active forensic strategy Compact Ensemble-based discriminators architecture using Deep Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (CED-DCGAN), for identifying real-time deep fakes in video conferencing. DCGAN focuses on video-deep fake detection on features since technologies for creating convincing fakes are improving rapidly. As a first step towards recognizing DCGAN-generated images, split real-time video images into frames containing essential elements and then use that bandwidth to train an ensemble-based discriminator as a classifier. Spectra anomalies are produced by up-sampling processes, standard procedures in GAN systems for making large amounts of fake data films. The Compact Ensemble discriminator (CED) concentrates on the most distinguishing feature between the natural and synthetic images, giving the generators a robust training signal. As empirical results on publicly available datasets show, the suggested algorithms outperform state-of-the-art methods and the proposed CED-DCGAN technique successfully detects high-fidelity deep fakes in video conferencing and generalizes well when comparing with other techniques. Python tool is used for implementing this proposed study and the accuracy obtained for proposed work is 98.23 %.

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Background and Objective: The healthcare-seeking behavior of vulnerable groups, such as children under five, depends on a multitude of factors, including the caregiver's decision making. Approximately 60% of Indians seek care from private hospitals. Recent health policy in India has favored the establishment of multispecialty hospitals. However, it remains unclear to what extent this policy has changed the number of Indians seeking healthcare from these government-established multispecialty hospitals. The study aims to assess the health-seeking behavior of parents of children under five in the vicinity of a public multispecialty tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional survey with geospatial mapping conducted among the parents of children under five using a semi-structured questionnaire in Epi-collect mobile app. The study site was an urban slum in a catchment area [within five kilometers (km)] of a multispecialty tertiary care public hospital in the central Indian state of Chhattisgarh. The study was conducted for one year duration from February 2019 to January 2020. A questionnaire was administered to the parents of the children under five (N = 353) after their household confirmation from the nearby Anganwadi center, the community level service providing center under the Integrated Child Development Scheme by the Ministry of Women and Child Development (WCD). The questionnaire included sections for demographic characteristics, the illness pattern among their children, health-seeking decision-making, and more. Descriptive analysis was presented with numbers and percentages. Univariate analysis was used to assess the association between sociodemographic variables and health-seeking characteristics. Statistical significance was considered at p value less than 0.05. We used geospatial mapping using coordinates collected and compiled using the Microsoft Excel version 2021 and analyzed using QGIS (Quantum Geographic Information System) software. Results: Among the parents interviewed patients (N = 353), maternal literacy rates were over 85%. Approximately 54% of the families were below poverty line. Among 95.2% of the families, mothers were part of decision-making regarding their children's health-seeking. Over 92% of the families opted for consultation in a nearby private hospital or dispensary. Geospatial mapping of private hospitals was a favored place for healthcare-seeking by mothers, irrespective of their socioeconomic status or education rather than multispecialty hospital. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: The majority of the parents in the vicinity of public multispecialty hospitals seek care from private clinics for ailments for children under five. The establishment of public multispecialty tertiary care hospitals, which are mandated for tertiary level of care and research, cannot replace primary-level healthcare institutions, showed that private hospitals were the favored places healthcare seeking by mothers. These primary-level institutions are critical for the management of common ailments for children under five near home and reducing the financial burden on the family, even in the vicinity of a multispecialty hospital.

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OBJECTIVES: Nocardia is an opportunistic infection among renal transplant recipients with an incidence of <1% but high mortality. Data from Pakistan are scarce. Our aim was to find the risk factors, clinical and radiographic findings, antimicrobial sensitivity, and outcomes of Nocardia infection among renal transplant recipients in Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All adult renal transplant recipients diagnosed with nocardiosis between 2013 and 2020 were included. The cases were matched 1:2 with controls based on sex, age (±1 year), and transplant date (±1 year). Risk factors, clinical features, antibiotic sensitivities and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 48 patients developed nocardiosis. Around 25% of patients presented with disseminated disease. Median time from transplant to disease development was 2.68 years. High-dose methylprednisolone and presence of cytomegalovirus infection within 90 days of disease development were independent risk factors for Nocardia infection. The mortality rate was 20%. Central nervous system disease and cytomegalovirus infection within 90 days were significantly associated with mortality. The most susceptible drugs were co-trimoxazole and linezolid. Imipenem susceptibility was only 20%. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose methylprednisolone and cytomegalovirus infection were independent risk factors for Nocardia infection. Central nervous system disease was associated with mortality. Nocardia species were highly resistant to ceftriaxone and imipenem in our patient population.

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Antibacterianos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Trasplante de Riñón , Nocardiosis , Infecciones Oportunistas , Humanos , Nocardiosis/diagnóstico , Nocardiosis/mortalidad , Nocardiosis/epidemiología , Nocardiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Nocardiosis/microbiología , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Riñón/mortalidad , Factores de Riesgo , Pakistán/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Infecciones Oportunistas/mortalidad , Infecciones Oportunistas/inmunología , Infecciones Oportunistas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Oportunistas/microbiología , Infecciones Oportunistas/epidemiología , Infecciones Oportunistas/tratamiento farmacológico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Factores de Tiempo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/mortalidad , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/epidemiología , Medición de Riesgo , Metilprednisolona/administración & dosificación , Inmunosupresores/efectos adversos

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Retailers who are part of supply chains are crucial in attracting customers to physically visit their stores and thereby increase supply chain revenue. Retailers in supply chains are responsible for handling a high volume of transactions and high customer contact, thus better management of retail operations is necessary to provide greater convenience and experience for customers. In this regard, retail operations must be properly managed, particularly during times of crisis like COVID-19, to ensure that customers purchase their basic needs promptly and safely. Since customer contact is high, the retail operations can have a greater say in improving the customer convenience and experience but this perspective has not been specifically emphasized both in research and practice. Thus, the current study attempted to evaluate how well retail operations can improve customer convenience and experience so that retailers can do well even during times of uncertainty. The study, which is grounded in the resource-based view theory, thus looks at how well retailers' competency and efficiency in running the operations help in achieving better customer convenience and experience. In this regard, sample data from 416 practitioners belonging to the Indian retail industry has been selected to examine the mediating role of retailers' efficiency to retailers' competence in achieving better customer convenience and experience. This study importantly confirms that while more competence can help retailers operate more efficiently, it cannot, by itself, provide customers with greater convenience or a better shopping experience. This study found that retailers concentrate on streamlining their operations in order to overcome capacity limits because it is expensive and limited. The empirical evidence shows that retail operations have significance say in offering better convenience and experience customers.

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For patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea and sleep-related breathing disorders, snoring is quite common, and it greatly interferes with the quality of life for them and for the people surrounding them. For diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea, snoring is used as a screening parameter, so the exact detection and classification of snoring sounds are quite important. Therefore, automated and very high precision snoring analysis and classification algorithms are required. In this work, initially the features are extracted from six different domains, such as time domain, frequency domain, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) domain, sparse domain, eigen value domain, and cepstral domain. The extracted features are then selected using three efficient feature selection techniques, such as Golden Eagle Optimization (GEO), Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), and Refined SSA. The selected features are finally classified with the help of eight traditional machine learning classifiers and two proposed classifiers, such as the Firefly Algorithm-Weighted Extreme Learning Machine hybrid with Adaboost model (FA-WELM-Adaboost) and the Capuchin Search Algorithm-Weighted Extreme Learning Machine hybrid with Adaboost model (CSA-WELM-Adaboost). The analysis is performed on the MPSSC Interspeech dataset, and the best results are obtained when the DWT features with the refined SSA feature selection technique and FA-WELM-Adaboost hybrid classifier are utilized, reporting an Unweighted Average Recall (UAR) of 74.23%. The second-best results are obtained when DWT features are selected with the GEO feature selection technique and a CSA-WELM-Adaboost hybrid classifier is utilized, reporting an UAR of 73.86%.

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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is difficult to treat breast cancer subtype due to lack or insignificant expressions of targetable estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Therefore, finding a targetable protein or signaling pathway in TNBC would impact patient care. Here, we report that a member of the Mixed Lineage Kinase (MLK) family, MLK3, is an effector of G-protein-coupled protease-activated receptors 1 (PAR1) and targeting MLK3 by a small-molecule inhibitor prevented PAR1-mediated TNBC tumorigenesis. In silico and immunohistochemistry analysis of human breast tumors showed overexpression of PAR1 and MLK3 in TNBC tumors. Treating α-thrombin and PAR1 agonist increased MLK3 and JNK activities and induced cell migration in TNBC cells. The PAR1 positive/high (PAR1+/hi) population of TNBC cells showed aggressive tumor phenotype with increased MLK3 signaling. Moreover, combined inhibition of the PAR1 and MLK3 mitigated the TNBC tumor burden in preclinical TNBC models. Our data suggests that activation of the PAR1-MLK3 axis promotes TNBC tumorigenesis. Therefore, combinatorial therapy targeting MLK3 and PAR1 could effectively reduce TNBC tumor burden.

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Quinasas Quinasa Quinasa PAM , Proteina Quinasa Quinasa Quinasa 11 Activada por Mitógeno , Receptor PAR-1 , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/genética , Humanos , Receptor PAR-1/metabolismo , Receptor PAR-1/genética , Femenino , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Quinasas Quinasa Quinasa PAM/metabolismo , Quinasas Quinasa Quinasa PAM/genética , Movimiento Celular , Transducción de Señal , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Carcinogénesis/metabolismo , Carcinogénesis/genética , Ratones , Proliferación Celular

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Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by several begomoviruses is one of the major constraints of over a dozen leguminous crops worldwide, particularly in Asian and Southeast Asian countries. The present study aimed to investigate the distribution, diversity and prevalence of begomoviruses associated with YMD in leguminous hosts in five agro-climatic zones of India, to assess the extent of their geographical presence and develop location and crop-specific distribution maps. One hundred and seventy-four leguminous plant samples were tested from 32 locations in India to detect YMD-causing viruses. Additionally, publicly available data were incorporated into this study to provide a comprehensive overview of their distribution in India. This resulted in 581 reports on the DNA-A component representing 119 locations, which were also utilized to depict the distribution of YMD-causing viruses on a map of India. In this study, 117 full-length DNA-A and 103 DNA-B components were successfully characterized, representing the detected mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV), mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV), and horsegram yellow mosaic virus in the collected samples. Phylogenetic analysis of isolates of these species showed no differentiation based on location in India. Diversity indices revealed the abundance (55.9%) and dominance (0.56) of MYMIV across 119 locations. These findings hold significant implications for legume researchers, offering insights into disease prevalence and geographic distribution. Furthermore, the distribution of YMD-causing viruses in different agro-climatic zones will help researchers in developing zone-specific YMD-resistant cultivars of the legume crops and would facilitate effective disease management options.

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We propose a traveling surface acoustic wave (TSAW)-based microfluidic method for cell lysis that enables lysis of any biological entity, without the need for additional additives. Lysis of cells in the sample solution flowing through a poly (dimethyl siloxane) microchannel is enabled by the interaction of cells with TSAWs propagated from gold interdigitated transducers (IDTs) patterned onto a LiNbO3 piezoelectric substrate, onto which the microchannel was also bonded. Numerical simulations to determine the wave propagation intensities with varying parameters including IDT design, supply voltage, and distance of the channel from the IDT were performed. Experiments were then used to validate the simulations and the best lysis parameters were used to maximize the nucleic acid/protein extraction efficiency (>95%) within few seconds. A comparative analysis of our method with traditional chemical, physical and thermal, as well as the current microfluidic methods for lysis demonstrates the superiority of our method. Our lysis strategy can hence be used independently and/or integrated with other nucleic acid-based technologies or point-of-care devices for the lysis of any pathogen (Gram positives and negatives), eukaryotic cells, and tissues at low voltage (3 V) and frequency (33.17 MHz), without the use of amplifiers.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dolutegravir has been used as a first-line anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug because of its better efficacy compared with other counterpart medicines. However, making a unanimous decision on its use during pregnancy has become difficult for stakeholders following congenital anomalies reported with its use. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to study the risk of congenital anomalies in newborns exposed to dolutegravir-based-regimens compared with those exposed to non-dolutegravir-based regimens during the antenatal period. METHODS: An extensive literature search was performed in MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov until 30 November, 2023. Studies reporting data on congenital anomalies following antenatal use of dolutegravir were included. Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and observational studies was assessed using RoB2, ROBINS-I, and ROBINS-E tools, respectively. A meta-analysis was performed in 'RevMan 5.4.1' using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by the 'Q' statistic and I2 value. A sensitivity analysis was performed for higher heterogeneity/high-risk studies. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO [CRD42023446374] a priori. RESULTS: Of 26 eligible studies, 12 (six randomized controlled trials and six observational studies with a pooled sample of 32,617) were included in a meta-analysis and 14 in a qualitative synthesis only. The meta-analysis does not show a statistically significant difference in the risk of congenital anomalies between newborns exposed antenatally to dolutegravir-based regimen(s) and those exposed to non-dolutegravir-based regimens [risk ratio 1.10; 95% confidence interval 0.79-1.53; p = 0.59]. Heterogeneity was moderate (I2 = 47%). Pooled results for randomized controlled trials and observational studies separately and the sensitivity analysis for heterogeneity provided similar results. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of congenital anomalies was not significantly different between dolutegravir-based regimens and non-dolutegravir-based-regimens in newborns exposed during their antenatal period.

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OBJECTIVES: To examine dentoalveolar changes following intrusion of maxillary incisors with one or two anterior miniscrews in subjects with gummy smile and deep bite. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-three subjects were selected and divided into two groups: group I (22 subjects: 15 women, 7 men; mean age 30 ± 10 years) received one miniscrew between the upper central incisors, and group II (21 subjects: 16 women, 5 men; mean age 30 ± 10 years) received two miniscrews between the canines and lateral incisors. Dentoalveolar parameters, including amount of intrusion, root resorption, incisor inclination, alveolar bone thickness, and buccal alveolar crest height (cementoenamel junction to labial alveolar crest), were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography scans obtained before and after intrusion. The intergroup comparison was analyzed using a paired t-test and unpaired t-test to determine significant changes within and between groups. RESULTS: The amount of intrusion was significantly greater in group II than in group I (P < .05). No statistically significant differences were found between groups I and II for changes in incisor inclination, labial bone thickness, and buccal alveolar crest height (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Maxillary central and lateral incisor intrusion was significantly greater in subjects treated with two miniscrews. Root resorption of the maxillary central incisors was notably greater in subjects with one miniscrew, while maxillary lateral incisor resorption was greater in subjects treated with two miniscrews.

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Tornillos Óseos , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico , Incisivo , Maxilar , Métodos de Anclaje en Ortodoncia , Sonrisa , Técnicas de Movimiento Dental , Humanos , Femenino , Técnicas de Movimiento Dental/métodos , Técnicas de Movimiento Dental/instrumentación , Masculino , Incisivo/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico/métodos , Métodos de Anclaje en Ortodoncia/instrumentación , Métodos de Anclaje en Ortodoncia/métodos , Proceso Alveolar/diagnóstico por imagen , Proceso Alveolar/patología , Adulto Joven , Sobremordida/terapia , Resorción Radicular/diagnóstico por imagen , Resorción Radicular/etiología

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of medicinal herbs for chronic periodontitis by examining the molecular interactions between specific herbal compounds and the heme-binding protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key pathogen involved in the disease. METHODS: The crystal structure of heme-binding protein was obtained from the Protein Data Bank. Herbal compounds were identified through an extensive literature review. Molecular docking simulations were performed to predict binding affinities, followed by Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) parameter prediction. Drug-likeness was assessed based on Lipinski's Rule of Five, and pharmacophore modeling was conducted to identify key molecular interactions. RESULTS: The molecular docking simulations revealed that chelidonine, rotenone, and myricetin exhibited significant binding affinities to the heme-binding protein, with docking scores of -6.5 kcal/mol, -6.4 kcal/mol, and -6.1 kcal/mol, respectively. These compounds formed stable interactions with key amino acid residues within the binding pocket. ADME analysis indicated that all 3 compounds had favourable pharmacokinetic properties, with no violations of Lipinski's rules and minimal predicted toxicity. Pharmacophore modeling further elucidated the interaction profiles, highlighting specific hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions critical for binding efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Chelidonine, rotenone, and myricetin emerged as promising therapeutic candidates for chronic periodontitis due to their strong binding affinities, favorable ADME profiles, and lack of significant toxicity. The detailed pharmacophore modeling provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning their inhibitory effects on the heme-binding protein of P. gingivalis. These findings suggest that these compounds have the potential for further development as effective treatments for chronic periodontitis. Future research should focus on in vitro and in vivo validation of these findings to confirm the efficacy and safety of these compounds in biological systems.

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Background and objective The prostate gland, which plays a crucial role in the male reproductive system, has a complex structure and function. Prostate enlargement, often benign but occasionally malignant, poses significant health concerns, particularly in aging populations. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serves as a vital biomarker, reflecting changes in prostate architecture and aiding diagnostic stratification. Elevated PSA levels correlate with prostate pathology and standard grading systems such as Gleason grading help guide treatment decisions. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between prostate enlargement, PSA levels, and Gleason grades, particularly within the Indian context. Materials and methods This study was conducted over one and a half years at the Department of Pathology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, and involved 100 cases of clinically enlarged prostates. Clinical data, including age, symptoms, and relevant features, were collected, and histopathological analysis was performed on biopsy specimens. Statistical analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and SPSS Statistics version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Our study identified possible links between several factors and prostate conditions. Non-vegetarian diets showed a potential association with increased adenocarcinoma prevalence (p = 0.179). Urinary symptoms like hesitancy, incomplete voiding, retention, frequency, and urgency were significantly more common in men with adenocarcinoma (p<0.05). Additionally, bone pain and abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) findings strongly correlated with adenocarcinoma (p<0.001). As expected, age showed a positive correlation with prostate weight and PSA levels (p<0.01). Interestingly, bone pain was associated with a lower likelihood of other prostate symptoms (p = 0.023). Conclusions Our findings provide key insights into the clinical factors associated with prostate pathology and highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to diagnosis in these patients, integrating clinical evaluation and histopathological assessment.

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Background The keystone design perforator island flap (KDPIF) is unique among local flaps because of its high potential for adaptation. We describe our experience with the use of the keystone flap for the reconstruction of a variety of defects in different regions of the body concerning its versatility, surgical outcomes, complications, postoperative pain, operative time, and esthetic outcomes. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted at our institute from June 2021 to June 2023 where the use of KDPIFs in resurfacing soft tissue defects of different etiopathogenesis was evaluated and the data were analyzed. Results Forty-four patients were included in the study with soft tissue defects of various etiologies and at different locations. The largest flap raised was 18 × 10 cm and the smallest was 4 × 2 cm. The average intraoperative time for completion of the procedure was 74.86 minutes (range: 45-120 minutes). The success rate of flap survivability was 95.45% with two patients having total flap loss necessitating another reconstructive option. Partial flap dehiscence which healed secondarily was observed in two patients. Postoperative pain showed a significant fall of 83.7% from baseline and 82.9% of cases were extremely satisfied with the esthetic outcome. Conclusion The keystone flap is a valuable reconstructive tool in the armamentarium of a plastic surgeon. It is technically reproducible, suitable to be done in resource-limited settings, and provides contiguous tissue with good vascularity and fewer complications.

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Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common heart rhythm disorder, may cause stroke and heart failure. For patients with persistent AF with fibrosis proliferation, the standard AF treatment-pulmonary vein isolation-has poor outcomes, necessitating redo procedures, owing to insufficient understanding of what constitutes good targets in fibrotic substrates. Here we present a prospective clinical and personalized digital twin study that characterizes the arrhythmogenic properties of persistent AF substrates and uncovers locations possessing rotor-attracting capabilities. Among these, a portion needs to be ablated to render the substrate not inducible for rotors, but the rest (37%) lose rotor-attracting capabilities when another location is ablated. Leveraging digital twin mechanistic insights, we suggest ablation targets that eliminate arrhythmia propensity with minimum lesions while also minimizing the risk of iatrogenic tachycardia and AF recurrence. Our findings provide further evidence regarding the appropriate substrate ablation targets in persistent AF, opening the door for effective strategies to mitigate patients' AF burden.

RESUMEN

Substantial gains have been achieved in the control of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the four endemic states of India; however, cases are sporadically reported from other nonendemic regions of India such as the sub-Himalayan region, which can be a hurdle to VL elimination. We analyzed VL reports published from the sub-Himalayan regions of India over seven decades (1967-2023) in this systematic review. Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for VL cases from sub-Himalayan regions of India. The demographic data, clinical presentation, diagnostic modality, treatment, outcomes of the cases, and overall year-wise and geographical distribution of the cases were analyzed; studies on the sand fly vector were also included. From 535 articles, 33 studies were included in the analysis. Overall, 228 patients were diagnosed with VL in the sub-Himalayan region of India from 1967 to 2023. These cases were reported from Uttarakhand (n = 178), Himachal Pradesh (n = 39), and Jammu and Kashmir (n = 11). Most patients (88.4%) did not have a history of travel outside their native places. Three pediatric cases were reported from Jammu and Kashmir. The DNA of Leishmania donovani was detected in four of the 52 (7.7%) sand flies collected from Himachal Pradesh. The published literature points toward the existence of local transmission of VL in the sub-Himalayan region of India, strongly substantiated by the emergence of pediatric VL in some places. Thus, these difficult-to-reach hilly states of India will require focused surveillance for VL to successfully achieve elimination goals.