RESUMEN
Objective: The aim of this study was: (1) to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol and curcumin on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase activity in neuronal cell in subregions of mice brain, (2) to evaluate the effects on antioxidant status and (3) to evaluate the protective effects of phytochemicals on learning and memory following fluoride exposure. Method: Young mice (one month old, body weight (BW) 30 ± 5 mg) were provided with 120 ppm sodium fluoride dissolved in drinking water. They were given curcumin (30 mg/kg BW) or resveratrol (30 mg/kg BW) orally once in a day up to 30 days. Effects of resveratrol and curcumin on spatial learning and memory were studied using Morris water maze and classic maze test. Effects on brain antioxidants' (lactose dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species) status were also studied in vitro. Histochemistry was done to assess the effect of treatments on nitric oxide neurotransmitter. Result: Our study showed that in fluoride-treated animals, the number of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase positive neurons, intracellular Ca2+, reactive oxygen species level, LDH and malondialdehyde concentration increased significantly. Interestingly, after treatment with curcumin or resveratrol, a significant decrease in the number of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase positive neurons and antioxidant status was observed. This decrease was more considerable in resveratrol-treated group. Conclusion: Our study indicates that both antioxidants, curcumin and resveratrol, are useful in reducing neurodegeneration in selective areas of cornus ammonis 1 (CA1), CA3, dentate gyrus (DG) and the cortex of mice brain and in recuperating the loss of memory and learning caused due to fluoride exposure.
Asunto(s)
Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Curcumina/administración & dosificación , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Recuerdo Mental/fisiología , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/metabolismo , Resveratrol/administración & dosificación , Fluoruro de Sodio/toxicidad , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Células Cultivadas , Corteza Cerebral/efectos de los fármacos , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/patología , Masculino , Recuerdo Mental/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/patología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Curcumin (Cur), an active ingredient of turmeric is known to have multiple activities, including an antioxidant property and has been suggested to be useful in treatment of several neurological diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neuroprotective effects of Cur to mitigate the effect of the Fluoride (F) induced neurotoxicity in mice brain using the histological and the biochemical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Exposure of mice (30 days old male) to F (120 ppm) daily for 30 days. RESULT AND DISCUSSION: Treatment with the F causes an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and also increase in the neurodegenerative cells in the hippocampal sub-regions. Interestingly, co-treatment with Cur (30 mg/kg BW) with F (120 ppm) for 30 days results in significant decreases in LPO with a concomitant decrease in neurodegeneration as compared with those treated with F alone. CONCLUSION: Our study reveals that Cur is useful in ameliorating degenerative effects of F in mice brain.