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Goldenhar syndrome is a rare disorder that normally affects just one side and is distinguished by a variety of anomalies in internal organs, vertebrae, and craniofacial tissues. Although this sickness varies genetically and has been linked to a variety of factors, its etiology is unknown. We describe a case of hemifacial microsomia linked with Goldenhar syndrome that was clinically and radiographically investigated using cone-beam computed tomography. Several classical indications of the condition were present in the patient along with few uncommon ones. The many facets of this uncommon disease have been covered, with a focus on early detection and a multidisciplinary approach to treatment.

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The empirical affirmation in the electronics industry is that the power of chips per unit area is growing exponentially. The amount of heat generated is equal to the power; hence as power per unit area increases, so does the amount of heat generated within the chip. Thus, it necessary to mitigate the thermal problems of electronic systems. If not addressed or suppressed, thermal problems can lead to various issues including dielectric breakdown, electromigration, material creeping, unwanted chemical reactions, board warpage, drift in performance, and indirect heating. In this study, a dedicated thermal collection network (TCN) in the back end of the line area of an electronic chip was investigated. This network can help in creating a connection using a thermal through Silicon via (TTSV) to pump up the thermal energy to the heat-sink-fan assembly. Pre-empting heat from the sources could manage the thermal issues arising in chips as well as three-dimensional integrated circuit (3-D IC) structures. The finite-element method was the tool used for analysis. 31.62% of heat suction in TCNs of monolithic ICs, 11.36% in TCNs of 3-D IC structures, and 35.34% of heat suction in junctions of TTSVs compared with different approaches without the postulate used here. This procedure is expected to lead to a new path for redesigning electronic chips and 3-D IC structures.

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Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma is a rare, infrequent, aggressive in nature, locally reoccurring odontogenic tumor with a tendency of distant metastasis, occurring during to 4th to 6th decades with a mostly female predilection. Histologically, it is characterized by sheets and islands of vacuolated/clear cells. Till date, only 74 cases have been reported in the literature. We present a case of 45-year-old woman with a tumor mass extending from the maxillary right first premolar till the third molar region measuring 4 cm × 4 cm. The diagnosis was given based on the histopathological findings. Being locally aggressive, the reported data and understanding of this infrequent tumor needs to be strengthened by reporting new cases, and it also demands to be distinguished from other primary and metastatic clear cell tumors of the head-and-neck region.

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Microbial biofilm can effectively alter the electrochemical characteristics at metal/solution interface that can either accelerate or decelerate corrosion. The present paper reports about microbiologically induced corrosion inhibition (MICI) using Pseudomonas putida as a dominant bacterium under aerobic condition. Effective corrosion inhibition is achieved by the synergistic metabolic action of P. putida along with Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis or Shewanella putrefaciens. The synergistic metabolic actions of these bacteria in biopassivation are analysed with various aspects such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Surface topography is quantitatively analysed using optical scanning profilometry (OSP). The binary culture system containing P. putida + E. coli and P. putida + S. putrefaciens achieves an inhibition efficiency of 90% and 85% respectively, despite S. putrefaciens being a corrosion causing bacteria. The P. putida + E. coli system could form a stable biofilm on mild steel surface, with a high corrosion potential (- 329 mV vs. Ag/AgCl/KCl sat'd) and a low corrosion rate (1.65 × 10-1 mmpy). The presence of B. subtilis in the culture promotes corrosion against normal predictions. In the present case, the metabolic activities of the bacterial system on the mild steel surface cause depletion of oxygen in the medium that leads to suppression of corrosion. In addition, the biofilm could form an effective protective barrier on the metal surface that can suppress diffusion of corrosion products resulting in enhanced corrosion inhibition efficiency.

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We present a perfusion culture system with miniature bioreactors and peristaltic pumps. The bioreactors are designed for perfusion, live-cell imaging studies, easy incorporation of microfabricated scaffolds, and convenience of operation in standard cell culture techniques. By combining with miniature peristaltic pumps-one for each bioreactor to avoid cross-contamination and to maintain desired flow rate in each-we have made a culture system that facilitates perfusion culture inside standard incubators. This scalable system can support multiple parallel perfusion experiments. The major components are fabricated by three-dimensional printing using VeroWhite, which we show to be amenable to ex vivo cell culture. Furthermore, the components of the system can be reused, thus making it economical. We validate the system and illustrate its versatility by culturing primary rat hepatocytes, live imaging the growth of mouse fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) on microfabricated ring-scaffolds inserted into the bioreactor, performing perfusion culture of breast cancer cells (MCF7), and high-magnification imaging of hepatocarcinoma cells (HuH7).

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Ameloblastoma is a benign locally invasive epithelial odontogenic tumour comprising 1% of all tumours and cysts arising in the jaws. It is commonly found in the third and fourth decade in the molar ramus region of the mandible. Among all types of ameloblastoma, multicystic ameloblastoma is believed to be locally aggressive lesion that has the tendency for recurrence. In this report we present a large multicystic ameloblastoma in the left body-ramus region of the mandible in a 55-year-old woman. This large lesion was diagnosed with the help of CT and was successfully managed by hemimandibulectomy with simultaneous reconstruction using iliac crest bone.

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