Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Desensibilización Inmunológica/métodos , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/terapia , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/terapia , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/terapia , Timosina/análogos & derivados , Extractos del Timo/uso terapéutico , Animales , Terapia Combinada , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Cobayas , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Inmunidad Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunización , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/inmunología , Timosina/uso terapéuticoAsunto(s)
Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/tratamiento farmacológico , Hormonas del Timo/uso terapéutico , Anafilaxia/tratamiento farmacológico , Anafilaxia/inmunología , Animales , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Inmunoglobulina E/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Biológicos , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Hormonas del Timo/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The influence of thymalin on the formation of specific allergy and the distribution of immunocompetent cells in the immunity organs of guinea pigs immunized with Haemophilus influenzae antigen was studied. The stimulating influence of thymalin on the allergization of the body, changes in the lymphocyte subpopulations, as well as the possibility of the development of allergic reactions to thymalin, were established. Multiple injections of thymalin produced a stronger stimulating effect on the formation of specific microbial allergy and on the content of T- and B-lymphocytes than a single injection of the preparation.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Haemophilus influenzae/inmunología , Sistema Inmunológico/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunización , Subgrupos Linfocitarios/efectos de los fármacos , Hormonas del Timo/farmacología , Animales , Antígenos de Superficie/inmunología , Femenino , Cobayas , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/etiología , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/etiología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Sistema Inmunológico/inmunología , Inmunofenotipificación , Subgrupos Linfocitarios/inmunología , Masculino , Solubilidad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
In this work the effectiveness of complex immunotherapy, including specific inhalation hyposensitization with the introduction of artificial synthetic polyelectrolite, was studied. Specific allergen produced a good effect (75%) in the inhalation hyposensitization of hemophilic allergy. The intramuscular injection of artificial synthetic polyelectrolite, made in addition to the inhalation of allergen, produced a better desensitizing effect than the separate administration of allergen or polyelectrolite. The multiple administration of polyelectrolite produced a desensitizing effect on allergic reactions of type I with the tendency towards the decrease of reactions of type IV. Good prospects for the development of methods for special treatment with homologous allergen in combination with NA-5 in cases of microbial sensitization under the control of immunocompetent cells were shown.
Asunto(s)
Acrilatos/uso terapéutico , Resinas Acrílicas/uso terapéutico , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Desensibilización Inmunológica/métodos , Infecciones por Haemophilus/terapia , Haemophilus influenzae , Hipersensibilidad/terapia , Povidona/uso terapéutico , Pirrolidinonas/uso terapéutico , Administración por Inhalación , Alérgenos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Femenino , Cobayas , Infecciones por Haemophilus/etiología , Infecciones por Haemophilus/inmunología , Haemophilus influenzae/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad/etiología , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Inyecciones Intramusculares , MasculinoRESUMEN
Experimental mixed allergy to staphylococcal antigens in guinea pigs was treated by the intranasal administration of a staphylococcal allergen with a surfactant or glycerin added. The treatment was found to produce a hyposensitizing effect with respect to immediate and delayed hypersensitivity. The addition of glycerine enhanced this effect. At the same time the level of T-lymphocytes in the lungs and the lymph nodes of the respiratory tract returned to normal. Detergent used at a concentration of 2% abolished the hyposensitizing effect of the allergen, stimulated T-lymphocytes in the lymph nodes of the respiratory tract and the lungs; the number of T-suppressors decreased.
Asunto(s)
Alérgenos/administración & dosificación , Detergentes/uso terapéutico , Glicerol/uso terapéutico , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/inmunología , Tensoactivos/uso terapéutico , Administración Intranasal , Animales , Desensibilización Inmunológica/métodos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Cobayas , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/terapia , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/terapia , Inmunización , Linfocitos/inmunología , Compuestos Orgánicos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/inmunología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/terapiaRESUMEN
The electron microscopic study of H. influenzae standard strains, serovar b, in the capsular and noncapsular forms has revealed the pronounced pleomorphism of these organisms in successive generations.
Asunto(s)
Haemophilus influenzae/ultraestructura , Haemophilus influenzae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Microscopía Electrónica/métodos , Polimorfismo Genético , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The distribution of T- and B-lymphocytes in the body of guinea pigs was studied in different groups of the animals. As shown in this study, in delayed hypersensitivity to staphylococci the number of PE- and E-rosette-forming cells increased in the blood, the spleen, and the lymph nodes and decreased in the thymus; the number of EA- and EAC-rosette-forming cells decreased in the bone marrow and the spleen, the number of T gamma-suppressors decreased in the bone marrow and the distant lymph node. Immediate hypersensitivity to tarragon pollen induced the general increase of the content of T- and B-lymphocytes; the number of T gamma-cells decreased in the thymus, the bone marrow, and the lymph nodes and increased in the spleen. The characteristic features of combined microbial-pollen sensitization were the high content of B-cells in all lymphoid organs (except the thymus), a low level of T-lymphocytes in the blood and the peripheral lymphoid organs, the decreased number of T gamma-cells in most of the immunogenetic organs.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos B/inmunología , Inmunización , Polen/inmunología , Staphylococcus aureus/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Animales , Cobayas , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Inmunoterapia , Formación de Roseta , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The investigation was aimed at elucidating the process of the development of allergy to exoallergens (e.g., to linear-leaf wormwood pollen) in the body after desensitization by specific immunotherapy (SIT) with heterologous (staphylococcal) allergen. The study revealed that in staphylococcal allergy the subsequent development of pollen sensitization occurred with greater intensity, and SIT was found to exert no influence on this process. For the first time pollen allergy was found to produce an unfavorable effect on the quality and effectiveness of SIT with heterologous staphylococcal allergen, this effect consisting in the acceleration and intensification of the process leading to the recovery of sensitization to staphylococci. The importance of measures for limiting contacts with heterologous allergens and their elimination during SIT is emphasized.
Asunto(s)
Alérgenos/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/etiología , Inmunoterapia , Polen/inmunología , Staphylococcus aureus/inmunología , Animales , Desensibilización Inmunológica/métodos , Cobayas , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/inmunología , InmunizaciónRESUMEN
With allergic immediate hypersensitivity test to the antigens of Staphylococcus aureus strain Wood 46 specific bronchospastic reactions were simulated in the lungs of guinea pigs by means of two allergens: commercial allergen manufactured in Czechoslovakia and staphyloallergen prepared by ultrasonic treatment under laboratory conditions at the Alma-Ata Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Infectious diseases (USSR). Allergens prepared at the Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology (USSR) and in Bulgaria produced no reactions.
Asunto(s)
Alérgenos , Espasmo Bronquial/inmunología , Inmunización , Pulmón/inmunología , Staphylococcus aureus/inmunología , Alérgenos/inmunología , Animales , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Cobayas , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Técnicas In Vitro , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The sensitizing properties of different doses of the antigenic preparation obtained from H. influenzae by ultrasonic treatment have been studied. Small doses of the antigen have been found to induce immunoallergic transformations of type IV in sensitized guinea pigs. A considerable increase in the sensitizing dose of the antigen has been found to lead to the appearance of allergic reactions of type I. The regularities of the development of allergy to H. influenzae are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Haemophilus influenzae/inmunología , Animales , Complejo Antígeno-Anticuerpo/análisis , Inhibición de Migración Celular , Relación Dosis-Respuesta Inmunológica , Cobayas , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Inmunización , Leucocitos/inmunología , Anafilaxis Cutánea Pasiva , Pruebas Cutáneas , Solubilidad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The experimental and clinical study of the allergen diagnostic properties of new Brucella protein-polysaccharide antigen in comparison with brucellin has been made in the leukocyte migration inhibition test, and its working doses have been determined. The results thus obtained suggest that Brucella protein-polysaccharide antigen has considerable diagnostic advantages over commercial brucellin, which presents vast possibilities of using this antigen for the allergen diagnosis of brucellosis in the leukocyte migration inhibition test.
Asunto(s)
Alérgenos , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Proteínas Bacterianas , Brucella abortus/inmunología , Brucelosis/diagnóstico , Polisacáridos Bacterianos , Animales , Inhibición de Migración Celular , Relación Dosis-Respuesta Inmunológica , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Femenino , Cobayas , Humanos , Leucocitos/inmunología , MasculinoRESUMEN
The pathochemical mechanisms of bronchospasm have been studied using various type of experimental allergies to microbial antigens. It was established that in guinea pigs with type I allergies isolated lung bronchospasm was mediated by histamine and SRS-A. Bronchial response to immune complexes type III were produced by the activation of complement with subsequent degranulation of mast cells and histamine release. Type IV hypersensitivity (lymphokine-mediated bronchospasm) was manifested without histamine, acetylcholine and mast cell involvement. The response to lymphokine was blocked by atropine. The spasmogenic y lymphokines are large molecular thermolabile substances.
Asunto(s)
Alérgenos/inmunología , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Espasmo Bronquial/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Animales , Atropina/farmacología , Autacoides/inmunología , Bronquios/efectos de los fármacos , Activación de Complemento , Difenhidramina/farmacología , Cobayas , Liberación de Histamina , Linfocinas/inmunología , Mastocitos/inmunología , Contracción Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , RatasRESUMEN
Immune mechanisms of smooth muscle spastic bronchial reactions were reproduced and studied in isolated guinea pig lungs and found to develop type I, III and IV allergic reactions at sensitization to brucella and staphylococcus. Type I reactions were reproduced in animal lungs with immediate hypersensitivity to soluble microbial antigens. Type III reactions were obtained by transfusion of soluble immune complexes containing microbial antigens into isolated lungs Bronchospastic reactions arose only in the presence of the complement. Antibodies responsible for bronchospasm belonged to the IgG class. Type IV reactions were produced in vitro using supernatants obtained by incubation of lymphoid cells isolated from animals with delayed hypersensitivity with homologic microbial antigens. The supernatants possessed bronchospastic action.
Asunto(s)
Alérgenos/inmunología , Bacterias/inmunología , Espasmo Bronquial/inmunología , Animales , Complejo Antígeno-Anticuerpo/inmunología , Asma/inmunología , Brucella/inmunología , Inhibición de Migración Celular , Femenino , Cobayas , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Linfocinas/inmunología , Masculino , Staphylococcus/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The action of lymphokines, soluble mediators of cell-mediated immunity was studied on isolated lungs of guinea-pigs. Antigen-specific antigens were shown to have bronchospastic activity as regards sensitized and nonsensitized lungs. The bronchospastic effect is not mediated by histamine or by other chemical bronchoconstrictors, and is not linked with activity of leukocyte migration inhibition factor.
Asunto(s)
Espasmo Bronquial/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/inmunología , Linfocinas/inmunología , Animales , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Bronquios/fisiopatología , Brucella/inmunología , Cobayas , Linfocinas/fisiología , Músculo Liso/fisiopatología , Staphylococcus aureus/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Infecciones por Haemophilus/microbiología , Haemophilus influenzae/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades Pulmonares/microbiología , Adulto , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Preescolar , Epítopos/inmunología , Haemophilus influenzae/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunización , Lactante , Meningitis por Haemophilus/epidemiología , Nasofaringe/microbiología , Conejos , RatasRESUMEN
The possibility of using the protein-polysaccharide complex for the allergodiagnosis of brucellosis in experimental animals has been shown and the doses of the preparation for such tests have been determined. The advantages of this preparation over brucellin are shown.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas , Brucella abortus , Brucelosis/diagnóstico , Polisacáridos Bacterianos , Pruebas Cutáneas/métodos , Animales , Antígenos Bacterianos , Pared Celular , Relación Dosis-Respuesta Inmunológica , Femenino , Cobayas , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/diagnóstico , Masculino , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Hipersensibilidad Tardía/etiología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/etiología , Staphylococcus/inmunología , Anciano , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Reacción de Arthus/etiología , Reacción de Arthus/inmunología , Epítopos/inmunología , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/inmunología , Inmunidad Celular , Inmunización , Inmunocompetencia , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Solubilidad , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/etiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/inmunología , Proteína Estafilocócica A/inmunología , Staphylococcus aureus/inmunologíaRESUMEN
A total of 20 different allergens extracted from various staphylococcal strains were studied in the delayed hypersensitivity reactions in experiments on guinea-pigs. The most intensive dermatoallergic reactions were observed after the injection of the cytoplasmic fraction, acidic and alkaline extracts; reactions to the allergen of Ando-Verzhikovsky were less pronounced. The cytoplasmic fraction and the allergen of ando-Verzhikovsky were more active in the reaction of leukocyte migration inhibition in the blood. Both common and individual allergenic components were detected. No correlation between the results of the immunochemical and allergological studies of staphylococcal extracts was revealed.