RESUMEN
Introduction: Thrombogenesis, a major cause of implantable cardiovascular device failure, can be addressed through the use of biodegradable polymers modified with anticoagulating moieties. This study introduces a novel polyester urethane urea (PEUU) functionalized with various anti-platelet deposition molecules for enhanced antiplatelet performance in regenerative cardiovascular devices. Methods: PEUU, synthesized from poly-caprolactone, 1,4-diisocyanatobutane, and putrescine, was chemically oxidized to introduce carboxyl groups, creating PEUU-COOH. This polymer was functionalized in situ with polyethyleneimine, 4-arm polyethylene glycol, seleno-L-cystine, heparin sodium, and fondaparinux. Functionalization was confirmed using Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Bio-compatibility and hemocompatibility were validated through metabolic activity and hemolysis assays. The anti-thrombotic activity was assessed using platelet aggregation, lactate dehydrogenase activation assays, and scanning electron microscopy surface imaging. The whole-blood clotting time quantification assay was employed to evaluate anticoagulation properties. Results: Results demonstrated high biocompatibility and hemocompatibility, with the most potent anti-thrombotic activity observed on pegylated surfaces. However, seleno-L-cystine and fondaparinux exhibited no anti-platelet activity. Discussion: The findings highlight the importance of balancing various factors and addressing challenges associated with different approaches when developing innovative surface modifications for cardiovascular devices.
RESUMEN
Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) are a promising alternative to treat vascular disease under complex hemodynamic conditions. However, despite efforts from the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields, the interactions between the material and the biological and hemodynamic environment are still to be understood, and optimization of the rational design of vascular grafts is an open challenge. This is of special importance as TEVGs not only have to overcome the surgical requirements upon implantation, they also need to withhold the inflammatory response and sustain remodeling of the tissue. This work aims to analyze and evaluate the bio-molecular interactions and hemodynamic phenomena between blood components, cells and materials that have been reported to be related to the failure of the TEVGs during the regeneration process once the initial stages of preimplantation have been resolved, in order to tailor and refine the needed criteria for the optimal design of TEVGs.
Asunto(s)
Implantación de Prótesis Vascular , Prótesis Vascular , Ingeniería de TejidosRESUMEN
Vascular grafts (VG) are medical devices intended to replace the function of a diseased vessel. Current approaches use non-biodegradable materials that struggle to maintain patency under complex hemodynamic conditions. Even with the current advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine with the tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), the cellular response is not yet close to mimicking the biological function of native vessels, and the understanding of the interactions between cells from the blood and the vascular wall with the material in operative conditions is much needed. These interactions change over time after the implantation of the graft. Here we aim to analyze the current knowledge in bio-molecular interactions between blood components, cells and materials that lead either to an early failure or to the stabilization of the vascular graft before the wall regeneration begins.