RESUMEN
To investigate the effect of ammonia (NH3) and humidity on the immune response of broilers, broilers were exposed to 30 or 70 mg/kg atmospheric NH3 for 21 days. Additionally, birds were exposed to 35, 60, and 85% relative humidity (RH). The relative weights of lymphoid organs, serum total protein, serum globulin, serum albumin, serum lysozyme, proliferation index of peripheral blood lymphocytes, and splenic cytokine gene expression were determined. Exposure to 70 mg/kg NH3 decreased the relative weight of the spleen during the experimental period, serum lysozyme concentration in the first and second weeks, and serum globulin concentration in the third week. The proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes was reduced. High levels of NH3 caused increase in IL-1ß gene expression in the experimental period and IL-4 gene expression in the first week. Birds exposed to 85% RH had lower thymus and bursa of Fabricius weights in the third week and serum lysozyme concentration in the first week; IL-1ß and IL-4 expressions were higher in the second and third weeks and first and second weeks, respectively, than in birds exposed to 60% RH. IL-4 expression was lower during the first week, and IL-1ß expression was higher during the second week with 35% RH than with 60% RH. In conclusion, high NH3 level in the poultry house suppressed the immune response of broiler chickens. Neither high nor low RH benefited the immune response of broilers. Furthermore, there was an interactive effect between NH3 and RH on the immune response of broilers.
Asunto(s)
Amoníaco/metabolismo , Humedad , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-4/genética , Amoníaco/farmacología , Animales , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Pollos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Vivienda para Animales , Inmunidad/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunidad/genética , Linfocitos/citología , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Muramidasa/sangre , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Seroglobulinas/metabolismo , Bazo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bazo/metabolismo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
To examine the expression and clinical significance of plasma 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), we examined 48 AD patients and 37 healthy control subjects. The Mini-Mental State Examination, Activities of Daily Living Scale, and Hachinski Ischemic Scale were examined in all subjects. AD patients were classified using the Global Deterioration Scale. The concentrations of plasma 3-NT and ox-LDL were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that the plasma 3-NT concentration in the AD group (119.46 ± 21.82 nM) was significantly higher than that in the control group (55.09 ± 9.63 nM) (P < 0.05). Spearman analysis showed that plasma 3-NT level was negatively associated with the Mini-Mental State Examination results of AD patients. Plasma ox-LDL level in the AD group (112.25 ± 17.81 mg/L) was significantly higher than that in the control group (47.46 ± 10.04 mg/L) (P < 0.05). Spearman analysis showed that plasma ox-LDL level was positively correlated with AD severity in AD patients. However, plasma 3-NT level in the AD group was not associated with plasma ox-LDL level. Therefore, plasma 3-NT and ox-LDL levels in AD patients were significantly increased, which may be related to the degree of AD severity in AD patients.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/sangre , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/genética , Expresión Génica , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangre , Lipoproteínas LDL/genética , Tirosina/análogos & derivados , Actividades Cotidianas , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Tirosina/sangreRESUMEN
To investigate the effect of humidity and ammonia on the antioxidative capacities and meat qualities of broilers, 192 broilers were divided into 2 groups: high (H, 70 ppm) and low (L, 30 ppm) ammonia concentration. These groups were divided into 30% (Treatment humidity, T) and 60% (Control humidity, C) humidity, giving 4 treatments: C+L, C+H, T+L, and T+H. Blood and muscle antioxidative capacities and meat quality were measured. In the H group, body weight (BW), average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG), blood and muscle antioxidative capacities, and postmortem pectoral muscle a* of broilers were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and pectoral muscle thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) contents and drip losses, postmortem pectoral muscle b* (P < 0.05) and L* (P = 0.054), and pectoral muscle shear forces (P = 0.075) increased. In the T condition, BW, ADFI, pectoral muscle superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and pectoral muscle L* decreased (P = 0.053), and pectoral muscle shear forces and TBARS contents increased (P < 0.05). In the T+H group, BW, ADFI, ADG, blood antioxidative capacities, pectoral muscle SOD and GSH-Px activities, and postmortem pectoral muscle a* were significantly lower than those of the C+L group, but postmortem pectoral muscle TBARS contents and pectoral muscle drip losses and shear forces significantly increased (P < 0.05). These results revealed that T+H could significantly reduce growth performance, antioxidative capacities, and meat quality of broilers; T intensified these negative effects.