RESUMEN
As the negative repercussions of environmental devastation, such as air quality decline and air pollution, become more apparent, environmental consciousness is growing across the world, forcing nations to take steps to mitigate the damage. China pledged to achieve air quality improvement goal to combat global environment issue, yet the spatial-temporal differentiation and its driving factors of environment-meteorology-economic index for air quality are not fully analysed. To promote regional collaborative control of air pollution and achieve sustainable urban development, spatial and temporal different and its driving factors of air quality in Shandong Province during 2013-2020. Results revealed that concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), particulate matter 10 (PM10), and carbon monoxide (CO-95per) exhibited decreasing trend (SO2 concentrations decreasing 84â¯% and CO-95per concentrations decreasing 90â¯%). Air quality was improved from inland areas to coastal areas. Pollutant indicators of SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, and CO-95per demonstrated significant positive correlation (P < 0.05). Air temperature and precipitation are significantly negatively correlated with concentrations of SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, and CO-95per but significantly positively correlated with ozone (O3-8â¯h). SO2, NO2, PM2.5, PM10, CO-95per, and proportion of days with heavy pollution are strongly positively correlated with proportion of secondary industry but strongly negatively correlated with proportion of tertiary industry and volume of household waste. Except for O3-8â¯h, pollutant index of Provincial Capital Economic Circle (PCEC) and Southern Shandong Economic Circle (SSEC) has significant negative correlation (P < 0.05) with regional gross domestic product and investment in environmental protection; however, investment in environmental protection of Eastern Shandong Economic Circle (ESEC) has no significant correlation with air pollution index. There was significant negative correlation between vegetable sowing area and SSEC pollutant index. The relationship between pollution emission and investment in environmental protection has shifted from high pollution-low investment to low pollution-low investment in PCEC, ESEC and SSEC, and the inflection point was in 2020 for PCEC, 2019 for ESEC, and 2020 for SSEC. Those results provide empirical evidence and theoretical support for the improvement of regional air quality, aiming to achieve high-quality development. According to these findings, it has been found that meteorological elements, pollutant emission, socio-economic factors and agricultural data affect air quality. Those results could provide meaningful and significant supporting for synergistic regulation of diverse pollutants.
RESUMEN
A challenge in the field of high nuclearity Fe(iii)/oxo cluster chemistry remains the development of new synthetic methods to such molecules. In this work, the employment of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde (py-2-al) in high-nuclearity transition-metal cluster chemistry has provided access to an unprecedented decanuclear iron(iii) complex, [Fe10(NO3)7(O)6(OH0.5)2((S)-py-hemi)4((R)-py-hemi)4]·4H2O (1) ((R-/S)-py-hemi = (R-/S)-pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde hemiacetalate). The synthesis, beautiful structure and the physical characterization (thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, magnetic susceptibility) of complex 1 are described in this contribution. Complex 1 provides a new route to obtain high nuclearity magnetic clusters with beautiful structures.
RESUMEN
Here we first demonstrate that asperolide A, a very recently reported marine-derived tetranorditerpenoid, leads to the inhibition of NCI-H460 lung carcinoma cell proliferation by G2/M arrest with the activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling and p53-dependent p21 pathway. Treatment with 35 µM asperolide A (2 × IC(50)) resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of G2/M phase cells, about a 2.9-fold increase during 48 h. Immunoblot assays demonstrated time-dependent inhibition of G2/M regulatory proteins. Moreover, asperolide A significantly activated MAP kinases (ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAP kinase) by phosphorylation, and only the inhibition of ERK activation by PD98059 reversed downregulation of G2/M regulatory proteins CDC2, and suppressed upregulation of p21 and p-p53 levels. Transfection of cells with dominant-negative Ras (RasN17) mutant genes up-regulated asperolide A-induced the decrease of cyclin B1 and CDC2, suppressed Raf, ERK activity and p53-p21 expression, and at last, abolished G2/M arrest. This study indicates that asperolide A-induced G2/M arrest in human NCI-H460 lung carcinoma cells relys on the participation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in p53-p21 stabilization. An in vivo study with asperolide A illustrated a marked inhibition of tumor growth, and little toxcity compared to Cisplatin therapy. Overall, these findings provide potential effectiveness and a theoretical basis for the therapeutic use of asperolide A in the treatment of malignancies.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Diterpenos/farmacología , Puntos de Control de la Fase G2 del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Proteínas ras/metabolismo , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Carcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cisplatino/toxicidad , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Diterpenos/química , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/genética , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Inmunosupresores , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Quinasas Quinasa Quinasa PAM/genética , Quinasas Quinasa Quinasa PAM/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Estructura Molecular , Neoplasias Experimentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Transducción de Señal , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Quinasas raf/genética , Quinasas raf/metabolismo , Proteínas ras/genéticaRESUMEN
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the culture extract of Aspergillus wentii EN-48, an endophytic fungus isolated from an unidentified marine brown algal species of the genus Sargassum, led to the isolation of three new tetranorlabdane diterpenoids, asperolides A-C (1-3), and five related derivatives (4-8). The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic interpretation, and compound 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by application of the modified Mosher's method. An X-ray structure for wentilactone B (6) is also reported. Compounds 1-8 were evaluated for cytotoxic and antibacterial activities.
Asunto(s)
Aspergillus/química , Diterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Phaeophyceae/química , Ampicilina/farmacología , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Diterpenos/química , Diterpenos/farmacología , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Femenino , Células HeLa , Humanos , Biología Marina , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Conformación Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear BiomolecularRESUMEN
A novel triazole carboxylic acid, penipanoid A (1), two new quinazolinone alkaloids, penipanoids B (2) and C (3), and a very recently reported quinazolinone derivative (4) were isolated from the marine sediment-derived fungus Penicillium paneum SD-44. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, and the structure for 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compound 1 represents the first example of a triazole derivative from marine sediment-derived fungi, and compound 2 is a rare quinazolinone derivative having a dihydroimidazole ring system. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1 and 4 and the antimicrobial activity of 1-4 were evaluated.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Imidazoles/aislamiento & purificación , Penicillium/química , Quinazolinonas/aislamiento & purificación , Triazoles/aislamiento & purificación , Alcaloides/química , Alcaloides/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Ácidos Carboxílicos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Humanos , Imidazoles/química , Imidazoles/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Quinazolinonas/química , Quinazolinonas/farmacología , Triazoles/química , Triazoles/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Different kinds of mineral nutrients(NO3-N, NH4-N and PO4-P) were applied in the simulated oil-polluted seawater for enhancing oil biodegradation in the N/P ratio 10:1 and 20:1. Although indigenous microorganisms have the ability to degrade oil, adding nutrients accelerated biodegradation rates significantly. For the group amended with NO3-N and PO4-P in the ratio 10:1, the reaction rate coefficient was 4 times higher than the natural biodegradation. Chemical and microbiological analysis showed that the optimal N/P ratio in the system is 10:1, and microorganisms tend to utilize nitrate rather than ammonium as N source.