RESUMEN
Mitochondrial DNA mutations that lead to mitochondrial dysfunction have long been proposed to play important roles in the development of pancreatic cancer. Of these, alterations to mitochondrial tRNA genes constitute the largest group. Most recently, a variation at position 12307 in the gene encoding tRNA(Leu(CUN)) has been reported to be associated with this disease. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this relationship remains poorly understood. To assess this association, we evaluated this variant by evolutionary conservation analysis, measurements of allelic frequencies among control subjects, and use of several bioinformatic tools to estimate potential structural and functional alterations. We found this residue to have a high conservation index; however, the presence of the A12307G variation in control subjects revealed by a literature search suggested it to be common in human populations. Moreover, RNAfold results showed that this variant did not alter the secondary structure of tRNA(Leu(CUN)). Through the application of a pathogenicity scoring system, this variant was determined to be a "neutral polymorphism," with a score of only 4 points based on current data. Thus, the contribution of the A12307G variant to pancreatic cancer needs to be addressed in further experimental studies.
Asunto(s)
ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , ARN de Transferencia de Leucina/genética , Evolución Molecular , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Mutación , Conformación de Ácido Nucleico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido SimpleRESUMEN
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is a thermophilic evergreen woody plant that has poor cold tolerance. The SAD gene plays a key role in regulating fatty acid synthesis and membrane lipid fluidity in response to temperature change. In this study, full-length SAD cDNA was cloned from tea leaves using rapid amplification of cDNA ends and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. Sequence analysis demonstrated that CsSAD had a high similarity to other corresponding cDNAs. At 25°C, the CsSAD transcriptional level was highest in the leaf and lowest in the stem, but there was no obvious difference between the root and stem organs. CsSAD expression was investigated by reverse transcription-PCR, which showed that CsSAD was upregulated at 4° and -5°C. At 25°C, CsSAD was induced by polyethylene glycol, abscisic acid, and wounding, and a similar trend was observed at 4°C, but the mean expression level at 4°C was lower than that at 25°C. Under natural cold acclimation, the 'CsCr05' variety's CsSAD expression level increased before decreasing. The CsSAD expression level in variety 'CsCr06' showed no obvious change at first, but rapidly increased to a maximum when the temperature was very low. Our study demonstrates that CsSAD is upregulated in response to different abiotic conditions, and that it is important to study the stress resistance of the tea plant, particularly in response to low temperature, drought, and wounding.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Fisiológica , Camellia sinensis/enzimología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Estearoil-CoA Desaturasa/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Camellia sinensis/genética , Camellia sinensis/fisiología , Clonación Molecular , Frío , Sequías , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/enzimología , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/fisiología , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/enzimología , Raíces de Plantas/fisiología , Alineación de Secuencia , Estearoil-CoA Desaturasa/química , Estearoil-CoA Desaturasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
We evaluated the effect of puerarin on spatial learning and memory ability of mice with chronic alcohol poisoning. A total of 30 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into model, puerarin, and control groups (n=10 each). The model group received 60% (v/v) ethanol by intragastric administration followed by intraperitoneal injection of normal saline 30 min later. The puerarin group received intragastric 60% ethanol followed by intraperitoneal puerarin 30 min later, and the control group received intragastric saline followed by intraperitoneal saline. Six weeks after treatment, the Morris water maze and Tru Scan behavioral tests and immunofluorescence staining of cerebral cortex and hippocampal neurons (by Neu-N) and microglia (by Ib1) were conducted. Glutamic acid (Glu) and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) in the cortex and hippocampus were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β were determined by ELISA. Compared with mice in the control group, escape latency and distance were prolonged, and spontaneous movement distance was shortened (P<0.05) by puerarin. The number of microglia was increased in both the cortex and hippocampal dentate gyrus (P<0.01), and neurons were reduced only in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (P<0.01) in puerarin-treated mice. In the model group, Glu and GABA levels decreased (P<0.05), and Glu/GABA, TNF-α, and IL-1β increased (P<0.01) with puerarin treatment, returning to near normal levels. In conclusion, puerarin protected against the effects of chronic alcohol poisoning on spatial learning and memory ability primarily because of anti-inflammatory activity and regulation of the balance of Glu and GABA.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Etanol/envenenamiento , Isoflavonas/uso terapéutico , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Trastornos de la Memoria/prevención & control , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Memoria Espacial/efectos de los fármacos , Vasodilatadores/uso terapéutico , Alcoholismo/complicaciones , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Corteza Cerebral/química , Corteza Cerebral/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Ácido Glutámico/análisis , Interleucina-1beta/análisis , Isoflavonas/farmacología , Trastornos de la Memoria/inducido químicamente , Trastornos de la Memoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Microglía/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Distribución Aleatoria , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis , Vasodilatadores/farmacología , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/análisisRESUMEN
We evaluated the effect of puerarin on spatial learning and memory ability of mice with chronic alcohol poisoning. A total of 30 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into model, puerarin, and control groups (n=10 each). The model group received 60% (v/v) ethanol by intragastric administration followed by intraperitoneal injection of normal saline 30 min later. The puerarin group received intragastric 60% ethanol followed by intraperitoneal puerarin 30 min later, and the control group received intragastric saline followed by intraperitoneal saline. Six weeks after treatment, the Morris water maze and Tru Scan behavioral tests and immunofluorescence staining of cerebral cortex and hippocampal neurons (by Neu-N) and microglia (by Ib1) were conducted. Glutamic acid (Glu) and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) in the cortex and hippocampus were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1ß were determined by ELISA. Compared with mice in the control group, escape latency and distance were prolonged, and spontaneous movement distance was shortened (P<0.05) by puerarin. The number of microglia was increased in both the cortex and hippocampal dentate gyrus (P<0.01), and neurons were reduced only in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (P<0.01) in puerarin-treated mice. In the model group, Glu and GABA levels decreased (P<0.05), and Glu/GABA, TNF-α, and IL-1ß increased (P<0.01) with puerarin treatment, returning to near normal levels. In conclusion, puerarin protected against the effects of chronic alcohol poisoning on spatial learning and memory ability primarily because of anti-inflammatory activity and regulation of the balance of Glu and GABA.